CASS法设计总说明.doc

华北科技学院毕业设计设计总说明随着我国社会经济的发展，水资源短缺问题日益突出。发展“污水处理回用”以实现“水资源的可持续利用”已被明确写入“国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要”中。作为污水处理回用的一个重要组成部分，在住宅小区建设中水系统已经提上了各级政府相关职能部门的议事日程。 2001年6月，六枝特区规划委员会、建设委员会、市政管理委员会联合发布关于加强中水设施建设管理的通告，确定了建筑面积在5万m2以上，或可回收水量大于150m3/d的居住区和集中建筑区必须建设中水设施。 据报道，从2003年12月1日起开始实施的六枝特区住宅建设中水供水系统技术规定中明确规定，六枝特区新建住宅必须按照规定设计并使用中水供水管道或自循环中水处理系统，未按规定实施住宅中水供水系统的工程，将不予竣工备案。另外，随着市政自来水水价的不断提高和相关政策法规的陆续出台，使投资中水设施已具备了初步的经济动力。因此，建设管理中水处理设施，将是房地产开发商及物业管理公司未来必须面对的一个课题，而经济、有效、安全的处理并使用中水，使投资商在最大限度节水，满足社会效益的同时，产生最大的经济效益，将是政策制定及技术研究的重要内容。1.设计题目桃园小区污水处理及中水回用工程（CASS法）2.设计内容及原则2.1设计内容污水处理厂工艺设计流程设计说明一般包括以下内容:（1）根据小区的总体规划或现状与设计方案选择处理厂厂址；（2）处理厂工艺流程设计说明；（3）处理构筑物型式选型说明；（4）处理构筑物或设施的设计计算；（5）主要辅助构筑物设计计算；（6）主要设备设计计算选择；（7）污水厂总体布置（平面或竖向）及管线综合布置；（8）处理构筑物、主要辅助构筑物、非标设备设计图绘制；（9）编制主要设备材料表。2.2设计原则（1）贯彻执行国家关于环境保护的政策，符合国家的有关法规、规范及标准。（2）从小区的实际情况出发，在符合其总体规划的前提下，使工程建设与小区的建设相协调，及保护环境，又最大程度地发挥工程效益。（3）根据设计进水水质和出厂水质要求，所选污水处理工艺力求技术先进、成熟、处理效果好、运行稳妥可靠、高效节能、经济合理、确保污水处理效果，减少工程投资及日常运行费用。（4）妥善处理和处置污水处理过程中产生的栅渣和污泥，避免造成二次污染。（5）采用现代化技术手段，实现自动化控制和管理，做到技术可靠、经济合理。（6）为保证污水处理系统正常运转，供电系统需有较高的可靠性。采用双回路电源，且污水厂运行设备有足够的备用率。3. 设计背景资料3.1 特区地理位置情况六枝特区地处贵州西部，是“中国凉都”和“江南煤都”六盘水市的东大门，系“三线建设”时期由原“六枝特区”与“郎岱县”合并而成，距省会贵阳172km，距六盘水市中心城区98km。东连镇宁、普定两县，南接关岭，西靠水城，北抵织金、纳雍，西南与晴隆、普安两县接壤。南北长61km，东西宽56km，土地面积1792km2，辖5个镇14个乡，总人口64.86万人，其中，非农业人口12.91万人，占总人口的20.33%。境内居住有汉、彝、苗、布依、仡佬等32个民族，少数民族人口占区域总人口的30.52%六枝特区处于三岔河及北盘江两水系上游的分水岭地带，境内河流分别流入长江和珠江水系，大小河流共40余条。其中长10km以上的河流有25条，河流总长度361.20km。五指山主脉的老、马大山老黑山，是境内的主要分水岭，北部为三岔河流域，属长江水系，南部为北盘江流域，属珠江水系。3.2 特区气候及气温状况六枝特区属北亚热带季风气候，总的气候特征是：冬春长、夏秋短，雨热同季。气候温凉湿暖，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑。光、热、水的地域差异明显。每年的四季以平均气温10和22作为临界温度。平均气温高于22的持续期为夏，低于10的持续期为冬，介于10一22之间的为春、秋季。小区位于挑花湖东侧，地势东高西低，全年主导风向北偏东，年平均风速不超过3m/s，静风频率23%。每年的四季以平均气温10和22作为临界温度。平均气温高于22的持续期为夏，低于10的持续期为冬，介于10一22之间的为春、秋季。根据19571984年气象资料分析，年平均气温为14.6，年际变化一般在13.5一15.2之间，变幅为1.7 。3.3 特区对于小区污水处理的政策及要求六枝特区是贵州省的一个经济开发区，由于城市发展，造成地下水资源受到污染严重，地下水的开采导致地下水位下降、泉水枯竭、地面塌陷等环境问题。随着经济的快速发展，环境污染问题也日益突出，水体环境污染导致的水资源的匮乏问题已经引起了人们的高度关注。特区制定相应的管理方法，决定从2010年开始强制中水回用：凡城市规划区内的新建、扩建、改建项目，都必须配套建设中水设施，这些设施项目的主体工程和节水措施要同时设计、同时施工、同时使用。已建成小区也要做出规划，逐步配套建设中水设施。据测算，如果普遍采用中水设施，特区最多可节约50%的生活用水。3.4污水水质状况和回用标准桃园小区作为特区的一个高档住宅小区也应该建设一个污水处理及中水回用的工程。小区紧临桃花湖，居住人口3.5万。按照特区要求及为了保护小区优美环境，建设小区污水处理厂，主要处理来自住宅区的全部生活污水，要求处理后的水作为中水回用，包括喷洒马路、浇灌花卉、冲厕用水及洗车等用水。小区污水主要以生活污水为主，由于不含工业污水，其水质要优于城市污水。其水质指标如下：处理要求：污水经二级处理后应符合以下具体要求：4. 设计工艺流程由于污水量不大，最终出水对水质要求较高，且最终出水作为中水回用。因此拟采用以下工艺流程：生活污水集水井化粪池集水调节池CASS池清水池达标排放污泥浓缩罐污泥脱水机污泥处理过滤器臭氧深度消毒池中水池中水回用污泥回流循环处理自动加药系统流程说明：4.1 生活污水的收集生活污水的收集采用全截流方式.即将厨房污水、卫生间冲厕、洗涤、淋浴污水及一般的地面水一并收集后排入小区污水管网。4.2 生活污水预处理生活污水的预处理包括化粪池处理和水量水质的调节。设化粪池集中处理的目的是将生活污水中的固形物进行厌氧硝化，使其水解成小分子、可溶性物质，以便于后续的生化处理。同时减少节池，用于水量及水质的调节。考虑到小区污水排放的不均匀性，设计集不调节时间为12h。4.3 生活污水的生化处理集水调节池内的污水用泵输送至CASS反应器，在CASS反应器中大部分的污染物在该工艺中被去除，出水水质达到国家GB8978-1996一级排放标准。4.4 深度处理深度处理工艺包括接触过滤、臭氧深度氧化及消毒。生化处理出水首先进行加药过滤处理，去除生化出水中带出的少量SS及不可生化COD,对于溶解性的有机物去除效率不高，因此要进一步采用臭氧深度氧化。深度氧化的作用有以下几方面：进一步氧化水中少量的有机物，因为这些有机物在长期循环使用过程中会积累，是引起发臭的主要物质；进一步降低水的色度，臭氧在脱色方面有着特殊作用，只要消耗少量的臭氧即可脱除水中的色度，中水要回用于户内冲厕。色度是一项重要的感官指标；三十中水中富含臭氧，使中水富有活性了，消除异味，无二次污染产生。以空气源臭氧发生器来制备臭氧，只消耗电，不需其他的化学品，无二次污染。操作管理也十分方便。同时臭氧有极强的消毒功能。O具有极强的氧化能力，是氟以外的最活泼的氧化剂，对有顽强抵抗力的微生物如病毒、芽孢等都有强大的杀伤力。经过深度处理工艺处理，出水水质优于生活杂用水水质标准中规定的指标。4.5中水的回用处理好的中水排入中水池，采用变频恒压供水泵供给用户使用。中水回用系统由中水池、供水泵、回用管路、中水计量等系统组成。