四级名词词汇.doc

1. abolishment n.abolish vt. 取消, 废除(制度等) abolish slavery 废除奴隶制Bad customs should be abolished. 坏的风俗应当废除。2. abuse vt. 1) 滥用(职权等), 妄用abuse ones privilege 滥用特权2) 辱骂; 污蔑 abuse a friend 辱骂朋友3) 辜负Ill not abuse your hospitality, your kindness. 我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。词性变化 n. 1）辱骂；凌辱A stream of abuse came from his lips. 他说了一些粗话。2）滥用；妄用the abuse of privilege 滥用特权3）虐待subject a child to abuse 虐待小孩4）恶习；不正当行为；弊端reform social of abuses 改良社会恶习3. acqaintance n.1）熟悉, 认识I have no acquaintance with this book. 我不熟悉这本书。2）熟人, 相识a speaking acquaintance 泛泛之交He has a large circle of acquaintances. 他有很多相识的熟人。3）知识, 心得, 感性认识I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well. 我稍懂些英语, 但并不精通。4admirationn.1) 赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕(for) We have a great admiration for the peoples heroes. 我们对人民英雄怀有十分钦佩的心情。2) 人人赞美的人物 The Great Wall of China is the admiration of the world. 中国的万里长城使全世界赞美不已。5. adverse impact 负面影响adverse adj.1) 相反的 an adverse decision 相反的决定2)不利的Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business. 生意不景气,迫使他不得不停业。impact n.1) 冲击(力); 碰撞; 冲突the tremendous impact of the shot 子弹的巨大冲击力2) 效果; 影响 impact of modern science upon society as a whole 现代科学对整个社会的影响习惯用语make a strong impact on 对.有巨大影响 have a strong impact on 对.有巨大影响 have a great impact on 对.有巨大影响 make a great impact on 对.有巨大影响 have a full impact on 对.有巨大影响 make a full impact on 对.有巨大影响6. affection n. 1) 爱; pl. 爱慕 the object of ones affections 所钟爱的人, 意中人2)【心理】感情, 温情 social affection 社会情感3) 疾病事物的属性, 特性rheumatic affection 风湿病secondary affection 继发病(变)7. ambition n.1)野心be full of ambition野心勃勃2)雄心Her ambition was to be a famous singer. 她的理想是成为著名的歌唱家。3)企图,所希望的东西One of his ambitions is to become the President of the Motor General. 他的抱负之一是当通用汽车公司的总裁。8. anecdote n.轶事, 逸话, 奇闻; 短而有趣的故事;pl.秘史9. approach n. 1)走近； 靠近the approach of summer 夏天将至The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天快到了,天气要转冷了。2)途径；通路All approaches were blocked. 所有道路都堵塞了。3)接近；打交道making approaches to strangers 和陌生人打交道4)方法；步骤present a new approach 提出一个新的方法10. art n.1) 美术I am an art student. 我是个学美术的学生。2)艺术艺术品work of art 艺术品3)技巧；技术art of painting 绘画的技巧art of making friends 交友之道4) 诡计11. assessment n.1)评估 评估的款额税额2)看法What is your assessment of the situation? 你对时局的看法如何?12. athlete n.运动员, 体育家; 身强力壮的人athlete s foot 【医】脚气, 脚癣athlete s heart 【医】心脏肥大strength athlete 举重运动员13. barrier n.障碍The police put a barrier across the road. 警察设了路障。14. beneficiacry n.-ries受惠者；受益人15. burden: b:dn n. 负担,重载v. 使负重,装载,烦扰1.Can I ease you of your burden?我能减轻你的负担吗?2. Too much praise is a burden.过多夸奖，反成负担。16. absurdity: bs:diti n. 荒谬,悖理,荒谬的事1. What an exercise in absurdity!这是多么愚蠢的一个训练！2. Your suggestion seems an absurdity to us.我们认为你的建议很荒唐。3. Every absurdity have a champion to defend it.任何谬论都拥有拥护它的斗士。17. achievement: ti:vmnt n. 成就,成绩,完成,达到1.This is quite an achievement.这很了不起。2. Aspiration is achievement .追求就是成就。18. adaptation: ,dptein n. 改编,适应,改编成的作品1. This play is an adaptation of a novel.这一剧本是由小说改编的。2. This is an original play, not an adaptation.这是一本原创剧本，不是改编而成的。3. He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.他很快适应了新的环境。19. adventurer: dventr(r) n. 