Basic Electrical Safety基本电气安全.doc

Site HSSE Practice of Acetic Acid Project 醋酸项目现场HSSE规定BP YPC Acetyls Company (Nanjing) Limited南京扬子石化碧辟乙酰有限责任公司 Acetic Acid Project醋酸项目SITE HSSE PRACTICE现场HSSE规定Document No. & Title文件编号及名称S-10 BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY基本电气安全Rev 0For approvalGreen Gu15/08/06Mr. SunMr. MengJohn HehnIssue RevIssue or Revision DescriptionOrigin byDateChecked byDateApprovedbyDateFinalApprovalDateThis Document is Owned by本文件持有人IPMT AuthorityIPMT授权批准TABLE OF CONTENTS 目录1PURPOSE 目的22SCOPE 范围23QUALIFIED PERSONNEL 合格人员24GENERAL REQUIREMENTS一般要求25EXTENSION CORDS 延长线26GROUNDING 接地27PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES插头和插座28OFFICE ELECTRICAL SAFETY办公室电气安全21.0PURPOSE 目的32.0SCOPE 范围34.0QUALIFIED PERSONNEL 合格人员35.0GENERAL REQUIREMENTS一般要求36.0EXTENSION CORDS 延长线77.0GROUNDING 接地88.0PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES插头和插座99.0OFFICE ELECTRICAL SAFETY办公室电气安全91.0PURPOSE 目的To provide interpretive guidelines to ensure uniform enforcement of the State standard for Electrical Related Work Practices. 为电气作业安全提供详细指导，确保符合国家标准要求。 Ensure all people work in BYACO site knowing the electrical safety well to protect themselves and equipments. 确保所有在BYACO现场工作的人员熟悉电气安全知识，以保护自身及设备安全。2.0SCOPEcope 范围These guidelines detail the necessary precautions that should be taken by all personnel to minimize their exposure to electrical sources of energy. Aimed at workers that perform electrical as well as non-electrical maintenance tasks, they emphasize conditions that should be avoided in the workplace. 指明了必要的防范措施。强调了电气作业人员在工作中应该避免的情形，以减少电气危害。3.0Revision Summary 修订 Issue Rev发布版次Issue or Revision Description发布或版次描述Origin By编制Date日期Check By审核Date日期Approve By审批Date日期01Ensure HSSE Policy followed during the AA projectWu YueGreen GuChen Dong2006-1-16Meng WeiGreen Gu Wu YueChen Dong2006-7-3John HehnThis Document Is Owned By: BYACO4.0QUALIFIED PERSONNEL 合格人员Electrical repair work or diagnostic work on electrical equipment shall only be performed by personnel that are qualified to perform this task. Qualified personnel must be documented by the Safety Department. 电气作业只能由合格人员来从事。合格人员档案须在安全部门备案。5.0EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY ON THE BODY 电对人体的影响4.1 An electrical circuit is composed of voltage (e.g., 220 volts), resistance (e.g., 1000 ohms), and current (e.g., 0.12 amperes). Of the three, current is what causes electrical burns, shock, and death. 电路由电压（如220伏），电阻（如1000欧姆）和电流（如0.12安培）组成。电流会造成电气灼伤、电击，甚至死亡。 4.2 For a given voltage, the resistance of the electrical circuit determines the value of current flow in the circuit. The smaller the current resistance, the more current will flow. Increasing the circuit voltage increases current flow also. More current will flow through a circuit of low resistance than a circuit of high resistance. 电路中如果给定电压，那么电阻就将决定电流的值。电阻越小，流经的电流就越大。电压增加，电流同时也增加。电阻低的电路比电阻高的电路电流大。 4.3 During electrical equipment failures or circuit failures, electrical current can use the human body as a path of least resistance. This can cause injury and death. When using electrical equipment, anything that reduces the bodys resistance can significantly cause more current to flow through the body during electrical failures. 当电气设备或电路出现故障时，电流就会通过人体（低电阻）导电。 这会造成伤害或死亡。当电气设备出现故障时，任何降低人体电阻的因素都会导致更多的电流流过人体。 4.4 Individual body resistance varies from person to person. Dry skin has higher resistance than wet or moist skin. A muscular person has less body resistance than a thin or obese person. Women have more body resistance than men. 