中考英语初三 完型填空.doc

第十六讲 英语完形填空解题技巧 姓名_学校_年级_【学习目标】 对于中考完型填空题型进行系统技巧训练【知识要点】解题的总体思路：1.总体把握要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。2.弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主（即记叙文），如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。3.重视主题句完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。4.语境联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。解题过程应从以下三个方面考虑：1.词语搭配1) 因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film，read a book, watch TV2) 常见的句式：如：It feels+形容词+不定式(to do sth.).Its time for sb. to do sth.3)要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for（寻找） look over（检查） look out（小心） look after（照顾） look up（查字典等资料）等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.He spent ￥1000 on the watch.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通，但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化。要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假”等多种含意。2.语法判定(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：a.名词的选择：应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意格和数（单数和复数，可数名词和不可数名词）。b.动词的选用：要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介词：应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词：要注意性（名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词）、数（单数和复数）、格（主格和宾格）是否准确。e.选择连词：要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。f.选择形容词和副词：要注意区分形容词和副词，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化（原级、比较级、最高级）。(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装。a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。 (3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。3. 例举对比。在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。总结：完形填空所选的短文的文体多以记叙文为主。一般的解题过程是：1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。（难点）如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词（名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数词）多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词（介词，连词，冠词和感叹词）多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。4.验证答案，修正错误。着重注意这一点：文章是否顺畅。【完形填空必备短语】Group A 1.with the help of 在帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在领导/关心下2.be strict with sb. 对人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对事要求严格3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上5. lie in 位于之内 lie on 同接壤 lie to 位于之外6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以名义8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get ones own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose ones way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way to 在去的路上 Come this way 这边走10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角)in the corner 在角落里(内角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上)11. judge by / from 根据来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of)在结束时 at the beginning of 在开始时 at the back of 在背后，支持 at the age of 岁时 at the foot of 在脚下 at the bottom of 在底部 at the top of 在顶上 at/on the edge of在边上13. in the course of 在过程中 in the eyes of 从观点看来，在眼里 in the face of面对，尽管，纵使 in the middle of 在中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后14. on the eve of 在前夕 on the side of 在一边15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time每次 at times = sometimes有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在的时候 by the time 到的时候19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当一刹那20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次once more 重新,又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔 Group B1.以break为中心的词组break away from脱离，逃离breakdown破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break the law违反法律break the record破记录break ones promise失言break up开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解2.以catch为中心的词组be caught doing被发现做某事be caught in the rain淋雨catch up with赶上，追上 catch a bus/train赶汽车/火车catch a cold伤风，感冒catch one s word听懂某人的话catch sight of发现，瞥见3. 以come为中心的词组come across偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付come along一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击come back回来；恢复，复原 come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from来自，起源于，从产生，生于 come in进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come into being发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power开始执政，当权，当选come into use开始使用，获得应用 come on上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；(问题)被提出come to know开始了解到 come out出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；(秘密)泄露 come to苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于come to an end终止，结束 come true实现，成为现实；证实come up走近；上楼；长出，发芽4.以do为中心的词组be done in精疲力竭be done with完全结束do a good deed做一件好事do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do good to(=do sb. good)有益于do harm to(=do sb. good)有害于do it s work有效，有作用do much极有用do wrong to做错do ones best尽某人最大努力do ones homework做作业do ones utmost尽力而为do proud足以使骄傲do sb. justice公平对待某人do some cleaning(V+ing，etc.)搞卫生do sb. a favor帮助某人do well in学得不错，干得漂亮do with和相处，忍受，处理do without不需要，不用 do wonders创造奇迹have much to do with和很有关系have nothing to do with与无关have something to do with和有关in doing so=in so doing这时，在这种情况下That will do.行了；够了5.