关键词：小区；污水处理；CASS法；中水回用；鼓风曝气Design General InformationWith the development of our social economy, and water resources shortage problem increasingly. The Development of Sewage treatment and reuse in order to achieve the sustainable use of water resources has been explicitly written into national economic and social development of the 10th Five-Year Plan outline. s sewage treatment reuse is an important part in the construction of residential water system has been put on the government departments at all levels of the agenda.In June 2001, liuzhi Planning Board, the Construction Committee, Municipal Administration Commission jointly issued a circular on strengthening the management of the water facilities, the construction area of 50,000 m2 or more, or the recoverable amount of water greater than 150 m3 / d areas and the central built-up areas must be the construction of water facilities.It is reported that since December 1, 2003 start of the Liuzhi residential construction in the water under the water supply system technology as expressly provided in the Liuzhi new housing must be designed in accordance with the provisions and use of water supply pipeline from the circulation water treatment system, according to the specified implementation of the residential water supply system project, will not be completed for the record. In addition, with the continuous improvement of the municipal tap water and related policies and regulations have been put forward, so that investment in water facilities already have a preliminary economic power. Therefore, construction management, water treatment facilities, will be a topic of real estate developers and property management companies must face in the future, while the economic, effective, safe handling and use of water, so that investors in maximizing water-saving to meet the social benefits, resulting in the greatest economic, policy makers and technical research.1.Design topicsTaoyuan district sewage treatment and water reuse project (CASS France)2.Design elements and principles2.1 Design elementsSewage treatment plant process design process design description generally includes the following content:(1) according to overall plan or present situation and the design of treatment plant site;(2) treatment plant process design description;(3) to deal with the structure type selection instructions;(4) dealing with the design and calculation of the structure or facility;(5) in the main secondary structure design calculations;(6) major equipment design calculations to choose;(7) wastewater treatment plant general layout (flat or vertical) and pipeline comprehensive layout;(8) processing structures, the main secondary structures, non-standard equipment design drawings;(9) the preparation of major equipment and materials table.2.2 principles(1) with the relevant regulations to implement the national policy on environmental protection, in line with national norms and standards. (2) from the actual situation of the district, consistent with its overall planning, engineering construction and residential building in harmony and protect the environment, but also to maximize project benefits. (3) according to the design of water quality and factory water quality requirements, selected sewage treatment process and strive to technology advanced, mature, good effect, running a safe and secure, energy efficient, economical and reasonable to ensure that the sewage treatment effect to reduce the project investment and day-to-day running costs . (4) properly handle and dispose of the