高考英语六选四解题技巧讲解及练习.doc

高考英语六选四解题技巧讲解及练习一 考点分析 分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，但理解难度提高。考察方式：给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和6个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。每个选项2分。考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选材特点：短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。二、专题六选四解题技巧解题步骤：1. 通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。2. 阅读选项，根据选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。3. 仔细阅读空前空后，寻找并划出关键词。根据关键词，联系选项，基本确定需要填入句子的内容。4. 通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。答题技巧：（一） 注意关键词：注意关键词：名形代数（名词形容词代词数词），连动标注（连词动词标点/标题）。1. 词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。例1：同词复现The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses.So they are called “diseases of civilization”.Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. A.Stone Age people lived a simple life. B.But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these. C. In that case,they would live much healthier. D.Ancient people have not lots of physical exercise. E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. F.People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.例2：反义词复现On the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.The following are its advantages. B.However, there may be a number of disadvantages. C.Consider a distance education. D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.例3：派生词复现Dont fear people._. The reason why most people dont take risks is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve,you must give up the need to be liked by everybody. A.Focus on your own talents and strengths. B.Never let others opinions guide your choices. C.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.2. 同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系最紧密。例1：Everybody gets stressed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:First: Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a “trusted adult”, such as parent or other relatives. . They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. Anddont forget about your friends.3. 代词提示：代词出现频率极高，用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。常用代词：you.，your., mine,yours,his，hers，its，ours，theirs ，myself，this，that，these，those，all，both，each，every, anybody，something，no one,none,some,any，no，who，whom，whose，what,which, that, as。例： _73_.Theysay the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger. C.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.（2） 注意逻辑关系：找准文章衔接词，理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。主要逻辑关系包括：1.并列关系：first(ly),second(ly)，；first，then/next，；in the first place,in the second place,；for one thing,for another thing,等；2.递进关系：too, also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whats more,in addition,notbut,not onlybut also等；3.解释例证关系：for example，for instance，in fact/as a matter of fact,actually,in other words/thats to say等；4.因果关系：because,because of,for,as,since,in that,on account of,with,so,so that,therefore,thereby,as a result,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等；5. 对比转折关系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,on the contrary等6.概括归纳关系：in short,in brief,in summary,generally speaking, in general,to conclude, in conclusion, in a word,to sum up等。例1：As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. You do be sure that you understand;you do be sure that you understand your symbols. Otherwise,_ AUse words, not complete sentences. BThere are three practical note-taking methods. CYou must write your notes on separate paper. D. you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.（3） 注意考察空格位置：1. 小标题：根据所在小段落内容进行归纳总结。）例：_.Telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed.Most of them will feel sympathy if you say,”Im working to remember names better.Yours is right on the tip of my tongue.What is it again?” A.If you cant remember his name,you may not tell him the truth.B. Admit you dont know. C.Recite and repeat names. D.Let others help you remember their names.2.正文中文章首句：A.全文主题句；B.引出全文主题的句子（主题在其后）；文章末句:全文的总结（往往与开头呼应）；段落首句：A.段落主题句；B.段落间的过渡句（与上段呼应）；段落末句：A.段落主题句；B.（承上启下）引出下一段；段内句子：（承上启下）的过渡句；Exercise 1We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. Here are some suggestions on how to give a good speech. 1 First of all, it is important to plan. Do your homework. Find out everything you can about your subject. And, at the same time, find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Do they have a common interest? Why are they coming to hear your speech? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. 2 What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Are you introducing another speaker? Giving a lecture? Convincing someone? There are many possible speaking roles, and they are all different from each other. Make sure you know into which category you fit. Dont spoil your speech by confusing one speaking role with another.Let us suppose that you have been asked to introduce the main speaker at a meeting. First, find out the most important and interesting things about the speaker. Then, summarize this information in a few words. 3 And, most important, be brief. Remember, you are not the main speaker; you are introducing the main speaker.If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures or charts if they will help you make your points more clearly. 4 Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.（原文320字）A. A successful speech takes your audience on a journey from why to how. B. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech.C. Never forget your audience.D. Our speech will be appreciated by the audience.E. It is all right to tell a joke if it is in good taste and will not embarrass the speaker.F. Here are some simple steps to take to the pain out of speech-making. Keys: F B E CExercise 2Lets say you launch a new business venture and it doesnt go well at first. Perhaps it loses money and wastes a lot of your time and energy. _1_ Here are my observations.The excited minority.If the average person looks at your product and says some version of a “Thats a good idea”, it means nothing. _2_Instead, you want some slice of the general public to be crazily enthusiastic about your product no matter what everyone else thinks.When Dilbert first launched in newspapers, it got a bad reaction from the majority of readers. However, a minority of newspaper-comics readersit might have been 5% at mostwere unusually excited about Dilbert, which leads me to my second point.Watch their hands, not their mouths.In my experience, one of the most reliable indicators that your product will be a hit involves your customers hands. In the early days of Dilbert, people were cutting out their favorite strips from newspapers and hanging them on walls. _3_ People were putting Dilbert in their PowerPoint presentations, and that requires hands on the keyboard. If your customers me only responding with words, lower your expectations. But if they start using their hands, strap yourself in; its going to be a ride._4_A product that is going to someday be a home run is almost always popular in the first clunky version.For example, the first cell phones were terrible products by todays standards. They were the size of bricks and they dropped calls like crazy. But that didnt slow the demand. People wanted the bad version of cell phones from Day One. It was the same pattern with fax machines, automobiles and personal computers, to name a few.Im sure there are exceptions to all my observations. If you hope to amaze people with your product or business, look for three things to predict success: early zealots(狂热者), customer demand despite obvious product flaws (缺陷）,and customers who are responding with their hands.A.Be a home run.B.The bad version works.C.That requires the use of hands to operate the scissors, tape and pushpins.D.Theres a fine line between an optimist and an idiot, and knowing when to quit is usually the divider.E.How do you know when you should press forward and when it makes more sense to give up?F.There is no predictive power in discovering that people have a favorable view of what youre trying to sell.KEYS: E F C B Exercise 3From New York Times: super-achieving moms on Wall Street have househusbands! The report pointed to a tenfold increase (since 1980) in the number of women in finance with stay-at-home husbands, allowing them to achieve success without the distractions of housework and child raising._1_ And I dont doubt the increase in the number of households where husbands and wives are exchanging roles, but this arrangement isnt really new. The real news is that until recently, noone wanted to admit it.Ive been covering the elite(精英) class of big law firms for over 10 years, and I can tell youthat many of the women who make it to the top often have a man at home whos taking care of the kids, planning the meals, and otherwise keeping the fireplace fired up. Indeed, you can go to any number of big firms in New York City where theres a handful of female partners (the national average for female equity partners has barely surpassed 16%), and the gossip among the associates is that those women in power are either single or married to men who stay at home. “They seem to belong to some sort of househusband club,” said one associate about the female partners with kids._2_I sensed that reluctance when I did a story on female partners at big Wall Street firms with househusbands a few years ago. Though three couples were happy to speak to me on the record about their arrangement, many more held back from going public.Often, successful women are reluctant to admit that their husband is really the one minding the home. “He has primary responsibility for the kids, but he also works on the side,” explained one partner about how her husband spends his time. _3_ “Hes doing consulting” is a popular explanation.All of this points to our rooted uncertainty about changing gender roles. Men in these situations often feel alienated (格格不入的)，particularly if they are surrounded by stay-at-home moms. _4_A.They just didnt like to talk about it.B.That formula shouldnt surprise anyone.C.We live in a country that doesnt have much of a safety net for anyone.D.But when she was pressed about what type of work the husband does, the reply is often vague.E.This typical arrangement may be more long-lasting if the wife makes an enormous amount of money. F.But the power moms with the stay-at-home husbands are just as uneasy, often more embarrassed than proud that theyve upset the traditional order.KEYS: B A D F Exercise 4We often hear passionate arguments about how American students have too much homework, or too little. But I believe what should matter to parents and educators is this: How effectivelydo childrens after-school assignment advance learning?Fortunately, research is available to help parents, teachers and school administrators make homework smarter._1_ Instead of concentrating the study of information in large one-shot doses (剂量), as many homework assignments currently do, learners encounter the same material in briefer sessions spread out over a longer period of time.A second learning technique, known as “retrieval practice”,employs a familiar tool the testin a new way: not to assess what students know,but to reinforce it. _2_ The self-quizzing involved in retrieval practice is simply an effective way to focus less on the input of knowledge (passively reading over textbooks and notes) and more on its output (calling up that same information from ones own brain).In another common misconception, most of us assume that if information feels easy to absorb, weve learned it well. In fact, just the opposite is true. When we work