人体电阻因人而异。 干性皮肤电阻大于潮湿性的皮肤。肌肉健壮的人电阻低于瘦子或胖子的电阻。女人人体电阻大于男人人体电阻。 4.5 When electrical current flows through the human body, it is the combination of the magnitude of the current and the duration of that current that determines the severity of the injury. 当电流流经人体时，流过的电流量及时间决定了人体受伤严重程度。 4.6 The human body is usually assigned a resistance value of 250 2000 ohms. This value can be higher or lower depending on the condition of the skin, the contact resistance and other factors. 人体一般电阻为250 2000欧姆。该值可以上下浮动，视皮肤情况、接触电阻和其他因素而定。 4.7 Using the value of 1000 ohms for a man, the current flow in an electrical fault path from a 220 volt circuit through a man would be 220 milliamperes (ma). From the following table, 220 milliamperes (220/1000 amperes) can cause death! In fact, the current flow through a 25 watt light bulb (over 200 milliamperes) is twice the magnitude mentioned in our example. 假设人体电阻值为1000欧姆，那么从220V电路流出的电流经过人体是220毫安。从下表中可以看出， 220毫安（220/1000安培）可以造成人体死亡！事实上，流经一只25瓦（超过200毫安）灯泡的电流是刚才举例中的电流量的两倍！TABLE 1表格1Value of Current电流值Observed Condition观测条件1 maGenerally considered the threshold of perception通常开始有点感觉5 maTrip setting of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) 漏保起跳点8 maInterrupters (GFCIs)断电9 maLimit of Let Go Current摆脱电流临界点9 ma 25 maCurrent of this value can be painful and result in lack of control. Can make it difficult or impossible to let go. 引起疼痛并难以摆脱25 ma 50 maMuscular contraction will be experienced that makes breathing difficult.肌肉收缩导致呼吸困难50 ma 100 maThese values can cause the heart to go into ventricular fibrillation.引起心室纤维颤动100 ma and higherThe heart can stop, burns to the body are observed, the breathing can be inhibited and the nervous system can become impaired.心跳停止，身体被灼伤，呼吸被抑制，神经系统被削弱。5.0QUALIFIED PERSONNEL 合格人员Electrical repair work or diagnostic work on electrical equipment shall only be performed by personnel that are qualified to perform this task. Qualified personnel must be documented as being qualified by appropriate Company management. 电气作业只能由合格人员来从事。合格人员档案须在公司管备案。Instruction manuals from manufacturers detail what work can be performed by specific individuals. Consult the manuals for instruction. If in doubt, seek additional help. 严格执行设备制造商操作手册，如果有疑问可以寻求厂家（制造商）帮助。 Equipment that warn “DO NOT REMOVE COVERS” (PCs, typewriters, fans, pencil sharpeners, etc.) should be repaired by those qualified to perform such repairs only. 设备上如果标明“不得拿掉盖子”，如个人电脑、打字机、风机、铅笔削磨具等的修理工作，只能由资质合格人员来进行。 Personnel should recognize that some equipment, even when unplugged, can still cause an electrical shock if unauthorized access panels are removed during servicing. 一般人员应当意识到，某些设备尽管拔掉了插头但仍可能会造成触电。5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS一般要求All temporary electrical equipment on the project site must be listed approved by an internationally recognized testing laboratory for the site application. All temporary electrical installations must conform to the recognized codes. 现场所有临时电气设备都必须经过相关机构的认证，以确保便适用于现场。所有临时电气安装都必须符合相关国家的规范和标准要求。 Instruction manuals from manufacturers detail what work can be performed by specific individuals. Consult the manuals for instruction. If in doubt, seek additional help. 严格执行设备制造商操作手册，如果有疑问可以寻求厂家（制造商）帮助。 Equipment that warn “DO NOT REMOVE COVERS” (PCs, typewriters, fans, pencil sharpeners, etc.) should be repaired by those qualified to perform such repairs only. 设备上如果标明“不得拿掉盖子”，如个人电脑、打字机、风扇机、刨铅笔工削磨具等的修理工作，只能由资质合格的人员来进行。