gate slag and sludge in the sewage treatment process, to avoid secondary pollution. (5) the use of modern techniques, automated control and management, and technology is reliable, economical and reasonable. (6) in order to ensure the normal operation of the sewage treatment system, power supply systems need to have high reliability. Dual-loop power supply, there is sufficient spare rate and the wastewater treatment plant operation equipment.3 Design background information3.1 Geographical situation of the liuzhiLiuzhi is located in the western Guizhou Province, China cool and City of coal Liupanshui City of the east gate, Department of three-line construction period of the original Liuzhi and Lang Dai County merger, from the provincial capital Guiyang, 172km, 98km away from Liupanshui downtown. The east zhenning, Puding Counties, south GUANLING, west of Watertown, the North arrived in Zhijin Nayong, Southwest and Qinglong, the Puan counties border. North to south and 61km from east to west width 56km, the land area of 1792km2, the 14 townships of the exempted five towns, with a total population of 64.86 million, of which non-agricultural population of 12.91 million, accounting for 20.33% of the total population. The territory inhabited by the Han, Yi, Miao, Buyi, Gelao 32 national minority area population accounts for 30.52% of the total populationThe Liuzhi in the Sancha River and Beipanjiang River upstream watershed area, the territory of the river flow into the Yangtze River and Pearl River, a total of more than 40 rivers and streams. 25 long 10km above the river, rivers total length of 361.20km. Fingers main vein of the old Martha Hill laoheishan, is the main watershed of the territory north of the Sancha River Basin belongs to the Yangtze River, south of the North Pan River Basin, is the Pearl River.3.2 SAR climate and temperature conditionsThe Liuzhi is a northern subtropical monsoon climate, the overall characteristics of the climate: winter and long summer and short, hot shower in the same quarter. The climate was cool and wet and warm winter cold, summer heat. Light, heat, water and geographical differences. The four seasons of each year to the average temperature of 10 C and 22 C as the critical temperature. The duration of the average temperature above 22 C for summer, less than 10 C for the duration of the winter, ranging between 10 to 22 in spring and autumn. The district is located east of the cross-stitch Lake, the low - lying east to west, the annual dominant wind north by east, the annual average wind speed of not more than 3m / s, 23% of the static wind frequency. The four seasons of each year to the average temperature of 10 C and 22 C as the critical temperature. The duration of the average temperature above 22 C for summer, less than 10 C for the duration of the winter, ranging between 10 to 22 in spring and autumn.According to the analysis of meteorological data from 1957 to 1984, average annual temperature is 14.6 , the inter-annual variation between 13.5 and 15.2 , which ranged from 1.7 .3.3 SAR policies and requirements for residential wastewater treatmentLiuzhi is in guizhou province of an economic development zone, because the city development, caused by groundwater resources pollution is serious, the exploitation of groundwater in ground water levels fall, springs dried up, ground subsidence environmental problemsWith the