Book7 Unit2学案-改.docVIP

长春市二实验中学 高一英语工作室 必修7 Unit2学案Book 7 unit 2 Part I 重点单词： 1. desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求vt.渴望；希望得到eg：Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? I desire to go abroad after graduation.联想拓展：have a desire for sth 渴望得到desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事desire that. 渴望(从句中谓语动词用should动词原形虚拟语气形式) 小试牛刀： 完成句子(1)_ (她的宿愿) of living in the country was realised at last. (2)He _(强烈渴望成功)(3)We always _ (希望和睦相处) with our neighbors. (4)My _ is that I _ (渴望来)China again soon. 2. alarm n警报；惊恐vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动eg: The noise alarmed the birds into flight in all directions. I sounded the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke. 联想和拓展：alarmed 担心的，害怕的 =afraid/anxiousalarming 令人惊恐的sound/give/raise the alarm发出警报alarm clock 闹钟fire alarm 火警小试牛刀：(1)Her pale face _(使她母亲很惊慌)(2)He crossed the river and _(向士兵报警) before the Germans arrived. (3)The villagers _(得到警报) just in time to escape the flood. 3. favour n喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠vt.喜爱；偏袒；支持 (=favor) eg: The party often favours certain policies. There were 100 votes in favour of the plan. Im in favour of your point of view. Could you do me a favour?These class rules are in our favour at the moment. 联想与拓展：do sb a favor =do a favor for sb 帮某人一个忙，给某人做件事 in favor of 支持，赞成= in support ofin ones favor 对某人有利ask a favor of sb 求人帮一个忙，求人做某事小试牛刀： 完成句子(1)We are all _(支持)your suggestion. (2)Most of them were _my opinion (支持我的观点) while David was against it. (3)Could you _(帮忙把这个袋子搬到楼上)? (4)The situation is _(对我们有利)，as anybody can see. 4. accompany vt.陪伴; 伴随；伴奏Eg: Your parents hope you can accompany them when you are in need.It is broadcasted that strong winds will be accompanied by heavy rain.翻译句子：Her father accompanied her to ( ) the concert and when she sang, her father accompanied her on the piano( ). Her song sounded wonderful accompanied by the music. ( )联想与拓展：accompany sb.at/on sth.用给某人伴奏accompany sb.to.陪某人到 5. declare vt.宣布；声明；宣称Eg: “Im not going with you and thats final !” declared Mary.I now declare this meeting open.Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.联想与拓展：declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人或某事declare for/against表示赞成/反对 declare war (on/against)(向)宣战declare that.宣告，宣称declaration n宣布；声明；宣言辨析： declare & announce(1)declare指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。Eg：The government declared war on the drug dealers. 政府宣布对毒品交易者开战。(2)announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事和商品信息等。Eg：The new government announced its policy at once. 新政府立即宣布了其政策。小试牛刀：(1)The accused man (被告)_ _(被宣告无罪) by the court. (2)The United States _ _(对伊拉克宣战) in 2003. (3)Just then the bell rang _ _(宣布下课)(4)他们将很快宣布选举结果。(汉译英) _ (5)我声明我将尽一切努力满足你的愿望。(汉译英) _6. set aside 将放在一边; 节省或保留(时间、钱); 不理会(要求、感受等) Eg：He wont set aside his mothers expectations so he has set aside all his dolls and stopped playing computer games and always tries to set aside at least an hour every day for studying English.联想与拓展：set fire to 纵火set down 写下，记下set off 开始，动身(for a place)；爆炸set out 出发；着手做某事(to do) set up 创立，建立；搭起set about doing 着手做，开始做set free 释放活学活用：(1) (1)So _ (每天留些时间来写作)，even if it is only five minutes. (2)Father _ (把报纸放在一边) and lit a cigarette. (3)The couple _ (存了些钱) for their honeymoon tour. (4)He _ (正努力工作攒钱) for his son to go to college. (5)Over 100 prisoners _ (被释放) last month. (6)The man _ (创立，建立) the company used to be very poor. (7)Please _ (写下) the dates when all these great persons were born. 7. bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的eg：Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to learn from them. 三人行，必有我师焉。 The train is bound for London. Something like this is bound to happen.活学活用：(1) 他一定会注意到你的错误的。_your mistake.(2) 销售额日后必定会增长。The amount of sales_in time.(3) 我感到有责任提这件事。I feel _this matter.8. obey vt./ vi. 服从，顺从 反：disobeyEg： A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings.联想与拓展：obey the rules 遵守规定obey the doctors advice 遵医嘱Part II Grammar：Infinitive 动词不定式1知识与技能：1. Get students to review the infinitive 2. Get students to write a letter of suggestion2过程与方法：1Taskbased teaching and learning.2Cooperative learning.3情感态度价值观： Develop students sense of cooperative learning.重难点及新课标要求：1重点：Know about the functions of infinitive Complete a written composition2难点：How to use infinitive in practice How to use advanced words and sentences3新课标要求：Be able to use infinitive in practice Be able to write an article with complete structures知识链接与自主学习：（课堂研讨） 1. 什么是动词不定式及其肯定与否定形式？ 2. 不定式具有哪些功能？ 3. 不定式的时态与语态是什么？(以表格形式说明) 4. 阅读下列句子，分析不定式在句子中的成分. (1) He was the best man to do the job.(1) They seem to have known each other for a long time.(2) They pretended to be working hard when the teacher came in.(3) I wanted the letter to be typed at once.(4) I think its an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting. (5) Its easy for him to work out this math problem. (6) Its careless of you to make such a mistake. (7) His ideal is to enter a key university.(8) He was often seen to do exercise on the playground. (9) He hurried to the school only to find the door locked. 一、 定义：不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成二、动词不定式的句法功能: 不能单独做谓语，可以作主语、宾语、宾补、定语、表语和状语1. 不定式作主语(1)放句首To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.(1) it作形式主语;(2) 由of和for引出不定式的逻辑主语It is very kind of you to help me.It is very necessary for us to learn English. (常用形容词：careful, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, rude, silly, thoughtful, polite; important, necessary, clear, obvious, possible, impossible等)2. 不定式作宾语(1)下列动词后常跟不定式作宾语：decide, determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want, attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect, wish, hope, agree, ask, beg, help, prepare, threaten tend, claim, desire, long, apply, fail, hesitate等Eg: The driver failed to see the other car in time. He cant afford to buy the expensive car.(2)常用句型：“主语+v. + it + adj. / n. + to do sth ”; 常用动词：think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feeleg: I think it useful to learn a foreign language. (3)一些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词；常用动词：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop等Eg: I remember seeing you somewhere before. I remember seeing you somewhere before. -(2012安徽高考) I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked3. 不定式作表语 置于be, become, sound, taste等系动词后面表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用，其主语常是：wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 Eg: His dream is to be a doctor. My work is to clean the room every day. To see is to believe.(不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。)4. 不定式作宾补和主补(1). 常跟不定式做宾补的动词：ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish等 (有些动词 常跟“to be + 形容词”构成复合结构，think, consider, imagine, prove, find, know, suppose等 ) Father will not allow us to play on the street. We believe him to be guilty.(2). 在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等后面的复合宾语中，不定式不带to, 变为被动语态是则要带to. The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.-(2012江西高考) Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students. A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken(3). 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。Eg: She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go.What do you like to do besides sleep.(3) 不定式作主语补足语a. “sb be said/ believed/ known/reported/considered/ found等+ 不定式作主语补足语Eg： He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.b. 用于“be + 性质形容词+ 不定式”结构中。常见形容词：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, leavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。 Eg：The box is not easy to carry. 【注意】在这一结构中，不定式to do 用主动形式表示被动意义.（2012辽宁高考）This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate(2012四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky. A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found5. 不定式作状语: 表示目的、原因、及结果等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(1)目的状语；经常用于so as和in order之后表强调 She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday. She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5:00 plane.-(2012四川高考) Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep(2)结果状语；可用于enough. to, so.as to, such.as to , only to.及too.to等结构中Have you got enough room to seat all of us? She is too weak to join us in the outing. 【点津】only to do sth 与only doing sth 都可作结果状语，区别：only to do sth 表示一个与主语愿望相反或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作； only doing sth 表谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，另外，only doing 也可作伴随状语表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 eg: He searched the room only to find nothing. His father passed away, only leaving him a little money. (1) 原因状语；常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后。They were surprised to be informed of the news. Im glad to hear this.(常见表示情绪的形容词：sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等.)6. 不定式作定语(1). 不定式常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing后作后置定语。 Eg：Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing.(2). 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。 