Portable electrical hand tools must be grounded or double insulated. 便携式电动工具必须接地或双层绝缘。 All electrical cords and cables are covered or elevated to protect them from damage and to eliminate tripping hazards. 所有电线和电缆必须覆盖保护或架空，避免损坏，并以消除被绊跌倒的危害。NOTE: When cables are elevated they must be secured into position and protected from abrasion when strung over metal beams, etc. The use of rebar tie-wire (16 ga.) to secure cables is prohibited.注意：电缆架空时必须固定，当穿过钢结构时必须加以保护避免受到磨损。禁止用钢筋直接绑扎电缆（16 ga.）。Power saws, grinders, and other power tools must have proper guards in place at all times. 电锯、打磨机和其他电动工具必须随时进行有效的防护。Temporary portable lighting used in damp and/or hazardous locations and confined areas with low ground resistance must be operated at a maximum of 12 volts, unless protected with GFCIs. 在潮湿危险或封闭区域（接地电阻很低），临时便携照明最大电压不得超过12伏，有GFCI的除外。Qualified electricians are the only employees authorized to repair electrical equipment. Field repairs or tampering with any electrical equipment by unauthorized persons is not tolerated. 只有合格的专业电气人员才能被授权人员为授权人员，来从事电气设备的修理工作。严禁非授权人员在人员对任何电气设备进行现场修理或乱动电气调节设备。 No work should be performed hot regardless of voltage. When it becomes necessary to work on energized lines or equipment, the task is reviewed and approved by the Companys electrical supervisor. When working authorized hot jobs, approved rubber electrical gloves, blankets, mats and other protective equipment must be used. 不得进行带电作业。如果确有需要在带电线路或设备上作业，该项作业任务须得到电气主管的批准。当进行授权带电作业时，必须使用经过批准的绝缘手套、绝缘毯、绝缘垫和其他劳保用品。Temporary lighting must have guards over bulbs. 临时照明的灯泡必须有防护罩。 Distribution panels must be dead front type, covering hot terminals and properly constructed and grounded. 分线盘必须前端封闭，带电端子被保护，并有接地。High voltage (600 volts or more) must be properly protected and identified using approved signs. 分线盘必须是固定面板式，带电端子被保护，结构合理并接地。600伏及向上的高压电必须进行有效防护，并用标识牌进行标记。Cord sets must have heavy duty insulation, weather and sun resistant with a ground conductor, and be free of splices. 电线必须接线处的绝缘良好层必须加重绝缘，耐温候，防晒，可靠的接地线并有一个接地导体，无连接缝。All electrical equipment is to be visually checked by the user daily or before each use. All electrical equipment is formally inspected by a qualified electrician at least every 90 days or more often based on conditions found during inspections. Such inspection includes a continuity test of the grounding conductor (as applicable) and completeinspection includes a continuity test of the grounding conductor (as applicable) and completes examination of the equipment/system to assure good and safe operating condition. No electrical equipment is used unless it is in proper operating order. Records are maintained by the Company Company electrical department and equipment individually identified. 使用者应每天对电气设备进行外观检查。至少每季由专业电气人员对电气设备进行一次检查。检查内容包括，接地导体的测试，设备整个系统测试，以确保电气设备认是否处于完好状态。严禁使用有故障的电气设备处于正常状态时方可使用。检查记录必须由保存电气部门和检查人员保存。Ground fault circuit protection must be used on all electrical systems, 220 volts receptacle outlets, extension cords and equipment connected by electrical cords and plugs. Distribution panels supplied at the site incorporate GFCIs for 220 volt usage. 所有电气系统保护、220伏插座、延长线和电气设备都等必须装设使用漏电保护器。现场220伏配电柜也必须有漏电包含GFCI保护器。 All circuit breakers/GFCIs shall be positively identified as to which outlets they protect by numbering each breaker and its corresponding outlet. 所有断电路开关/GFCI必须一一标识出其所保护的电路及相对应的插座并编号有效标记出来，如哪路插座进行了保护，标上每一个开关及其相对应的插座。