rapid economic development, environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, the scarcity of water caused by environmental pollution of the water issue has caused great concern. SAR to develop appropriate management methods, decided in 2010 to force the water reuse: Where a planned urban area construction, expansion, renovation project, are supporting the construction of water facilities, the main project of these facilities and water-saving measures simultaneous design, construction and use. Have been completed and the district should also make plans to gradually complete the construction of water facilities. It is estimated that, if generally adopted in the water facilities, the SAR can save up to 50% of domestic water.3.4 District and sewage water quality and reuse standardsTaoyuan district as an upscale residential district of the SAR should also build a sewage treatment and water reuse project. District close to Peach Lake resident population of 35,000. In accordance with the request of the SAR in order to protect the beautiful environment of the district, construction of residential sewage treatment plant, and mainly deal with all domestic sewage from residential areas, the treated water as water reuse, including spraying of road, watering flowers, flushing water and car wash such as water. Residential sewage to the main sewage, including industrial sewage, the water quality is superior to municipal sewage. The water quality indicators are as follows: The water quality indicators are as follows:Processing requirements:After secondary treatment effluent should meet the following specific requirements:4. Design processBecause of the small quantity of sewage, final effluent water quality requirements higher and the final effluent as a water reuse. Therefore intend to use the following process:SewageSet ofSeptic tankCatchment adj-ustment poolCASS PondClear water tankDischarge standardsSludge concentration tankSludge dewateringSludge TreatmentFilterOzone depth pooldisifectionIn the poolWater reuseSludge returnRecyclingAutomatic dosing systemProcess description:4.1 sewage collectionSewage collection full closure will soon kitchens sewage discharged into the plot sewage pipe network, toilet flushing, washing, showers, sewage and general surface water be collected4.2 sewage pretreatmentThe pretreatment of the sewage including septic tanks and water quantity and quality regulation. The purpose is to set up a septic tank to focus on solids in the sewage in anaerobic nitrification, it hydrolyzed to small molecules, soluble substances, in order to facilitate subsequent biochemical treatment. And at the same time reduces section pool, used for water and the quality of the water regulation.Taking into account the heterogeneity of residential sewage discharge, design sets without adjusting for 12h.4.3 Biochemical treatment of sewageAdjust the pool water regulation of the sewage catchment pump to CASS the reactor, the reactor in CASS most of the pollutants removed in the process has been removed, the effluent quality reaches the national GB8978-1996 is an emission standard.4.4 depth of processingAdvanced treatment process, including contact filtration, ozone advanced oxidation and depth disinfection. Biochemical treatment effluent first dosing filter to remove biochemical water with a small amount of SS and non-chemical and biological of COD, to the