浦东新王牌春季周末小班初二英语Unit.docVIP

Unit 3. Words.1. _ n. 仆人；佣人 Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 谚水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。 A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。【知识拓展】 serve v. 服务，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。service n. 服务e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。2. _ v. 欺骗；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。 The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。3. _ n. 电 e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。【知识拓展】 electrician n. 电工 electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的e.g. an electric cenerator发电机 an electric plug电源插头 an electric iron电熨斗4. _ v. 流动e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。【常用搭配】 flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入e.g. Time flows away quickly. 时光飞逝。 Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。 Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。5. _ n. 仪表；计量表【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表 an electricity meter电表 a speed meter速度表e.g. Theres a gas meter in every home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。6. _ n. 数量；量e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。 What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？7. _ adv. 每月一次e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。 We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我们每月付一次电话账单。【知识拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地8. _ n. 解释；解说；说明The only explanation for his behaviour is that hes mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。【知识拓展】 explain v. 解释；说明e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？9._ v. 搔；挠 e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。 （常与out，off，through连用）刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉 e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。 Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？10. _ adj. 看不见的；无形的 e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它移动的时候我们能感受到。【知识拓展】 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的 vision n. 视力e.g. Air isnt a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。 She has good vision. 她的视力很好。11. _ n. 形状；形式e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。【知识拓展】 form n. 方式；制度e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。l2. _ n. 能量e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。 Each year Americans use a high percentage of the worlds energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。【知识拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。13. _ n. 电灯泡e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 这个灯泡坏了，请再换一个。14. _ v. 连接，联合e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。 This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。【常用搭配】 connect with和有联系，和有关e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。15. _ v. 埋葬，掩埋e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。 He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。16._ adv. 客气地，斯文地e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely. 你必须有礼貌地服务我们的客人。 Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地拒绝了。【知识拓展】 polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有礼，优雅e.g. It wasnt very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。17. _ v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday presents. 当他打开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。【知识拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高兴得咧开嘴笑。18. _ n. 电池e. g. Our bus wont start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。 This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。19. _ v. 包含，含有e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。 The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。指点迷津：contain, hold 两个单词都含“包含，容纳”的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有”。 e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。 hold指“能容纳”。 e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. _谨慎，小心 e. g. Be careful with those delicate plates. 使用那些细巧的盘子要小心。 Be careful when youre crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。2. _ 变为；使改变 e.g. The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨，水变成了冰。 We can change electricity into different forms of energy such as light energy. 我们能把电变成各种形式的能量，比如光能。 The witch tried to change iron into gold. 那位巫婆试图把铁变成金。3. _思考，想出来 e.g. Have you thought of what job you are going to do? 你考虑过准备做什么工作了吗？ We are thinking of going to France. 我们正考虑到法国去。 I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。4. _ 被连接到 e.g. Are these cables connected to the power station?这些电缆是连接到发电站的吗？ The channel will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history. 这条隧道将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。5. _最后He waited for the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等了一个小时的公交车，最后终于来了。【随堂小练】I . Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. Would you like to get me some (battery)?2. Dont always do such (fool) things, boy!3. Modern Family is a popular (month) magazine.4. In our daily life, electricity is a good (serve), but a dangerous one.5. The weather in Shanghai is always (change) in spring.II. Choose the right word to complete the sentence. 1. I usually get the bill (to / for) water at the end of the month.2. The book is too difficult for a child to understand (in / by) a way.3. Please be careful (to / with) your steps on the rainy days.4. Do you know the keyboard is connected (to / with) the computer?5. We can buy rice and flour (in / of) packets.Step 4: Important Sentences structures.1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！ 句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能”。情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。(1)肯定句：主语+can+动词原形 e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。(2)否定句：主语+cannot (cant)+动词原形 e.g. I cant play football. 我不能踢足球。(3)疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+cant. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I cant. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。不，我不能。2. although electricity is much more dangerous than water.(1) more+ adj. +than e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？(2) more十n./phrase十than e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。【知识拓展】 关于比较级和最高级:(1) 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; happily- more happily- the most happily(2)对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most dangerous, difficult-more difficult-the most difficult3. You must always be careful with it. 句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定”。 (1)肯定句：主语+must+动词原形 e. g. I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。 (2)否定句：主语+must not (mustnt)+动词原形 e.g. I mustnt go home now. 我现在不准回家。(3)疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, 十主语+must. No, +主语十neednt. e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.No, you neednt. 现在我必须回家吗？是的，你必须。不，你不必。4. May I have my packet of electricity? 句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以”。(1)肯定句：主语+may+动词原形e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。(2)否定句：主语+may not+动词原形 You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。(3)疑问句：May+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not. e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下吗？是的，你可以。不，你不可以。【随堂练习】. Read and choose the best answer.()1. Can you help me to a good idea? A. think of B. think about C. think over D. think in()2. Pleasethe length of the desk with a ruler.A. measure B. cut C. do D. make()3. Sorry, I have nothing to tell you because I know about Judy.A. a little B. a few C. little D. a few()4. Hes never seen electricity, he?A. has B. hasnt C. isD. isnt()5. Must I go to buy the ticket for my parents now?No, you. A. mustnt B. cantC. may not D. neednt.Rewrite the sentences as required.1. The boy looks like a fool. (就划线部分提问) the boy look ?2. Climbing such a high mountain is impossible for a child. (保持原句意思) is impossible for a child_climb such a high mountain.知识点梳理1 _ 一天晚上2 _ 给我带一包电3 _ 出去4 _ 最后5 _ 一包包地买6 _ 看上去很傻7 _ 流过电线8 _ 测量你使用的电量9 _ 得到一张的账单10 _ 在某种程度上11 _ 比危险得多12 _ 小心对待13 _ 看似样14 _ 挠头15 _ 把变成16 _ 想一想；想出来17 _ 电灯泡18 _ 来自于19 _ 各种能量20 _ 被连接到21 _ 埋在路下22 _ 发电站23 _ 回来24 _ 我可以吗？25 _ 在他脸上26 _ 它在这儿27 _ 你不知道吗？28 _ 关上词性转换1. dangerous (a.) 危险的 danger (n.) 危险2. servant (n.) 仆人 serve (v.) 服务 service (n.) 服务3. electricity (n.) 电 electric (a.) 电的 electrical (a.) 有关电的4. foolish (a.) 愚蠢的 fool (n.) 傻瓜 /（v.）愚弄5. monthly (ad.) 每月一次 month (n.) 月份6. explanation (n.) 解释 explain (v.) 解释7. careful (a.) 小心的 care (n. / v.) 关心 carefully (ad.) 小心地careless (a.) 粗心的8. invisible (a.) 看不见的 visible (a.) 看得见的9. change (n. / v.) 变化 changeable (a.) 多变的10. different (a.) 不同的 difference (n.) 不同点11. power (n.) 力 powerful (a.) 强大的12. politely (ad.) 有礼貌地 polite (a.) 有礼貌的 impolite (a.) 没礼貌的 13. contain (v.) 包含 container (n.) 容器14. clear (a.) 清楚的 clearly (ad.) 清楚地语言点1. Im going to buy a packet of sweets. a packet of 意为“一包；一袋”。 句中的sweets作名词，意为“糖果”；sweet也可作形容词，意为“甜的”。2. Ive tricked Daisy at last. 句中的trick作动词，意为“戏弄”；trick也可作名词，意为“诡计；花招；骗局”。如：play a trick on sb.。 at last意为“最终”，与in the end和finally意思相同。3. She doesnt even know what electricity is. even在此作副词，表示“甚至；连；即使”，用来强调出乎意料。 even还可以用于比较级前，表示“甚至更；愈加；还”。如：even happier。4. Shell really look foolish. 句中的look为系动词，意为“显得”，后接形容词foolish作表语，说明主语的状态。5. A meter measures the amount you use. amount意为“数量，数额”。an amount of表示“一定量的”，一般修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词则用a number of。6. Its like water, in a way. in a way意为“在某种程度上；不完全地”，可用partly代替；如表示“就某些方面而言”则用in some ways。7. “Thats not a bad explanation,” said Dad, “although electricity is much more dangerous than water. 句中although是连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，用以引导让步状语从句，可用though来代替，但不能与but同时出现在句子中。although与though的区别：(a) although常用于较正式的场合。（b）even可以与though连用来加强语气，但不可以与although连用。（c）though可用于句末，而although则不可以。句中much是副词，意为“的多”，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。类似可修饰比较级的词还有：still, even, far, a little, a lot等。8. You must always be careful with it. be careful with意为“小心对待；谨慎处理”，后常接名词或代词。 Be careful也可以单独使用，意为“小心”，用以提醒他人注意即将来临的危险。 如要接句子，则使用be careful (that) 。9. Can you tell me what it looks like? look like意为“看似样”，look在此处是系动词，like为介词。此外，look like常和what连用表示“看起来怎么样？”10. Dad said, “Nobodys ever seen electricity.” 句中Nobodys是Nobody has的缩写，与后面的seen构成现在完成时。11. Can you think of an example? 句中think of意为“想一想；想出来”。think of也可以表示“考虑；关心”，此时与think about意思相同。如：We are thinking of / about going to France。 另外，What do you think of ?意为“你认为怎么样？”，可用How do you like ?代替。