国际实物配送outcome2.doc

Technical report 1- International Transport ModesTable International transport modesModeTotal mode costCost per pallet Transit timeMode advantagesMode disadvantagesSea62024.87 days1.lowest expense of freight.2. large quantities.3.long distance1.slowest2.vulnerable to bad weather3.less punctual4.high riskAir12652534 hours1.improve efficiency operations2.increase security3.use information technology4.faster speed1.high total cost2.the weight limit3.not too far from the airportRail1275512 days1.large capacity2.relatively punctual3.economical4.relatively high speed5.less prone to interruptions by proo wether1.confined to railroad2.less flexibleDirect road135067.53 days1.better for short-shipped2.flxible and convenient1.small capacity2.high transport cost3.high rate of good s damage4.disrupted by weatherMulti-mode118547.47 days and 18hours1.reduce handing of cargo2.permit door-to-door service3.reduce the risk of pilferage with subsequent savings on insurance premiums4.quicker transit times5.enable the quotation of through rates to the distance1.investment cost are high2.not all cargo is suitable for containersationThe Explanation of DataSea: the total cost is 620, this is because of the sea transport is 40ft container carrying 25 pallets and the price is 620 per container.Cost per pallet= total mode cost/ pallet, thus the cost per pallet= 620/25= 24.8. The transit time is 7 days in the basic data.Air: the total cost is 1265, this is because of the air will be by airplane cargo hold , at maximum of five pallet and the price is 1265 per 5 pallets. Cost per pallet=total mode cost /pallet, thus the cost per pallet=1265/5=253. The transit time is 4 hours.Rail: Cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet. Thus the cost per pallet=1275/25=51. The transit time is 2 days. the total mode cost is 1275, this is due to that the rail transport will be by 40ft container carrying 25 pallets, thus the price is 1275.Direct road: the total mode cost equal to 1350, the price is 1350 per flat bed container lorry and the direct road will be by curtain side rigid lorry carrying 20 pallets. Thus the total mode cost is 1350. Cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet, thus the cost per pallet=1350/20=67.5, the transmit time is 3 days.Multi-mode: first of all, the price is 125 from the Milan Glass Works to Genoa Calata , add the sea mode 620 and the rail cost 295 ,then, add the road form Coatbridge Railport to Kirriemuir Bottling, the cost is 145. Thus Total mode cost=125+620+295+145=1185. Total pallet= 25. The total mode cost = 1185/25=47.4. The time =6 hours+7days+5 hours+7 hours=7 days and 18 hours. the total cost equal to 1185.Technical report 2- Consignment delivery termsTable- Incoterms and their definitionInitialIncotermDescriptionEXWEx Works (named place of delivery)The buyer is responsible for uploading. This term places the maximum obligation on the buyer and minimum obligation on the seller. The Ex Works term is often used when making an initial quotation for the sale of goods without any costs included. EXW means that a seller has the goods ready for collection at his premises on the data greet upon. The buyer pays all transportation costs and also bears the risks for bringing the goods to their final destination. The seller doesnt load the goods on collecting vehicles and doesnt clear them for export.FCAFree Carrier (named place of delivery)A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named airport, terminal, or other place where the carrier operates. Cost for transportation and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after deliver to the carrier. The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed the goods over, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place. When used in trade terms, the word “free” means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to carrier. CPTCarriage Paid to (named place of destination)The risk of damage or loss to the goods being transported is transferred from the seller to the buyer as soon as the goods have been delivered to the carrier. The seller is responsible only for arranging freight to the destination, and not for insuring the goods shipment when it is being transported. It has been designed to suit the needs of modem business.CIPCarriage and Insurance Paid to (named place of destination)It refers to that the seller deliver the goods to the carrier or first carrier and pay for the carriage of goods up to the named place of destination. Meanwhile, the seller must obtain the insurance for the goods while it transit. After the seller deliver the goods to the carrier, the risk will transmit to buyer.DATDelivered at Terminal (named place of destination)It means the seller covers all the costs of transport such as the export fees, carriage, unloading from main carrier at destination port and destination port charges.meanwhile, it must