book5 unit 4 单词讲解.docVIP

Unit 4 Book 51. Journalist Journal： n. 日报，杂志；日记；区别journey n.旅行; 行程2. involve使专心于；使忙于；使从事于。1) 只作为及物动词，后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语.2) 常用于被动语态 be involved in st/doing st就是最典型的用法: He is involved in research他忙于研究, He was involved in working out a plan. 他专心致志地制订计划。 All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。Dont involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。 2)只要你掌握了以下几个固定表达,相信就基本上掌握了这个词的用法: (become)be involved in sth/doing sth 包含在.; 与.有关; 被卷入; 专心地(做) be involved with sth/doing sth 涉及 get involved with sth/doing sth 给.缠住 3. editor edit编 + -or者actor4. administrator管理者 vt. administrate5. ancestor祖先nsist以-or结尾的名词assessorses技术顾问，估价员，陪审法官 conductor指挥列车长 creator创造者，创作者governor统治者，州长，董事，理事 investor投资者 sailor海员，水手 visitor游客，访问者6. photograph n. 照片，vt/vi 给拍照 I wonder what she photographs like.我不知道她在照片上是什么模样。Photographed graph n.图表, 曲线图， telegraph电报，电信7. unforgetable（）v.ableadj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能的”、“可以（被）的”、“适 合于的”、“值得的”等，即有被动含义。例如：reliable（可以依靠的） drinkable（可以饮用的 ） eatable（可食用的） washable(耐洗的,可洗的) movable (可移动的) readable(可读的) adjustable可调节的 adaptable(可适应的)（）n.ableadj. 这种形容词意为“具有特点的”，例如：valuable（有价值的） reasonable（ 有道理的） comfortable（舒适的） knowledegable(有见识的，） Un-前缀表示相反的含义，1) un+v. 前缀表示相反动作如unbutton 解开纽扣 undo 解开，松开 unlock 开锁，揭露 unpack解开包裹 unfold 展开2) un+adj. 表示相反状态Unknown 未知的 unsafe 不安全的 unpleasant使人不愉快的 untrue 不真实的 unmarried未婚的8. assignment作业，工作，任务 She gladly accepted the assignment. (分派的任务;工作)The English assignment is a book report. (课外作业，功课)v. assign 指派, 选派 如 assign sb. to do 分配某人做某事The captain assigned two soldiers to guard the gate.上尉派了两个士兵守大门。He assigned some of the students to read a few books.他指派几个学生读一些书。-ment一般为名词后缀，如argu ment amusement department development equipment employment environ ment govern ment improv ement instrument judgment management measurement monument movement payment requirement settlement treatment9. delighted adj. 1.高兴的；愉快的；快乐的 be delighted at : Im delighted at your success.我为你的成功感到高兴。 Be delighted with对感到高兴be delighted to do be delighted thatv. / n. delight delight in 喜欢; 以为乐She delights in him.她喜欢他。He delights in music.他喜爱音乐。Jacelin seems to delight in making other people suffer.杰斯林似乎以使他人痛苦为乐。delight oneself with 以自娱 delight with 因而使(某人)高兴; 喜爱He delighted himself with his success.他因自己的成功而兴奋。My mother is delighted with my sister.我妈妈很喜欢我妹妹。delightful adj. 令人愉快的 表示高兴地还有happy glad pleased joyful cheerful 10. admirable behaviour is always admirable.他的行为很令人钦佩。adj.令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的类似的含有还有wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great词根：admire vt.adj. admired 受人钦佩的；感到羡慕的 admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的adv. admirablydmrbli 美好地，极好地；令人钦佩地n. admiration,dmren 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；赞美 admirerdmar 爱慕者；赞赏者；钦佩者11. unusual 1) un+v. 前缀表示相反动作如unbutton 解开纽扣 undo 解开，松开 unlock 开锁，揭露 unpack解开包裹 unfold 展开2) un+adj. 表示相反状态Unknown 未知的 unsafe 不安全的 unpleasant使人不愉快的 untrue 不真实的 unmarried未婚的12. assist sistvt. 习惯用语assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to his feet搀扶某人站起来assistant13. submit vt提交They submit only the data model. 它们只提交数据模型vi服从，后常接to 如 I will submit to nobody. 我不会屈服于任何人。The minority should submit to the majority. 少数应服从多数。 submit oneself to sb. 使服从某人 , 使顺从某人 ,使屈服某人 Should you submit yourself to him?你应该顺从他吗? 14. profession 1）Profession指需要专门技能的职业如医生，律师，教师等 2） occupation 指填写在表格上的职业，既做可数名词也做不可数名词。3）job 指任何有报酬的工作，属于普通用词。4）work 指任何工作或体力脑力劳动professional 专业的 a professional photographer 一位专业摄影师 eager (keen, anxious) adj. 热切的；渴望的 后常接(after, about, for) be eager to do sth 渴望做某事be eager for/ about/ after sth be eager that +从句 The boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于获得成功。 He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去见他的女朋友。 The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody. 商店里的那个女售货员总是十分殷勤,希望使人人满意。 【习惯用语】 be eager for 渴望, 渴求, 争取 be eager about 渴望, 渴求, 争取 be eager after 渴望, 渴求, 争取 。 类似的短语还有be anxious to do 急切地做某事 be anxious about/for 为担忧 be curious about 对感到好奇 be curious to do 极想做 be keen about/on喜爱。 ，对。着迷 be keen to do 极想做。 ， 渴望。eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的”。 eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的”, 有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”, 如: He was eager to see her. 他渴望见到她。 keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”, 如: They were keen to win. 他们急于取胜。 anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”, 如: lm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的结果。 eagerly adv. eagernessi:nis n.concentrate8. Concentrate on sth./doing sth. concentrate on= be absorbed in 聚精会神 We should concentrate on our study.Tom is concentrating on fishing.updateacquire 区别 acquire; get; gain1) acquire: 多用于通过不断地学和问而慢慢地获取学问，技术，智力能力等较抽象的东西。如he spent years acquiring his skills as a surgeon2) abtain: 有直通尤指通过自身的努力技能或工作而获得期望已久的东西。如 he obtained a prize he had been working for. 3）gain: 含义较obtain 更进一层，表示经过更大的努力才能获得，估常翻译为“赢得”（成绩，利益或好处）assess Teaching assess教学评估 表示vt.评定；估价；还有 evaluate, ivljueit rate, assessor 评审员，估价员 assessment n. 评价，评定，评估inform词组短语 同近义词 同根词 inform against 检举；告发 inform of 通知；报告 inform about 告发；通知；告诉 词根：informadj. informative 教育性的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的informed 消息灵通的；见多识广的informal 非正式的；不拘礼节的；通俗的；日常使用的n. informer 告密者；通知者；控告人interviewee有些名词以 -ee 结尾含被动意义 (以-er , -or 结尾却含主动意义) 。如： trainee受训者(trainer训练员)，employe(e)雇员(employor雇主)，addressee收件人 (addresser, addressor发件人) ，rejectee被弃者 (rejecter抛弃者) 等。meanwhile4.meanwhile adv. 此时 同时Theyll be here soon. Meanwhile well have some coffee. 他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。 Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 与此同时,我的舌头忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。 Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. 与此同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。 Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V. 简在写信，而在此同时帕特在看电视。 12. Meanwhile=in the meanwhile =in the meantime =at the same timeMother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the housedepend on 1) It depends 2) depend on sb. / sth. for sth 依靠某人/某物 获得某物 All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳.3）depend on sb. to do / doing sth.指望某人做某事 如You cant depend on your enemy to help you. 你不能指望你的敌人来帮助你。注意，depend on 后不能直接跟宾语从句，需先接形式宾语it，然后把真正的宾语从句置后，如 you may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心，TOM会帮助你学习英语的。类似的用法还有see to ,注意，负责 answer for 对负责 rely on 依靠，依赖 insist on 坚持，坚决要求， stick to 坚持 如 Ill see to it that everything is ready in time . 我将负责及时做好一切准备。Depend on +人 翻译为“依靠，指望”， depend on +物 一般翻译为“依而定”case n.事；事例Case1).He thought he had solved the problem , but that was not the case.2).Here is a case of being careless.3).We will look into that case.in case of sth. 如果,万一in that/this case 在那样/这样情况下，既然这样/那样as is often the case(with) 对是常有的事in no case 决不（置于句首时，句子采用倒桩结构）in any case 无论如何in case + 从句 以防;可能；倘若Take an umbrella in case it rains. (in case 从句常用一般现在时表将来, 或should+do)This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty. 这只是个愚蠢的例子,并非不诚实。 情形；场合；状况 Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on the bus, I answered. 唉,那样的话,我宁愿留在车上啦,我回答说。 a case of poverty 穷苦的情形 病症；病例 This is a case of fever. 这是一发烧的病例。 案件；诉讼 a difficult case to prove 一个很难办的案子 In this case Im acting for my friend Mr Smith. 我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。 The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow. 据说怀特先生被起诉一案定于明天开庭。 The case was settled out of court. 这案件在庭外解决。 事实；实情 The police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。 Is that the case? No, thats not the case. 事实是那样吗?不,事实并非如此。 【习惯用语】in case假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 in case of假如；如果；万一 In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。 in any case无论如何,不管怎样 in no case 决不；无论如何不in that case 如果是那样的话 in this case 假如这样的话in the case of 就.来说, 关于 case:in case +句子 以防，万一in case of +n/n短语 以防，万一in no case 决不（放在句首要部分倒装）in any case 不管怎样in this/ that case 如果这样/那样accuse6.accuse vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控accuse sb. of sth. =charge sb. with sth.The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。 Mary was accused as an accomplice. 玛丽被指控为同谋犯。 