B7U1 Period5 grammar--infinitive学案 Maria.doc

B7U1 Period5 grammar学案 Maria 不定式（the Infinitive） 班级_ 姓名_ 学号_ 得分_ 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作_、_、_、_、_、_等。I. 辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. 4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. 8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. II. 不定式在句中的功能1. 做主语:那样做是很幼稚的._is childish. * 为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置.要学好英语不是那么容易的。_.2. 做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。She loves_ the matter.他希望不久能找到工作.He hopes_ a job soon.常接不定式做宾语的动词有：feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语, 补语是形容词(间或是名词), 常用it作形式宾语, 把不定式后移.I find it difficult to work with him.3. 做宾语补足语: Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me _(clean) the room with him.常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: * The policeman saw a child_(play) in the street.后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: 一感： 二听： 三使： 五看：注意：*A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.l Mother made John_(洗车) for a week. _4.做表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容.My work is to clean the room every day.我的梦想是成为一名医生.His dream is_.5.做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do（许多要做的工作）.I have _（要说的事).He is looking for _(一个住的房间).There is_(没什么可担心的事).* (1. 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词. 2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，后置定语通常用to do)请给我一支写字的笔._不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。6.做状语(1) 做目的状语，常用的结构：to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ suchas to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.(2) 做结果状语 ：常与副词only , so/such, enough 或too连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.(3) 不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.7. 独立结构 To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. to be frank, _ to be honest,_ 8. 与疑问词who,which, when, how, what, whether等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。.不定式有时和疑问词一起构成宾语.Do you remember which way to get there?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Have you decided _ next?我来问他怎么样操作这机器.Ill ask him_ the machine.我不知道该对这件事笑还是哭。I didnt know _about it.(主语) 如何解决这个问题很重要。_ is very important.。 (表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is_.* 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?III. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由： “not +不定式”构成， 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please_in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names _make mistakes.IV. 不定式的时态和语态：形式主动被动一般式（ ）完成式（ ）进行式（ ）完成进行式（ ）他似乎知道这事。_很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。_他好象正在吃什么东西。_我希望再见到你。_据说她研究这问题有好多年了。_V. 课堂练习：1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. Were planning _ a party next week.A. to have B. have C. having D. had 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?- Neither.A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being taken5._ get a complete picture, further information is needed.A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. It s necessary _ some English grammar.A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D.of students learning7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so. A. remember to tell B. remember telling C. have remembered to tell D. have remembered telling8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home.A. Meant telling B. meant to telling C. Meant to having told D. meant to tellVI. 高考链接:(提升题)1.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. (2005 天津) A. To sound B. to be sounded C. Sounding D. to have sounded2.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.(2005 上海) A. had B. having C. to have D. have3. -Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005 江苏) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left4. -Can the project he finished as planned? -Sure,_ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. (2005福建)A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get 练习题答案：学案：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wishask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, feel, listen, hear, let, have, make, see, observe, watch, notice 课堂练习：1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path.B. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. Were planning _ a party next week.A. to have B. have C. having D. had 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?- Neither.B. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being taken5._ get a complete picture, further information is needed.B. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. It s necessary _ some English grammar.A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D.of students learning7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tell B. remember tellingC. have remembered to tell D. have remembered telling8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home.B. Meant telling B. meant to telling C. Meant to having told D. meant to tell高考链接1.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. (2005 天津)A. To sound B. to be sounded C. Sound