When performing maintenance on temporary electrical systems, lockouts and tagouts must be used. Under no circumstances shall owners electrical equipment be entered to perform adjustments, modifications, etc. without the prior expressed written permission of the Operations Department. All authorized work will be subject to inspection at anytime. (Refer to Part II, S -35 Lockout/Tagout Procedure.) 当需要对临时用电系统进行检修时，必须上锁和挂牌。没有运行部门的书面许可，不得对电气设备进行修改、调整。所有授权作业随时待查。（请参考第二部分S-35 加锁/挂牌程序）。During testing and commissioning processes of permanent plant equipment, the lockout and tagout program established by the Company and owner must be complied with and under the control of the BYACO Safety Department. 在装置设备调试和试车期间的，必须遵守公司和业主制定的加锁和挂牌，计划必须，并处于BYACO安全部门的控制和管理之下。Only qualified electricians make electrical connections. 只有合格的电气专业人员方可从事接线作业。 Be certain the circuit has been de-energized before the connection is broken. 在连接断开之前，确认切断电源已被切断后，后方可折进行断开电线操作线路。Notify all personnel who may be affected when the power is turned off, and again before it is turned on. 当电源切断时，或接通前，通知可能要受到影响的员工。Do not render interlocks unserviceable by removing or modifying them. They are there for a purpose. 不得随意拆除或修改动连锁装置。 Know the voltages and frequencies of circuits before any work is done. 作业开展前，熟悉电路的电压和频率。 Know the capacity of fuses and circuit breakers.熟悉保险和断路开关的容量。及开关。Check all cords to all electric tools and all portable electrical equipment to ensure they are serviceable and properly grounded. 检查所有电动工具和设备的电线，确保牢固耐用并接地有效接地。Water must not be used on electrical equipment fires. Whenever possible, de-energize electrical equipment before fighting the fire. 电气设备着火时，不得用水来扑灭。如有可能，在灭火前先断电。Enclose and protect all uninsulated conductors. 密封并保护所有未绝缘的导体。Extreme caution must be used when equipment is being operated near power lines. The lines must be de-energized if possible. 当设备在靠近电源线附近作业时，应特别小心。如有可能，切断电源线必须断电。Do not work on electrical equipment when clothing is wet or any part of the body is in contact with water. 当衣服潮湿时，或身体任何部分沾水时和水有了接触，此时不得在电气设备上作业。Do not wear rings, watches or carry other metal objects such as lighters or keys when working on any electrical system. 在任何电气系统上作业时，不得佩戴戒指、手表或携带其它他金属物体，如打火机、钥匙等。 Use only explosion proof electrical equipment in flammable or potentially explosive atmospheres such as confined spaces. 在易燃、易爆环境场所下，如有爆炸危险的封闭空间等，只能使用防爆型电气设备。 Grounding devices should be engineered and installed for each particular site. 特定情况下对于特殊场地，接地装置需要应特别设计和并安装。Any equipment or structurestructure, on which electric charges may accumulate, such as storage tanks, must be grounded. 任何有电荷积聚的设备或结构，如储罐等，必须接地。 Lightning protection must be provided on all tall structures or buildings. 所有的建筑物和构筑物必须有防雷保护。Do not bypass fuse terminals to keep current flowing in any circuit. 不得跨接保险丝要给保险丝设置旁路。Bulbs or lamps must not exceed the allotted voltage for that fixture. Ensure that bulbs are screwed firmly into their sockets. Convenience outlets are not installed on any temporary lighting circuits. 灯泡或灯具不得超过额定电压。确认信灯泡已稳固旋入插槽内。任何临时照明电路上不得安装插座。Personnel should recognize that some equipment, even when unplugged, can still cause an electrical shock if unauthorized access panels are removed during servicing. 人们一般人员应当意识到，某些设备尽管拔掉了插头但仍有触电的可能会。造成触电。6.0EXTENSION CORDS 延长线Be aware that all BYACO/YPEC electrical systemslocations adhere to an “Assured Grounding Program” (refer to Procedure S-04 of this manual). This program stipulates that portable tools, portable equipment and extension cords/cord sets be tagged/coded to indicate when they require re-testing. The user of such equipment and tools is responsible for ensuring that the inspection dates are valid. If in doubt, seek assistance from qualified electricians. 