accuse/charge accuse sb. of sth= charge sb. with sth指控某人做某事两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。【常用搭配】in charge of 主管,看管in(under)the charge of 在的掌管下charge sb.with 指控某人charge(sb.)(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付.(钱)买某物take charge 开始管理,接管deliberatelyso as (to do) 18. so as to do sth. 只能在句末so as to为了 (不能放在句首)= in order to do sth.=so that + 从句 = in order that + 从句 I got up at five so as to catch the train= deny7.deny vt. denied, denying 否认；否定；拒绝相信 He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。 背弃；摒弃 He denied his country. 他背弃了自己的国家。 拒绝；不给；不予；不允许 He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。 【习惯用语】 deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃 deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒绝”的意思。 deny指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”,如: He denied the charge. 他否认了控告。 deny doing(否认做过某事)；deny sb. sth(拒绝给某人某物)。Deny+that从句decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”,如: He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse 系普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”, 如: He refused to take the money. 他拒绝接受此款。 reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”(指通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝), 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。如: They rejected damaged goods. 他们拒收损坏的货物。He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。dilemma习惯用语be in a dilemma 左右为难place sb. in a dilemma 使某人处于进退两难的境地put sb. in a dilemma 使人左右为难; 使人进退两难=put sb. into a dilemma 使人左右为难; 使人进退两难demand v. I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要约翰马上去那儿。This work demands your patience.这项工作需要你的耐心。 demand , rquire , 这组动词的一般含义是“要求”。 1) demand 的含义是“强烈要求”；如果主语是人，这个词的含义可以解释为“据权要求”；如果主语是物，这个词的含义可以解释为“需要”或“要求” 注：demand和require 的宾语从句用虚拟语气2) require 虽然有时可以与demand换用，但是require 的确切含义应当是“对所要求的事”要绝对服从，或者说这种“要求”带有法律或规章的强迫性3) 【说明】 demand 后接不定式, 不能接动名词; 被要求的人作为宾语时用of引出, 如: I demanded an answer of him. 我要求他答复。后面从句中的动词用虚拟语气如: I demand that one of you (should) go there at once. 我要求你们中间一人立即到那里去!习惯用语in (great) demand 需要量很大; 许多人都需要make demands of 对.提出要求; 有求于=make demands on 对.提出要求; 有求于meet the demand 满足需要; 符合要求demand of sb.向某人要求; 向某人索取 n. It is our demand that she should go there.她到那里去是我们的要求。demanding adj.很费心的, 很费力的This job is very demanding.这项工作很费力。imaginative形容词 adj.1.富于想像力的; 运用想像力的 The imaginative child made up fairy stories.这个想像力丰富的孩子自己编神话故事。Fairy tales are imaginative.神仙故事都是幻想的。同义词imaginary imaginative imaginable 意思都含“想象的”。imaginary指“想象的”、“虚构的”, 如:Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are imaginary.虽然小说里的人物写得栩栩如生, 但都是虚构的。imaginative指“ 富于想象力的”, 如:Scott was an imaginative writer.司格特是位富于想象力的作家。imaginable 指“可想象的”, 常放在名词后面, 前加 all, only, every 或最高级形容词, 如:This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一想得出的解决办法。try every means imaginable试用一切可能的办法crime n.罪，罪行 criminal n. 罪犯 形容词 adj. 1.刑事的, 犯罪的 2.可耻的; 不道德的criminal cases刑事案件criminal act犯罪行为criminal law刑法editionahead of Ahead of us stretches a forest.我们前面是一片森林。ahead of time 提前We completed the work five days ahead of time.我们提前五天完成工作。department the State Department美国务院 department store百货商店（公司）accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 accurately adv. accurateness n. an accurate answer 准确的答案 Is this watch accurate? 这只表准吗? 【参考词汇】 accurate /correct /exact 均含“正确的”意思。 accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确”, 指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 如: She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她对事故做了准确的描述。 correct 为一般用语, 指“正确的”, 指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 如: He gave correct answers to the questions. 他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。 correct vt. 改正；纠正 Please correct this mistake. 请改正这个错误。 exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”, 语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差。如: His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。 The exact date of the event has escaped me. 我记不起这起事件的确切日期了。 proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。如：do sth. the proper way 以适当的方式做某事 Appropriate“正确的；适当的”，指适合于特殊的人及场合，地位等。强调自然具备适宜的性质。如： an appropriate exa