冒险家,投机者1. He is an adventurer in financial field.他是金融领域的投机者。2. Besides a journalist, Tang is an adventurer as well.除了记者的身份，唐师曾还是一个探险家。3. 1769 James Cook, English adventurer, reached New Zealand. 英国探险家詹姆斯库克到达新西兰。20. adversity: dv:siti . n. 不幸,灾难1. Adversity leads to prosperity.困苦通向昌盛。2. Adversity is a good disciple.逆境是锻炼人的最好场所。3. Adversity is a good discipline.苦难是磨练人的好机会。21. alienation: ,eiljnein n. 疏远,离间,割让1. The boring and repetitive nature of manufacturing jobs has led to the alienation of many workers.无聊又反覆的无聊性质制造业的工作导致许多工人有疏离感。2. Studentsoverloaded burden reflects the reification of children and the alienation of education.摘要学生负担过重这一问题实质上是儿童生命的物化，教育自身的异化。Ecological crisis is the alienation of both the relationship between man and nature and that between man and man.摘要生态危机是人与自然、人与人关系的双重异化。3. The reason of city-alienation is that the matter-purpose has covered the human-purpose and the human nature has yielded to substance-desire.推究城市异化的根由，源于物的目的遮蔽了人的目的，人性屈从于物欲。22. amusement: mju:zmnt n. 娱乐,消遣1. I find amusement in collecting stamps. 我发现了集邮的乐趣。2. The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. 这个旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动。23. apathy: pi n. 缺乏感情或兴趣,冷漠1. He shows apathy towards everything.他对任何事情都很冷淡。2. We should not show apathy towards the poor children.我们不应该对贫穷的孩子漠然不顾。3. After a short burst of enthusiasm, she relapsed into her usual apathy.一阵热情爆发之后，他又回复到往常一样的冷漠了。24. architecture: :kitekt 建筑, 建筑学，体系结构1. The architecture of this house is very substantial.这座房子的结构很牢固。2. He obtained a diploma in architecture.他获得了建筑学的学位证书。5. This church is a classic example of medieval architecture.这座教堂是中世纪建筑风格的典型实例。25. assault: s:lt n. 攻击,突袭1. They made an assault on the enemys position.他们突袭敌人的阵地。2. The court determined that the man was guilty of assault.法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。26. association: ,susiein n. 联合,结合,交往,协会,社团1. Our long association with your company has brought great benefits.我们和你们公司长期的结合已带来了巨大的利益。2. I benefited a lot from my association with him. 我与他交往获益良多。3. The name has many strange association.这名字有许多奇怪的联想。4. What association do you have with the color green? 绿色会使你产生什么联想?5. He was chairman of the students association. 他任学生会主席。27. availability: ,veilbiliti 可用性, 可得到的东西, 可获得性/供货能力1. God does not ask your ability or your inability. He asks only your availability.神从不问你能否胜任,他只问你愿不愿做.2. One push factor is due to pressure on land availability. 其中一个推动因素是因为土地获得的压力。3. There is availability to Toronto on Air Canada on the 11th. 加航班在11日有班机去多伦多。4. Wed like to know your availability and conditions of sale of this line.我们想了解一下你方在这方面的供货能力及销售条件。28. behavior: biheivi . 行为 | 表现 | 性能1. Mom is correcting my behavior. 妈妈正在更正我的行为。2. They scoffed at his behavior. 他们嘲笑他的举止。3. The car behavior is perfect. 该车性能良好.29. budget bdit n. 预算1. A family on a budget cant afford meat every day.经济拮据的家庭不能每天享用肉食。2. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this years budget.人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收。3. Theyll very likely ask for an increase in the budget. 们很可能会要求增加预算。4.its over our budget.它超出了我们的预算。30. campaign: kmpein 战役 | 运动 ; 竞选活动Campaign for the new town.