11. Well, it comes into our flat through thin wires, and these are connected to thick wires that are buried under the street. 句中connect是动词，意为“连接；联合”，与join或link意思相近。 一般connect with 指“和连接”，而connect to 指“把连接到”。be connected to是个被动结构，表示“被连接到”的意思。12. Theyre packets that contain electricity. 句中that引导的从句是定语从句，用来修饰之前的名词，此处that还可以用which代替。13. Didnt you know that，Benny? 这是一个反问句。在回答反问句时，与反意疑问句相似。表示知道时，应用Yes, I do.；表示不知道时，应用No, I dont.。情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt等。二、主要用法。1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。(1) can意为“能够”，否定形式为cannot或cant。 如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could是can的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如yesterday, last week等），我们不用can或cant，而用could和couldnt。 如：When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could）,而be able to则有更多的时态形式。 如：My little brother has been able to write.2. 用must与mustnt, have to与dont have to, neednt表示义务。(1) must用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”，具有强制性。 如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to代替must。 此外，have to侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。 如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to与neednt是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。 如：It has just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garden. You neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。 如：Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗？ - Yes, we must. 是的，我们一定要走。 - No, we mustnt. 不，我们不可以走。 Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？ - Yes, you must. 是的，你一定要完成。 - No, you neednt. 不，你不一定要完成。 从以上例子中可以看出，用must提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是mustnt。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustnt或neednt来回答。3. 用can, could与may表示“许可”。(1) 在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could和may。can最为常用；could较为婉转，更有礼貌；may则比较正式。 如：Can I open the window? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. Could I borrow a pencil, please? -Yes, certainly. / No, Im afraid not. May I leave early today? - Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用can或may，而不用could。 如：Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you can. May I sit here? - No, you may not.4. 用can, could与would表示“请求”。 当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用can, could和would这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时，could和would则很少使用。 如：Can you open the window? - Yes, I can. Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly. Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, Im afraid not. 常见的肯定回答：Of course I can. / OK. / All right. 常见的否定回答：Im afraid I cant / Of course not.5. 用must和cant表示“猜测”。(1) must表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。 如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) cant表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能”。 如：Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.6. 用should和ought to表示“义务”和“建议”。(1) should和ought to表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。 如：You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bin.(2) ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtnt to。构成疑问句，把ought提前至主语前。 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long. Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should和ought to用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。 如：Ought I to finish my homework now? - Yes, you ought to.(4) should和must的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不具备强制性；而后者意为“必须”，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有强制性。 如：You shouldnt be cruel to animals. You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should和ought to常与动词think连用。 如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes. Its late. I think I ought to go home now.宾语从句一、概念。 在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。 宾语从句的构成为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，其语序是陈述句语序。三、引导词。1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词that引导（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）。如：We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词why, when, where, how或连接代词who(m), what, which引导。 如：Do you know why I like team sports?I dont know how they got the tickets.3. 如从句是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if引导（口语中常用if）。if和whether意为“是否”。如；I dont know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词whether引导，特别是与or not连用时。 如：I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、时态。1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 如：I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year. I have heard that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。 如：He said that there were no classes yesterday. Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。 如：The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、从句的简化。1. 当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。 如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground. - She found the wallet lie on the ground. I heard that the birds were singing in the tree. - I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 当主语谓语动词是wish, decide, plan, agree, hope等，且主句和从句的主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 如：She agreed that she could help me with my Maths. - She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在连接副词/代词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语