须注意所有电气系统BYACO/YPEC的场所都应遵守安全接地程序（请参照 S-04 程序）。本计划规定所有便携式工具、便携式设备及其延长线等都必须贴上标签并标明下次检测日期。，该类设备和工具的使用者负责确认日期的有效性并注明下次测试日期。如有疑问，向合格电工咨询须寻求帮助。 While the use of extension cords in offices is discouraged, cords less than 3 m that are permanently left in one location are not required to be part of an equipment grounding program. 办公室内不鼓励使用延长线，低于3米且仅在同一地点使用的延长线可不做接地要求。Extension cords in one office shall not be used to supply power to another office, building or adjacent offices. Cords may not be run through doors, windows or ceilings. 办公室内的延长线不得用来给其它他办公室、建筑物或邻近办公室供电。电线不得穿行于门窗或天花板。NOTE: For temporary construction or maintenance, cords and cord sets may be run through open doors or windows provided the door or window is physically blocked or an attendant is present. During that time, the cords shall be physically protected from traffic and abuse.注意：临时施工或维修过程中时，当门窗能被锁上或有人看管时，电线可以穿越过门窗布置，但必须对电线进行保护，以防止交通损坏或不当使用滥用损坏。 Extension cords used to supply power to office equipment or to facilitate connections to multiple outlet power strips shall not exceed 3 m in length. Regardless of length, these cords shall be left in one stationary location and not moved from location to location. Any extension cord greater than ten feet must be tested per equipment grounding conductor programs or used in conjunction with a GFCI. The user of extension cords exceeding ten feet is responsible for complying with the equipment grounding requirements. 给办公室设备或使用的延长线的电线或接线用以增加插线板供电用的延长线电线长度不得超过3米，并且。延长线必须固定在在一个地点使用。，不得移来移去。超过3米的延长线，必须进行接地导体测试，或安装连接GFCI，其使用者应。它的对此负责。Extension cords as well as equipment cords shall not be modified to fit a receptacle. Specifically, ground prongs on cords shall not be modified, removed or fitted with adapters. 不得为了适应插座而修改延长线或插头。具体来讲，电线上的接地端不要改动，拆除或与电源适配器相匹配。Extension cords shall not be overloaded. Care shall be taken to insure that the cord has sufficient capacity to carry the electrical load. Indications of overloads are breakers tripping, receptacles that are warm to the touch, extension cords that are warm or the smell of electrical insulation burning. 延长线不得过载。确保电线容量足够。过载所表现的征兆主要表现在为，电路跳闸，插座摸上去发烫，延长线发烫或绝缘处有烧焦的味道。Extension cords that are frayed or have insulation tears, cracks or abrasions or with bent, 220 broken or “spread” prongs shall not be utilized. Defective prongs can be a source of shock or electrical fires. 延长线破损或绝缘层有破损、破裂、纹、断裂、磨损、弯曲，电线直接插入插座或插脚变形、或尖头“散开”等情况，不得使用。有缺陷的插头可能会造成电击或火灾等。 7.0GROUNDING 接地1.0 With the exception of CCC listed “Double Insulated” equipment (indicated as signal 回), all equipment shall have an equipment grounding conductor that connects the frame of the device being utilized (overhead projector, typewriter, fan, heater, etc.) to the electrical system grounding conductor. 2.0 除了CCC中所列的“双绝缘”设备（以回字符信号表示）外，其它所有设备（如投影仪、打字机、风机、加热器等）都应有一个接地导体，以便从设备（如投影仪、打字机、风机、加热器等）连接到电气系统接地导体上。3.04.0 The equipment ground is required to protect personnel. Equipment shall be grounded or utilize a double insulated system. Ungrounded equipment and tools represent a hazard to personnel. 5.0 把设备进行接地或设备接地或采使用一个双重绝缘是系统用来保护人员安全。未接地的设备和工具会对人员造成伤害。6.07.0 Two prong plugs provided with double insulated equipment shall be installed with the correct plug orientation (polarity). 8.0 双绝缘设备的双脚头插头安装时，应注意插头的方向（正负极）。9.0NOTE: If in doubt, seek the advice of a qualified electrician or immediate super