以get为中心的词组get about徘徊，走动，旅行；流传get above oneself自视高傲get accustomed to习惯于，对习以为常get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解 get ahead of胜过，超过get along前进，进步同意；离去get along with与相处get at发现，了解；掌握；攻击have got to do不得不，必须get away离开，逃脱 get back取回，回来；报复get behind落后；识破get down咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁get down to认真对待，静下心来get familiar with熟悉get hold of获得，取得get home到家get in进入，陷入；牵涉get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处 get upon with进步；在方面获得成功get oneshand in熟悉；习惯get out of由出来，从得出；避免；退休get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get ready for为作准备get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through到达，完成，通过；及格get together积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见get up起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织 get used to习惯于6.以give为中心的词组be given to沉溺于，癖好give about分配；传播give and take相互迁就give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give back归还give cause给予的理由 give ear to侧耳倾听giveforth发出，放出；发表give in屈服，让步，投降give into同意，接受；向让步give off发出（烟，气味）give oneself out to be/as自称为give oneself up to专心于；向自首give out分发，公布give placeto让位于，被所替代give rise to引起，导致；使发生give sb. To understand通知某人 give up放弃；停止give way to让步，退却；屈服于7.以look为中心的词组look about四下环顾；查看look after照顾，看管look around东张西望look at注视，着眼于look back回顾look for寻找；期待，期望look down on俯视；轻视look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览 look like看起来象look on旁观；面向look out向外看；注意；当心，堤防look over从上面看过去；检查lookthrough透过看去；看穿；浏览look up to仰望，尊敬8.以make为中心的词组be made from由原料制成be made of由材料制成be made up of由组成make a fool of愚弄，欺骗make a mistake弄错make a point of doing强调；认为重要；决心，坚持 make advantages/use of使用，利用make after追求，追赶make believe假装make certain确信，把弄清楚make contact with接通，与接触，与联系 make for去向，向前进；有利于make friends with和交友make into把制成，使转变为make much of重视；理解；赏识make ones mind on sth.决定某事make ones own当作自己的看待make oneself at home随便，别拘束make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认make the best of尽量利用；极为重视make up弥补修理赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装 make up to接近，巴结；向求爱make way for为让路，让路于on the make急求成功；增加9.以put为中心的词组put a side把放在一边；搁置；排除put away把放好，把收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉put back把放回原处；驳回putdown放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落 put forward提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议put into把放入；插入；翻译成put off推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞put on上演；穿上，带上put up with忍受，容忍put ones heart into全神贯注，专心致志put up举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列10.以take为中心的词组be taken a back吃惊take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡take aim瞄准，设立目标take away拿走，减去；夺去take by surprise出奇制胜take ones place就坐，入坐take care of当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责 take office就职，上任take for把当作take part in参与，参加take off脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take ones temperature量体温take it easy别着急，慢慢来take place=happen发生，举行take the place of代替take pridein以为荣，对骄傲take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊11.以turn为中心的词组give a new turn to对予以新的看法in ones turn轮到某人做某事out of turn不按次序的，不合适宜的take ones turn to do轮到做turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn against背叛，采取敌对态度turn back折回，往回走turndown折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turn into走进；变成，变为turn to for help求助于 turn off关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于 turn ones attention to把注意力转向turn out培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn out to be原来是，证明是，结果是turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新turn(a)round旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策turn to变成；着手于 turn up side down颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱【基础练习】Group A 带介词的固定短语练习【2012福州】1. Bill has made great progress _the help of his teachers. A. for B. with C. under【2012贵州】2. Her mother goes to work _bus every morning. A. by B. at C. on D. in【2012北京】3.Is your father home? No，hes working late _ the office. A.on B. at C. ofD. To【2012贵州】4. I like going to school _my bike Ain Bon Cby Dat【2012湖北】5. I think drinking milk every morning is good _ our health. Yes. I agree _ you. A. to; to B. with; to C. at; with D. for; with【2012江苏】6. On the way _ the mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours. A. to B. by C. atD. on【2012江苏】7. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start _ the coming July. A. on B. in C. at D. to【2012广东】8._ an Englishman, John is looking forwards _the 2012 Olympic Games. A. Of; in B. With; for C. For; at D. As; to【2012河南】9. I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_ the window. Its dangerous to do that. A.in B. through C. over D. to【2012四川】10. I think its not polite to laugh _ others. A. in B. at C. over【2012四川】11. Practicing in groups is good _ us to learn English. A. at B. in C. for【2012南充】12. Our teachers are very strict _ us. A. with B. to C. on【2012四川】13. Tony and I are good friends. We usually learn a lot _ each other. A. of B.from C. across【2012湖北】14. Do you prefer classical music _ pop music?Pop music, I think. A. to B. or C. than D. for 【2012山东】15. I gave up the piano lessons because I have so much homework to do, but its _ my own wishes. A. in B. on C. for D. against根据句意选择合适词组【2012湖北】1. -The box is too heavy to carry. Whats in it? -Oh, it is _ books. A. filled withB. covered withC. used forD. asked for【2012湖北】2. After a lot of training, Liu Xiang _ many difficulties. And he is at the top of this game now. A. made of B. heard of C. came overD. got over【2012湖北】3.Dont worry! Im sure youll_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. A.catch