Eg:He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 【注意】如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动形式，否则用被动形式； Eg： The meeting to be held tomorrow has been put off.(2011湖南高考)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed(3) 也可用在have to do和there be句型中。Eg: There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.(4) 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适当的介词。 Eg: Please pass me some paper to write on. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.7. 独立主格结构： Eg：To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth二、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 疑问词“what, how, when, where, which+动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等 How to solve the problem is still a challenge for us. I dont know where to buy books of this kind. 三、动词不定式的省略(1) Why./Why not.?表建议(2) Would rather, had better, may as well之后(3) Cant help but, cannot but, do nothing but之后(4) 使役动词let,have,make和感官动词see, hear, feel之后 Why not visit the World Export? Youd better lose some weight. I cant but choose to go. I could do nothing but wait until he came back.Let him try once more.He was seen to enter the room.四、动词不定式的时态和语态形 式 主 动 被 动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing 无完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式To have been doing无1.时态: Eg： (1) They pretended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(3) She pretended to have known it before. (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4) We are happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)2. 语态：当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。(1)主动语态 to do (2)被动语态 to be doneEg：It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.3. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语） Eg： To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. = It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by . 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2) 做表语 Eg：The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。3) 做宾语 Eg：She didnt like to be treated as a child.4) 做宾语补足语 Eg：Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。5）做定语 Eg：What a victory to be envied by those women!6）做状语 Eg：All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.五、主动形式表被动意义的不定式1. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。eg： With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cannot go to the cinema.2. 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, eg: He has nothing to eat. （注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。） 3. 用于“be + 性质形容词+ 不定式”结构中。常见形容词：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, leavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。 Eg：The box is not easy to carry. The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.3. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to doEg：The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.4. 主语+be +too +adj. +to doEg：The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.5. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。 Eg：There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)6. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。 eg: He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。eg：The house is to let I felt l was to blame.课堂检测：I. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Tom worked hard, only _(fail) again at last. 2. It is no good _(watch) too much TV for children.3. Its good _(help) others when they are in trouble.4. The man downstairs told the man upstairs not _(drop) his shoes onto the floor at midnight any more.5. The goal of this activity is _(meet) the needs of common people.6. Let me _(hear) you _(play) the violin.7. The question very difficult _(answer).8. He was forced _(take) a position that was paid less money.9. He pretended _(read) the text when I came in.10. The snow seemed_(blow)from the top of the mountain.II. 完成句子1. _(为了赶上火车)，wed better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. It happened _(在下雨)when I got there.3. Im sorry _(把你的钥匙弄丢了)on my way home.4. It has been an honor for me _(被邀请到你们家里).5. He is said _(正在读书)abroad.6. He asked _(被派往)the place where he was most needed.III. 单句改错1. The water in this well is unfit to be drunk. 2. Charles Babbage is generally considered inventing the first computer.3. He hurried to the booking office only to tell that all the tickets had been sold out.4. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting to use.5. Helen had to shout to make herself hear above the sound of the music.6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.7. She searched the top of the hill and stopped resting on a big rock by the side of the path.