关于新城镇的战役。The anti-drug campaign is paying off.抵制毒品的运动正在奏效。That politician won the presidential election campaign and became the President.那位政治家赢得了总统选举，成为了总统。31. candidate: kndideit n. 候选人,求职者1. What is a political candidate?什麽是政治候选人？2. We rooted for the woman candidate.我们支持那位女候选人。3. The candidate routed his opponent.这位候选人击败了对手。32. capacity: kpsiti n. 容量 | 能力 | 容积1. He is a man of great capacity. 他是个很有能力的人。2. Whats the cubic capacity of this engine? 这台发动机的立体容积是多少？3.The lift has a capacity of 15 persons. 这部电梯的载容量为15 人。33. celebrity: silebriti . n. 名人, 著名,著名人士, 名声, 名誉, 社会名流1. She is a political celebrity. 她是个政界名人.34. character: krikt n. 字符 | 性格 | 人物1. He is firm in character. 他性格坚强。2. I wish this book was written in bigger character. 我希望这本书的字再大一点儿。3. How attractive is your character? 你的角色有多吸引力？4. Why not choose a comedy character? 或者还不如选择轻松的喜剧人物更好？35. characteristic: ,kriktristik n. 特性,特征,特色.1. Sympathy is the feeling characteristic（形容词） of mankind. （be characteristic of ）同情心是人类特有的感情。2. Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen.雄心勃勃是所有成功生意人的共同特点。3. Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实。4. People think crying is womens characteristic. 人们认为爱哭是女人的特点.36.charm: t:m n. 吸引力,魔力,魅力1. He was attracted by her charm. 他被她的魅力吸引。37. clerk: kl:k; kl:k n. 职员,办事员1. The bank clerk peered at the customer through/from behind the grille.银行的职员从格栅後面看著顾客.2. I make$600 take-home pay a month as a clerk.我作店员每个月实得工资600美元。3. Clerk: Three dollars a pound. 售货员：一磅三美元。4. Checkout Clerk: Is that all? 收银员：就这些吗？38. cohesion: kuhi:n n. 凝聚力,团结1. Solidarity is power, cohesion is hope. 团结就是力量，凝聚产生希望。2. At present, it is of great importance to improve the cohesion of Chinese Nation.在当代，提升中华民族凝聚力具有十分重要的价值。39. colleague: kli:g n. 同事 1. This is my colleague, Mr. Lee. 这是我的同事，李先生。40. collectivism: klektivizm n. 集体主义,集产主义西方文化里要多说“Thank You!”和“Sorry”：集体主义(Collectivism)是中国传统文化的重要特征，具体而言体现在许多方面，如：吃饭时共吃一盘菜、喝酒时劝酒，也没有西方人那种强烈的隐私观念，在这一文化氛围里，人们在获得帮助时(尤其是从好朋友或家人那里)，往往不大提“谢谢”这两个字；同时在给对方带来不便时往往也不太会去道歉。而在以个体主义为导向(Individualism-Oriented)的西方文化里，人们在接受到一丁点帮助 (即使是家人之间)时都会说谢谢；在给他人造成一点点麻烦或不便时都会说对不起。“谢谢”和“对不起”可以说一天到晚都挂在他们的嘴边。了解这一差异对跨文化商务沟通尤其重要，否则，在西方人眼里不太习惯说“Thank You!”、“Sorry!”的中国商务人士会显得不够礼貌。41.comfort kmft n. 舒适,安慰,安慰者1. Its a comfort to be with you. 与你在一起使人得到安慰。2. We could give him no comfort . 我们无法给他安慰。42. commercial: km:l n. 商业广告Lets do a dry run of the commercial again. 让我们再做一次商业广告的彩排。43. commercialization: k,m:laizein n.商业化 | 商品化 | 商品化，商品化能力Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system software.许多程序员对系统软件的商业化感到不悦。44. commodity: kmditi n. 商品,日用品Time is a precious commodity to them. 他们认为时间是一项珍贵商品。45. companion: kmpnjn n. 同伴 | 同伴,朋友,伴侣 | 伴侣 She is my constant companion. 她是我始终如一的伴侣。46. conformity: knf:miti n. 适合,一致,相似 This is not in conformity with our policy. 这种做法不符合我们的政策。47. consensus: knsenss n. 一致,合意, Can we reach a consensus on this issue? 我们能在这个问题上取得共识吗?48. consultation: ,knsltein n. 请教,谘询,协议会1. One privilege is financing consultation. 一个好处是理财咨询。49. consumption: knsmpn n. 消费 | 消耗 | 消费，消耗量 1. I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内2. Internet shopping is a new way of consumption.网上购物是当今消费的一种新途径。