up with B. get on well with C. agree with D. be strict with【2012湖北】4. _ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger. We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future. A. In front of B. Thanks to C. As for D. Across from【2012南京】5. A YOG volunteer team mostly university and middle school students. They will mainly provide languages voluntary services. A. consists of B. belongs to C. thinks of D. leads to 【2012 呼和浩特】6. The accident happened _ 7 p. m. _ 9 p. m. A. from; to B. between; to C. from; and D. between; and【2012湖北】7. What does your father think of your school report this term? The smile on his face shows he is _ what I did in my study. A. worried about B. sorry for C. angry with D. pleased with【2012浙江】8. Parents enjoy any progress their children have made and will feel _ them. A. angry with B. interested in C. proud of D. worried about零散介词练习【2012广西】1. Dont waste water. Water is very important and no one can live _it. A. without B. with C. except D. besides【2012湖北】2. The two kids practice spoken English _joining the English club. A. by B. in C. on D. with【2012连云港】3.Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school? Sure. No subject can be learned well hard work. A. without B. through C. by D. with【2012南京】4. My father has a habit of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning . A. between B. along C. over D. through【2012江苏】5. Yesterday I downloaded a new program _the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies _ my computer. A. from；on B. with；in C, in；with D. on；from【2012江苏】6. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _the tunnel. A. pastB. acrossC. overD. through【2012江苏】7. The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _ 27th July 2012. A. in B. on C. at D. for【2012大连】8.Project Hope has built many schools _ big classrooms and libraries. A. in B. of C. for D. with【2012黄冈】9. Sandy, I called you at 9:00 last night, but nobody answered the phone Im sorry. We _ a birthday party _ Jerry. A. had; with B. were having; for C. are having; for D. had; for【2012黄冈】10. Do you believe that paper is made _ wood?. Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made_ paper. A. from; from B. from; of C. of; from D. of; of【2012 山东】11._ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived _ Shanghai. A. In; at B. On; to C. In; in D. On; in【2012.山东】12. What does your new English teacher look like? She is a pretty lady_ long hair. A. at B. for C. with D. of 【2012济南】13.Thanks _ joining the Talk Show! Youre welcome. A. by B. on C. of D. for【2012 山东】14. English is my favorite subject, and I am good _it. A. for B. to C. at D. of 【2012山东】15. The accident happened _ a cold winter early morning. A. in B. at C. on D. for 【2012陕西】16. Who did you go to the movie_?Nobody. I went alone. A. with B. about C. for D. from 【 2012成都17. Tom usually goes fishing _ Sunday morning. A. at B. on C. for【2012绵阳】18. Linda has bought a large house _ a swimming pool. A. with B. in C. on D. from【2012湖南】19. What do you think of Zhou Libo? I think he does well _ talk shows. Many people like him.A. in B. on C. atGroup B( ) 1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to _ her _? A. cheer; up B. cheer; on C. pick; up D. put; away( ) 2. Please _these test papers to each student. A. give off B. give out C. give up D. give in( ) 3. All the students must _your homework before ten oclock, or you will be punished. A. hand out B. hand in C. hand over D. hand on( ) 4. Would you please _ the music a little, Lily? I am learning English. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn on( ) 5. Attention, please! The plane will _ in a minute. Every passenger, please fasten(系) your safety belt. A. take up B. take off C. take over D. take down( ) 6. This math problem is very difficult, so I cant _it _. A. work; out B. point; out C. set; up D. try; on( ) 7. If you dont know the meaning of the word, you can _ it _ in the dictionary. A. look; up B. look; into C. make; up D. dress; up ( ) 8. The old man _ cancer at last. A. died from B. died of C. goes through D. ends with ( ) 9. -What does your mother _? -She is tall and beautiful. A. look after B. look like C. look at D. look for( ) 10. I dont know how to _my sad feeling. Can you help me? A. do with B. deal with C. run after D. go over( ) 11. I _ my English teacher this morning while I was eating breakfast. A. came about B. came from C. came across D. came over( ) 12. -Shall I take you to the shopping center after school? - No, thanks. My father said he would _ on his way home. A. look for me B. pick me up C. let me down D. take after me( ) 13.Why dont you_the correct spelling of the word? Im sorry. I dont have a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. A. look for B. look down C. look up D. look at( ) 14. Have you_your new classmates yet? A. had friends withB. made friend with C. got friend to D. made friends with( ) 15Would you mind _my baby while I am away? Of course not. A. looking for B. looking at C. looking after D. looking forward to( ) 16.Tom, _ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright. A. put on B. put up C. put away D. put down( ) 17.Could I speak to Lily, please?-_ a minute. I will call her at once. A. Hold on B. Pass on C. Put on D. Hold back( ) 18.I am sure those scientists wi