defination(1).doc

1. Absenteeism:(缺勤)l Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation. Traditionally, absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer; it was seen as a management problem, and framed in economic or quasi-economic terms. More recent scholarship seeks to understand absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, medical, or social adjustment to work.2. Age Discrimination(年齡歧視)l Age discrimination is discrimination on the grounds of age. Although theoretically the word can refer to the discrimination against any age group, age discrimination usually comes in one of three forms: discrimination against youth, discrimination against those 40 years old or older, and discrimination against elderly people.3. Agent代理人l Agent may refer to one who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one entrusted with the business of another.4. Articles of partnership合夥章程Articles of Partnership is a voluntary contract between two or among more than two persons to place their capital, labor, and skills, and corporation in business with the understanding that there will be a sharing of the profits and losses between/among partners. Outside of North America, it is normally referred to simply as a partnership agreement.5. CannedSomething that has been produced and conserved and can be released on demandCommodityA commodity is a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market6. Competition(競爭)l Competition is a contest between individuals, groups, nations, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared. Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For example, animals compete over water supplies, food, and mates, etc. Humans compete for water, food, and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, prestige, and fame. Business is often associated with competition as most companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers.7. Continuous(連續的)l marked by uninterrupted extension in space, time, or sequence 8. Contract(合同)l A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties with mutual obligations. The remedy at law for breach of contract is damages or monetary compensation. In equity, the remedy can be specific performance of the contract or an injunction. Both remedies award the damaged party the benefit of the bargain or expectation damages, which are greater than mere reliance damages, as in promissory estoppel.9. Coordinator(協調者)l one who administers the research and teaching activities of the other professors.10.Corporation(社團法人)l A corporation is a formal business association with a publicly registered charter recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members.1 There are many different forms of corporations, most of which are used to conduct business.11. Creativity創造力l Creativity refers to the phenomenon whereby a person creates something new (a product, a solution, a work of art etc.) that has some kind of value. What counts as new may be in reference to the individual creator, or to the society or domain within which the novelty occurs. What counts as valuable is similarly defined in a variety of ways.12. Cross-training(交叉培訓)l Cross-training (also known as conditioning) refers to training in different ways to improve overall performance. It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of each training method, while at the same time attempting to neglect the shortcomings of that method by combining it with other methods that address its weaknesses.13. Job instruction training (工作指導培訓)l Training Within Industry (TWI) way of thinking about OJT is that OJT is a vehicle for gaining stability in an operation, by solving problems involving people14. Keynote(政策的基本方針)l A keynote in literature, music, or public speaking establishes the principal underlying theme. In corporate or commercial settings, greater importance is attached to the delivery of a keynote speech or keynote address. The keynote will lay down the framework for the following programme of events or convention agenda; frequently the role of keynote speaker will also include the role of convention moderator. It will also flag up a larger idea a literary story, an individual musical piece or event.15. Long-range plans(長期計劃)l Formalized long-range business planning, in particular that taught as a discipline in business schools or just reported in business books, has a history that goes back to the mid 20th century16. Moonlighting(兼差)l To work at a secondary job, usually in the evening or during the night, often secretly, so that one doesnt have to pay tax on the extra money earned.17. Networking(網路)l Business networking is a socioeconomic activity by which groups of like-minded businesspeople recognize, create, or act upon business opportunities. A business network is a type of social network whose reason for existing is business activity. There are several prominent business networking organizations that create models of networking activity that, when followed, allow the business person to build new business relationships and generate business opportunities at the same time. A professional network service is an implementation of information technology in support of business networking.18. Tracking常規l Tracking, in portfolio management, matching or comparing with a stock market index19. Traits特性l Trait theory explains leadership in terms of personality and character of the leader. Early in the 20th Century, leaders were said to be POWERFUL, taller, stronger, more intelligence and self-confident.20. Battle Plan競爭計劃l Battle Plans mission is to change the way you look at terrorl by developing awareness and providing solutions.21. Blacklist黑名單l A blacklist (or black list) is a list or register of entities who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition. As a verb, to blacklist can mean to deny someone work in a particular field, or to ostracize a person from a certain social circle. Conversely, a whitelist is a list or compilation identifying entities that are accepted, recognized, or privileged.22. Body(as in “of a letter)l This is the part that will really be unique to each letter. Most business letters should be no more than two pages long, but casual letters can be as long or as short as you want them to be. No matter who the recipient is, try not to ramble. Keep each paragraph engaging.Body languagel Silent (non-verbal) messages communicated through the senders body movements, facial expressions, voice tone and loudness, etc. In social psychology, all behavior in presence of another person is considered communication. Also called kinesic communications. See also non verbal communication.Defensive防禦Detrimental不利的l harmfulDivulgeEffectivenessmeans the capability of producing an effect.23. Follow-up letter後續信件l Follow up letters to send after an interview, and to follow up on a resume or a job application you have submitted.24. Fraud欺騙l fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual25. Goal setting目標設立l Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable and time-targeted objectivescitation needed. Goal setting features as a major component of personal development literature. Goals perceived as realistic are more effective in changing behavior26. Headhunter獵頭l Headhunter, an informal name for an employment recruiter, sometimes referred to as executive searcher27. Interest利息l Interest is a fee paid on borrowed assets. It is the price paid for the use of borrowed money,1 or, money earned by deposited funds.2 Assets that are sometimes lent with interest include money, shares, consumer goods through hire purchase, major assets such as aircraft, and even entire factories in finance lease arrangements. The interest is calculated upon the value of the assets in the same manner as upon money.28. Offensive攻擊性l A corporate strategy consisting of attempting to pursue changes within its industry