小学English复数.doc

可数名词复数1.1一般规则1) s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars 2) 以s, sh, ch, x结尾加es, 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时直接加s变复数Two Marys，the Henrysmonkey-monkeys holiday-holidays比较：storey楼层-storeys story-stories2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时（有生命的es）加s：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos；加es：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs海湾；去f/fe加ves，如：half-halves,knife-knivesleaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves；均可：handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women，goose-geese鹅注意与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese,aircraft，works（工厂）除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters3） 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如people ,police, cattle本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattlethe English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词c.the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers, clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 1.4不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词 a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物（不可数） These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃（可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。This factory produces steel.（不可数） We need various steels.（可数） c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water , a piece of advice, a flash of lightening1.5名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语sports meeting运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table谈判桌the foreign languages department外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如men workers, women teachers, gentlemen officials 名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时s保留。例如：goods train货车arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush衣刷 4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋a ten-mile walk十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划;要注意表示年龄要用复数：a eight-years child1.6国籍（中日瑞士都不变，英法荷兰men后见，其他s）不可数名词通常没有复数形式，不能与a ,an 连用。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间1.1 some 与 any 词语辨析“一些”some用在肯定句中。还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑问句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）1.2 many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析“许多”many是用来修饰可数名词much用来修饰不可数名词a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。Peter has many friends .Peter has much food for his birthday party. Peter has a lot of friends. Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. 1.3 不可数名词的归类1、表示液体：water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink2、表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品类：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food4、其它类：newspaper, news, homework, houseworkTEST请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 /city_zoo_country_tooth_mouse boy_broom _car _tree_ horse_ bus_fox_ branch_ baby_ family_ radio_photo_piano_knife_ leaf_ life_thief_man_woman_ child_this_watch_diary_day_book_dress_sheep_tea_box_Footstrawberry water_milk_rice_People peach_sandwich_paper_Juice CD ox_deer_ fish_1、 单项选择( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. clothB. waterC. flowers( )2.Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street.A. peoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _.A.brother B.brothers C.brothers三、选择填空 ( )1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys( )2.How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato( )3.They are_.A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher( )4. Would you like _ ,please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters( )5. Most of _ live in _.A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany( )6. There are some _ in these _.A. knifes pencil-boxes B. knives pencils-boxC. knives pencil-box D. knives pencils-boxes( )7. _ like _ by air.A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling( )8. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片).A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples( )9. There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. r