50. content: kntent 内容 | 含量 | 目次1. I like the style of his writing but I dont like the content.我喜欢他的写作风格，但是不喜欢他的内容。2. He is quite content with his present fortune. be content with （对某事感到知足，满意）他对自己目前的境遇颇为得意。51. contentment: kntentmnt . n. 满足 Happiness lies in contentment. 知足常乐.52. contribution: ,kntribju:n n. 贡献；捐款1He has made an important contribution to the companys success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。2All contribution, however small, will be greatly appreciated.所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。53. correlation: ,krilein n. 相互关系,相关,关连1Are you familiar with their correlation? 你了解他们的相互关系吗？2. There is a close correlation between climate and crops. 气候和作物之间有密切的相关性。54. costume: kstju:m, -tju:m n. 服装,剧装1. This traditional costume is of indigo blue.这件传统服装是靛蓝色的。2. What costume will you be wearing this year? 你今年打算装扮成什麽呢？55. creativity: ,kri:eitivti n. 创造力,创造Inspire their creativity. 激发他们的创造力。56. criteria: kraitiri n. 标准1. What are the criteria for deciding (ie How do we decide) who gets the prize?评定获奖者以什麽作标准?3. Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life.能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准.57. cruelty: kru:lti n. 残酷,野蛮,残酷的行为1. His cruelty kindled our anger. 他的残暴引起我们愤怒。58. customer: kstm n. 顾客1. The new store across the road has taken away most of my customers.路那边的那家新店抢走了我的许多主顾。59. cybercrime 网路犯罪 | 计算机犯罪 | 犯罪A cybercrime unit was added in 1998.1998年成立一机构用于打击网络犯罪。60. depression: dipren n. 沮丧 | 萧条 | 低沉1. He sank into a deep depression. 他陷入很深的沮丧中。2. He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑郁症。61. deprivation: ,deprivein n. 剥夺; 剥夺官职,免职1. Missing the holiday was a great deprivation . 错过假日是极大的损失.2. The deprivation of his citizenship shocked him. 被剥夺公民权这一做法令他很吃惊。62. descendant: disend()nt n. 子孙,后代1. He is a descendant of Queen Victoria. 他是维多利亚女王的后裔。63. deterioration: di,tirirein n. 恶化,降低,退化1. This sped the deterioration of health. 这加速健康日益恶化。2. This sped the deterioration of our relationship. 这加速我们关系日益恶化。64. detour di:t(r); (US) ditr n. 绕路,便道1. We had to make a detour round the floods. 我们为避开洪水得绕道而行.65. developed countries 发达国家66. developing countries 发展中国家67. digestion: didestn, daidestn n. 消化A good walk aids digestion. 好好散步可帮助消化。68. dignity digniti n. 尊严1. She bears herself with dignity. 她举止庄重大方。69. discipline: disiplin n. 纪律 | 规程 | 纪律，学科，训练，训导，管教1. The teacher cant keep discipline in her class. 那位老师无法维持教室纪律。2. The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. 孩子们在学校里很快活，但很散漫。70. discomfort: diskmft n. 不便之处,不适The wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort.伤口并不严重,但可能会引起一些不舒适。71. discontent: diskntent n. 不满He tried to sow discontent among us. 他企图在我们中间散布不满情绪。72. discrimination: dis,kriminein n. 歧视We strongly oppose race discrimination. 我们强烈反对种族歧视。73. disgust: disgst n. 厌恶,嫌恶 The smell filled me with disgust. 这股气味使我作呕。74. disorder: dis:d n. 杂乱,混乱The meeting finished in disorder. 会议结束时一片混乱。75. disorientation: dis,:rintein n. 方向知觉的丧失,迷惑Other symptoms include loss of speech, disorientation and apathy.其他的症状还包括语言表达能力的丧失、方向知觉的丧失和冷漠。76. disposition: dispzin n. 性情,处置1. The child had a placid disposition. 这个孩子性情温和。 77. distraction: distrkn n. 娱乐,分心的事物,分心1. Fishing is his major distraction. 钓鱼是他主要的休閒娱乐。2. E-mails can be a habitual distraction. 电子邮件能让你养成分心的习惯。78. diversity: daiv:siti n. 差异,多样性1. What Determines Species Diversity? 是什么决定了物种的差异？79. domain: dumein n. 领域The kitchen is my wifes domain, she doesnt like me going into it.厨房是我妻子的领地，她不愿让我进去。80. duplication: ,dju:plikein n. 副本,复制1. We must avoid wasteful duplication of effort. 我们必须避免无谓的重复劳动.81. duration: djurein n. 持续,持久What is the duration of the lease? 请问要签约多久呢?82. economy: i(:)knmi n. 节约,经济1. The war disrupted the economy. 战争扰乱了经济。2. All economy is economy of time. 所有的节俭都是时间的节省。83. employee: ,emplii:, implii n. 雇员He is an employee of the company. 他是这家公司的一名雇员。84. employer: impli n. 雇主The employer sweated his workers. 雇主让他的工人死命干活。85. endeavor: indev n. 努力,尽力Success is in need of much endeavor. 成功需要很多的努力。86. enjoyment: indimnt n. 享受The music added to our enjoyment. 音乐使我们更加愉快。87. enthusiasm: inju:zizm n. 热情,热心Dont chill their enthusiasm. 不要对他们的热情泼冷水。88. equality: i(:)kwliti n. 同等,平等True love is built on equality. 真爱是基于双方平等的关系。89. evaluation: i,vljuein n. 估价,评价The opinion derived from such an evaluation. 诊断结果由这种评价取得的结论90. expectation: ,ekspektein n. 期待,期望What is your salary expectation? 你对薪水的要求是什么？91 exhibition: ,eksibin n. 展览,展览会How do you like the exhibition? 你认为展览怎样 ？92. exploration: ,ekspl:rein n. 探险,踏勘,探测The Elizabethan age was a time of exploration and discovery.英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代是探索和发现的时代.93. export eksp:t 输出,出口Oil is Nigerias staple export. 石油是尼日利亚首要的出口产品。94. favor feiv n. 好意,喜爱1. Would/Could you do me a favor? 能请你帮个忙吗？2. Are you in favor of his opinion? 你会赞成他的意见吗？95. feature: fi:t n. 特征,容貌Her eyes are her best feature. 她的眼睛是她容貌最美的一部分。96. fidelity fideliti n. 忠实,诚实,忠诚Fidelity is the sister of justice. 忠贞是正义的姊妹。97. flexibility ,fleksbiliti n. 灵活性,柔韧性Plan ahead but maintain flexibility. 事前计划是好的，但要保持灵活。98. forefather f:,f: n. 祖先One of his forefathers was an early settler in America. 他的祖先之一是美洲的早期移民。99. freedom fri:dm n. 自由100. frustration frstrein n. 打破,挫折,顿挫How do you handle frustration? 你如何处理挫折？101. gallery glri n. 美术馆,画廊Her collection of paintings was bequeathed to the National Gallery when she died.她去世时，她的全部藏画都遗赠给了国家美术馆。102. garment g:mnt n. 衣服That woman is a garment worker. 那位妇人是一位制衣工人。103. goodwill gdwil n. 善意,亲切,友好； 商誉,信誉.Goodwill is an invisible asset to a business.友好关系对于一桩生意来 说是一种无形的资产.104. grace greis n. 优雅,雅致,魅力,恩惠,慈悲She performed on the balance beam with much grace.她在平衡木上表演得非常优美。105. graduate grdjueit, -dueit n.毕业生He is a graduate in medicine. 他是医科毕业生。106. guardian g:djn n. 保护人,监护人The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child.法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益.107. halt h:lt n. 停止,立定,休息The car come to a halt. 汽车停了下来。108. hardship h:d,ip n. 艰难,困苦 There is no success without hardship.没有艰辛的努力就不会成功。109. heritage heritid n. 遗产,继承物 We must conserve our national heritage.我们必须注意保护自己的民族遗产110. horizon hraizn n. 地平线The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到地平线上。111. hostility hstiliti n. 敌意I have no hostility towards anyone. 我对任何人都没有敌意。112. humanity hju(:)mniti n. 人性;人道;慈爱U We sho