Beware the dirty seas.doc

BEWARE THE DIRTY SEAS当心肮脏的海洋-杰弗里 利恩 1Every year 100 million holiday-makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one-third of the worlds tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.每年都有一千万的渡假者到地中海去度假，这里占去了世界旅游业的三分之一，是最受欢迎的度假胜地，但与此同时，它也成了受污染最严重的地方。It has only 1 per cent of the worlds sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea.虽然地中海仅占全球海洋面积的百分之一，但在它的海面上却漂浮着全球海面一半以上的汽油和焦油。成千上万的工厂将他们排放的有毒物质倾人地中海，而且几乎每一个靠地中海海岸的城市、城镇和乡村也都把未经处理的污水排到海里。The result is that the Mediterranean, which 1nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill - the first of the seas to 2fall victim to 3the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely 4stifle the life of the sea - it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores.其结果导致孕育了高度文明的地中海周围环境极其恶劣 第一个由于人们对其利用能力的增强和对其环境污染的忽视态度而受害的海洋。这种污染不仅使海洋生物感到窒息，而且对于那些居住在地中海周围并喜欢游赏海滨的人们也是一个威胁。4Typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.伤寒、副伤寒、痢疾、小儿麻痹症、病毒性肝炎和食物中毒是这个地区的常见病，并且还会引发阶段性的霍乱。5The mournful litany of disease is caused by sewage. Eighty-five per cent of the waste from the Mediterraneans 120 coastal cities is pushed into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.这种恶疾的反复爆发是由下水道污水造成的。地中海的120 个海滨城市中85 的垃圾被倾人到供居民们和参观者游泳嬉戏 钓鱼的水域，而且，大多数城市直接将其废物倾倒在海滩上，实际上很少有像坎城和特拉维夫那样用管道把废物抽到离海岸半英里的地方。6Less than 100,000 of Greeces four million coastal people have sewage properly treated and Greece, as our map shows, is one of the cleaner countries of the northern shore. 在希腊，生活在海滨城市的人有四百万，但只有不到十万的人将他们的污水进行适当处理。正如我们的地图所显示的那样，希腊还算是北方海岸比较干净的国家之一。What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6?SA: He wants to tell his readers in Paragraph 6 that because of mans irresponsibility and indifference towards environmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.7The worst parts of the sea are the Israeli / Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which flushes out over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its length.叫最糟糕的则要数以色列及黎巴嫩海滨和巴赛罗那与热那亚之间的海洋部分，那里每年会向其海岸线的每一英里倾倒200 多吨的污水。8Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesnt take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.一点也不感到惊奇的是，大面积的浅水区都滋生着细菌，而它们接触到人并不需要花费太多的时间。皇家自由医院的威兼 布鲁佛特教授曾经计算过任何到地中侮游泳的人都会有七分之一感染疾病的可能。其他科学家说这种估计过高，但几乎所有的人都同意游泳者是在冒险。9An even greater danger 5lurks in the seductive seafood dishes tbat add much interest to holiday menus. Shellfish are prime carriers of many of the most vicious diseases of the areas.在那些诱人的、为假日的菜单增色不少的海鲜中还隐藏着一种更大的危险。贝类水生物是本地区大部分恶性疾病最主要的携带者。10They often grow amid pollution. And even if they dont they are frequently infected by the popular practice of freshening them up - throwing filthy water over them in markets.他们通常在污染中生长，而且即使不是这样，他们也会被“使它们变得新鲜一些”这一普遍做法所污染 在市场里它们身上被卖主拨上脏水以保持鲜活。11Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.工业也加重了地中海的污染。海岸线上，工厂密密匝匝，即使是最现代化的工厂也鲜有合适的污物处理设备。他们对海洋造成的损害同污水造成的差不多。12Fifteen thousand factories 7foul the Italian Ligurian 6riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Yyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The 8lagoon of Venice alone receives the 9effluents of.76 factories.15 , 000 家工厂污染着意大利利古里亚的沿海游憩胜地。60 , 。00 家工厂污染着撤丁岛和西西里岛之间的第勒尼安海，以及西部的意大利海滨！仅威尼斯的礁湖就遭受着76 个工厂废水的污染。13More filth comes washing down the rivers from industries far inland. The PO and the Rhone are the dirtiest, followed by the Ebro and the Llobregat in Spain, by the Adige and the Tiber in Italy, and by the. Nile.更多的污物来自于内陆工业，自河流冲人到这里。波河和罗纳河是最脏的，其次就是西班牙的埃布罗河、巴塞罗那，意大利的阿迪杰河和台伯河，再就是尼罗河。14Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields into the sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, flushed out to sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime.数千吨的杀虫剂从田间流人海里；数以百万的洗涤剂从洗碗槽中流出，毒死了海鱼；被冲到海里的肥料，滋养了海里的浮游生物并使其数量激增，它们粘在游泳者身上，成为一层令人发痒的猫液。15Then there is the oil - 350,000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the shore. Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic, 40 times as bad as the north-east Pacific.还有就是汽油 每年有350 , 000 吨废油从船上倒人海里，还有ns , 00 多吨来自于海岸周围的工业。最近的研究显示地中海的油污染是北大西洋的四倍，是东北太平洋的40 倍。16Apart from the nine-mile-wide Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean is 10landlocked, virtually unable to 11cleanse itself. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narrow, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the 12remorseless rush of pollution.除了九英里宽的直布罗陀海峡之外，地中海完全被陆地包围，因此它实际上不具备自洁功能。因为海峡既窄且浅，地中海需要80 年才能完成水循环进行自洁，这个过程太缓慢，远远跟不上无情的污染大势肆虐的进程。17Weak coastal currents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore and gently spin floating oil and tar towards the beaches. And the seas feeble tides can do little to help remove it.海边的浪花无力地拍打着海岸，冲不走岸边的污水和工业废料，浪花轻轻地打着旋，把浮着汽油与焦油的海水冲向海滩。18 0f course, the people of the Mediterranean have always used the sea for their wastes. The canals of Venice, the waters of the Bosphorus and the sea off the Nile Delta have been health hazards for centuries.很自然，地中海的人们也总是利用海洋来处理他们的废物。威尼斯运河、博斯普鲁斯海峡和尼罗河三角洲一带的水域，几个世纪以来一直威胁着人们的健康。19But the population has increased round the shores to 100 million and a further 100 million tourists come annually. The population of the French and