assumes all risk until destination port or terminal. The terminal can be a Port, Airport, or inland freight interchange. Import duty/taxes/customs costs are to be borne by Buyer. The risk is transmit to buyer when the buyer control the goods.DAPDelivered at place (named place of destination)Refers to the seller to ship the goods within the specified destination, need to prepare for unloading without unloading the complete delivery term referring to the arrival of vehicles including ships, including destination port, the seller shall bear all costs and risks of the goods shipped to the specified destination and charges(except import charges) this term applies to any mode of transportation and milti-mode transport by sea.DDPDelivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)It means the Seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of the buyer, and pays all costs in bringing the goods to the destination including import duties and taxes. The seller is not responsible for unloading. When the seller complete the deliver in the named place of destination, the risk transmit to buyer. This term places the maximum obligations on the seller and minimum obligations on the buyerExplanation:Incoterms 2010is the eighth set of pre-defined international contract terms published by theInternational Chamber of Commerce. It include 11 terms, such as the EXW, FCA, FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DAT and DDP. These terms improve the efficiency of international trade and simplify the process and stages. The previous version, the rules are divided into four categories, but 11 incoterms 2010 predefined terms based on the delivery method only can be divided into two categories. The rules of a larger group of seven (g7) can be informs The chopped of The method of transmission, and a small group of four applies only to The sales, only involves The transport of water can verify The condition of The goods The loaded on board The ship. They therefore is not 2 for container transportation.Table Allocations of cost buyer/seller according to Incoterms 2010Explanation:EXW is ex factory (place of delivery). Where the words biggest obligation to the buyer and the sellers minimum obligations. The buyer will pay the cost of many parts, such as the export declaration, transportation, port of export, etc.FCA is free carrier (designated place of delivery), the seller is responsible for the shipment, the carrier of the buyer, the buyer is responsible for unloading and loading the goods to the carrier. When the goods delivered to the carrier, the risk will transfer the buyer.The CPT is carriage paid to (destination) is responsible for the origin of the shipper cost includes transportation export customs clearance and freight named place (usually a destination port or airport). The shipper is not responsible for delivery to the final destination (usually the buyers facilities), or to buy insurance.CIP is the freight and insurance paid to (designated destination), the seller is responsible for most, such as the export customs declaration form, loading and unloading charges at the port of import and export. Insurance is the responsibility of the seller. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.The delivery DAT is terminal (designated destination), the seller is to cover all shipping costs such as export charges, transportation, unloading from the main carrier at the port of destination and the destination port cost. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.Bounce is (specify the destination of delivery), the seller is responsible for arranging transportation and delivery of goods, from traffic tools ready at discharge, at the specified place. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.DDP delivery duty paid (designated destination), the seller is responsible for the goods sent to the designated place in China buyers, the goods to the destination and pay all fees including import duties and taxes. Where the words largest responsibility on the seller and the buyer minimum obligation.3.0 Technical report 3-Consolidation and groupage arrangementsChart Consolidation and groupage arrangements Definition ofGroupageTo fill a whole box of goods receipts. This kind of goods usually by the carrier, respectively, inland freight and in container freight station or freight station, and then will be more than two ticket cargo in a container, also want to stand at the destination of inland container depot or devanning delivery respectively. For this king of goods, the carrier should afford to boxing and unboxing operations, loading devanning fee still charge the goods the responsibility of the carrier for LCL goods, basically the same as the traditional cargo transportation.This type of cargo suits well micro, small and medium-sized enterprise(SMEs) where most of the time cargo to export or import is much less than the required weight or volume to be efficient.ConsolidationConsolidation is refers to that the consolidator will form a whole batch of many different and separate batches of goods shipped, then it will shipment in the airline ,using an air waybill and shipped to the same destination.By the air freight representative company to the destination specified in the agent receiving, then make customs clearance and distribution to the mode of transportation of the actual consignee. This is one of the main business of air freight agent. The periods of consolidation can be found in charts covering any time interval, such as the hours and days. These period can last for days, months or even a year.Circumstances when they could be used1In less than one FCL loaded small consignment situation, usually are canvassing by the carrier and container freight station or inland freight stations concentrated, and after more than two votes cargo consolidation in a container, the same should in container freight station or inland stations were unpacking destination delivery. could be used.2. When to be required faster than multi-mode transport, consolidation could be used.3. Air transport could be used in case of emergency .Cost effective pallet load levelFrom the report 1, we can know the cost is 1350, and we can know the 108 per pallet. Then we calculate the 1350/108, it can get the answer 12.5. And then it should acquire the effective pallet load level, so it should choose the best answer, and the best is cost effective load level is 12.Explanation:from the first report, we can get the total cost of 1350, as a result, we can know each tray 108. As a result, cost effective pallet load level 1 = total price = 1350 / bed/tray 108 = 12.5. Thus the cost effective pallet load level = 12.4.0 Technical report 4-Least total cost conceptRoute ARecommendation ChartsRoute AModeCostKirriemuirCoatbridge Road 145+28 =173CoatbridgeSouthampton Rail 315+15+(212) +24.5+55 =433.5Southamptonport de montreal canadasea1880+24.5+34 = 1938.5Transit time2+11+1=14daysHire Fee6*(1+1+3+14+10+1+2)=192Insurance280*(1+10%)=88Total cost173+433.5+1938.5+488+192+88=3313Route BModeCostKirriemuTilbury Road505+32+（615）=627TilburyPort de montreal Canada sea2010+32+34 =2076road420+（218）+32 =488Transit time1+1+10+1=13daysHire Fee6*(2+8+11+1+2)=144Insurance80Total cost627+2076+488+144+80=3415According to the graph, we can find that the cost of Route A is 3313 but the Route B only use 3415. The Route A Route B. Thus the best Route is Route A and the mode is road-rail-sea . Recommendation ChartRouteAModesRoad ,Rail and Sea Least total cost (Excluding standard on cost such as customs etc)33135.0 Technical report 5-Procedures and documentationProcedures and documentation tableAreaProceduresDocumentationTransport4Firstly, goods should be moved. Angus Glen Water should find a freight forwarder. The report of goods to the port. Formalities and contract will be prepared. Then, HM customers and UK border agency need relater documentations that the company should offer. Release of goods transportation once cleared. Imports of goods to the port. In addition, the company simplifies procedures of export to pass the customs freight. British goods into Canada customs warehouse or security area, unless special arrangements, such as censorship(PARS)before travel. Release began to transport to clear goods. Pre-Arrival Review System also should be passed buyers have an enquiry, the sellers give quotation, next the seller will give the pro-forma invoice, the buyer will acknowledge the order, and contract United Nations Convention on contract for the international Sale Of Goods, seller prepare the goods for export.FIATA Combined Transport Bill of Landing3Insurance, Packing ListCommercial InvoiceGoods ClassificationCertification of OriginManufacturing DeclarationAccurate ConsigneeInformationPre-Arrival review systemInsurance documentationCustoms declarationUK and Canadian Customs InvoiceCommerceFirstly, the buyers enquiry, then the sellers give quotation, next the seller will give the pro-forma invoice, the buyer will acknowledge the order, and contract United Nations Convention On contract For The International Sale Of Goods, seller prepare the goods for export. International rules for the Interpretation of Trade Term, INCOTERMSProforma Invoice5Export InvoicePacking listUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Of GoodsInternational Commercial ContractTitle to sueCustomsThe UK and Customs must ensure that there is no unauthorized good, poisonous cargo and other forbidden goods. On departure and arrival , the UK custom staff may check goods for anti-smuggling,animal and plant health and others. The procedure is that at first, entering data of customs clearance, electronic declaration, then the declaration checking and choosing the passageway. Next, printing the tax list and pat for the tax. Finally, clearance.Certificat