2013《英美概况》考试范围.doc

2013英美概况（AB卷）题型I. Choose only one answer from the multiple choices (30%, 1 point each):II. Fill in the blanks (25%, 1 point each):III. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False (10%, 1 point each): IV. Explain each of the following terms (20%, 5 points each): V. Use 100-150 words to state your understanding of the topic discussed on the course (either U.K. or U.S.A) (15%, 15 points):2013英美概况复习范围I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1. The highest mountain in Britain is _. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is _. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, 6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I 9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet 金雀花王朝11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 12. The Hundred Years war started in _ and ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _. A. 1337, 1453, Flanders B. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest 13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by king _. A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor 14. The Renaissance新民主思潮 began in _ in the early _ century. A. England, 14 B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 15 15. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious Revolution B. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic Revolution D. the Puritan Revolution 清教徒16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth普利茅斯 C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 17. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation 18. English colonial 殖民地expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583. A. Canada B. Australia C. India D. Newfoundland 19. _ was famous for his abdication辞职 because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIII B. Edward VII C. George VI D. George VII 20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957 B. 1967 C. 1973 D. 197921. soon after _, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900 B. the First World War C. the Second World War D. 1960 22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate. A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation 膨胀C. growth, divorce D. growth, birth 23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _. A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extraction B. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage 24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _. A. developing countries B. other Commonwealth countries C. other developed countries D. EC 25. The House of Lords is presided over by _. A. the Lord Chancellor 大法官B. the Queen C. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are _ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600 B. five, 650 C. five, 651 D. four, 651 27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 28. The ultimate 最终的authority权力 for law-making resides in _. A. the Queen B. the Cabinet C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons 下议院29. The sources of British law include _. A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B. statutes, common law and equity law C. statutes, common law and European Community law D. a complete code and statutes 30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _ decide the issue of guilt or innocence. A. the judge判官, the jury陪审团B. the judge, the judge C. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury 31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery. A. Magistrates courts B. Youth courts C. district courts D. The Crown Court 英国形势法庭32. Londons Metropolitan大都市的 Police Force is under the control of _. A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland Secretaries D. the Home Secretary 部长 大臣 33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _ and based at first on _. A. 1948, Acts of Parliament B. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights 34. The non-contributory social security 安全benefits include the following except _. A. war pension B. child benefit C. family credit D. unemployment benefit 35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord Chancellor 总理B. the Prime Minister C. the Speaker D. the ministers of all departments 36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _. A. independent schools B. junior schools C. independent schools D. primary schools 37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 50 38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law. A. receive completely free education B. receive parly free education C. receive no free education if their families are rich D. receive no free education at all 39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 40. In the following rivers, _ has been called the American Ruhr. 鲁尔区A. the Mississippi B. the Missouri C. the Hudson D. the Ohio 俄亥俄州41. Among the following rivers, _ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the Potomac B. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River 格兰德 D. the Colorado 42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _. A. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院43. The nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _. A. the American West B. the Great Plains C. the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States大西洋中部44. The Midwest in Americas most important _ area. A. agricultural B. industrial C. manufacturing D. mining in dustry 45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _. A. separate educational facilities had been illegal B. educational facilities had been separate but equal C. educational facilities had been equal D. separate educational facilities设施 were inherently unequal 内在不平等的46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _. A. 1882 B. 1883 C. 1900 D. 1924 47. The first immigrants 移民in American history came from _ and _. A. Ireland/France B. England/China C. Scotland/England D. England/Netherland 48. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves 49. According to American historians and specialists in demography人口统计学, there are _ great population movement in the history of the United States. A. two B. three C. four D. five 50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _. A. gold mines B. silver mines C. coal mines D. copper mines 51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _. A. James Madison B. Thomes Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington 52. On July 4, 1776, _ adopted the Declaration of Independerce. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention 53. The victory of _ was the turning point of the War of Independence. A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. Yorktown 54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution宪法. They are knows as _. A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of Right C. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers 55. President Jefferson bought _ from France and doubled the countrys territory. A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio 56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _. A. Paul Revere B. John Locke洛克 C. Cornwallis D. Frederick Douglass 57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by _. A. Germany, France and Japan B. France, Japan and Britain C. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and Japan 58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _ and _ conditions. A. economy/political B. social/political C. economy/social D. political/cultural 59. As a result of WWI, _ was not one of the defeated nations. A. Germany B. Austro-Hungary C. Ottoman D. Russia 60. The aim of President Roosevelts New Deal was to “save American _.” A. economy B. politics C. society D. democracy 民主II. Fill in the blanks: 1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _highlands_, while the east and south-east are mostly_lowlands_. 2. Welsh is located in the _west_ of Great Britain. 3. The ancestors of the English _Anglo-saxons_, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _.celts 4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _Jutes_, Saxons_, and _Angles_ invaded Britain. Among them, the _Angles_ gave their name to English people. 5. The battle of _Hastings_ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066. 6. Under William, the _feudal_封建制度的 system in England was completely established. 确立的7. The property record in Williams time is known as _Domesday Book_,土地志 which was compiled in _1806_. 8. _Thomas Becket_s grave became a place of pilgrimage 朝拜in and beyond chaucers time after he was murdered. 9. _Black Death_ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced Englands population from four million to _two_ million by the end of the 14th century. 10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence 出现of a new class of _yeomen_ farmers自耕农 11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_. 君权神授12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers 骑士supported _the king_, while the Roundheads 国颅党supported _the Parliament_. 13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell克伦威尔 declared England a _commonwealth_, later, he became _Lords_Proctector_. 护国公14. In 1707, the Act of _Union_ united England and _Scotland_. 15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs_辉格党_ and _Tories_托利党_. The former were the forerunners先驱者 of the _Liberal_ Party自由党, the latter were of the _Conservative_ party. 保守党16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _James watt_ produced a very efficient _steam engine_蒸汽机 that could be applied to textile and other machinery. 17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_workship_” of the world. 18. During the Second World War _Winston churchill_ led Britain to final victory in 1945. 19. In 1974 and 1977, the two _oil_ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically. 引人注目的20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea_. 21. _Scotland_ has Europes largest collection of foreign owned chip factories. 22. New industries in Britain include_microprocessors_, _computer_and biotechnology_ and other high-tech industries. 23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition_, with its own leader and “_shadow_ cabinet”.影子内阁 24. The Prime Minister is appointed by _the QUEEN_, and his/her official residence is _NO 10 Downing_. 25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales:country councils _ and _district councils_. 26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _innocence_ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. 27. The jury usually consists of _12_ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _15_ persons in Scotland. 28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the HOUSE of Lords_. 29. In Britain the welfare 福利state applies mainly to _the National heathy service_, national insurance and social security_. 社会安全30. The two established churches in Britain are _the Church of England_ and _the Church of Scotland_. 31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (_5,4_ in Northen Ireland) and _16_. 32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _eleven-plus_升学考试_, which was replaced by _comprehensive schools_综合学校. 33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into further education_继续进修 and _high education_. 34. The most-known universities in Britain are _Oxford_ and _Cambridge_ which date from the _12th_ and _13th_ centuries. 35. In _1959_, Alaska阿拉斯加州 and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states. 36. In the Great Lakes, only _Machigan_ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada. 37. _Alaska_ is separated from the main land by Canada. 38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _the continental Divide_. 美国大陆落基山脉分水岭39. _Texas_ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S. 德克萨斯州40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _the Intermountain Basin盆地 and plateau_高原_. 41. The South is the headquarters 总部of a large segment划分 of the _rocket_ and _missile_导弹_ industry. 42. New England is sometimes called the _birthplace_ of America. 43. _Mobility_迁移率_ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year. 44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in 1619_. 45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the _Chinese-Americans_. III. Explain the following terms. 3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England. 7. the Hundred Years War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The 9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. 10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the kings power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years. 11. Bloody Mary Henry VIIIs daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais. 14. the Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These limitations serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property. They guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the governments power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. 15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissid