linux下的dhcp服务.docx

dhcp:动态主机配置协议 使用udp协议 端口为67（服务），68（客户）作用：动态分配地址等参数工作模式1. 手工 manualserver地址池 （ipmac） 2222-dhcpclient -地址 地址利用率低2. 自动 automaticserver 地址池 （起始地址 结束地址）dhcpclient -ip地址 mac-ip （永久）2222- 地址利用率低3 动态方式server 地址池 （起始地址 结束地址） dhcpclinet-ip地址 mac-ip（租期限制） 2222- 地址利用率高客户端获得地址过程： 1.dhcpdiscover -服务器2.dhcpoffer -3.dhcprequest -4.dhcpack -更新过程1. 重新启动 dhcprequest2. 50% dhcprequest 87.5% dhcpdiscover （重复获得地址4过程）100% 终止使用 169.254.x.xrootlocalhost # vim /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 清空dhcp缓存dhcp服务器使用：rootserver # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromrootserver # cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/rootserver Server# rpm -qi dhcp 查看是否安装dhcp服务rootserver Server# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-21.el5.i386.rpmrootserver Server# rpm -ql dhcp 查看dhcp安装配置脚本rootserver Server# man 5 /etc/dhcpd.conf 查看dhcp服务编辑帮助信息rootserver Server# vim /etc/dhcpd.conf 编辑dhcp服务脚本:r /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample 将样板拷到当前编辑脚本下subnet netmask 6 7 # - default gateway 8 option routers 54; 9 option subnet-mask ; 10 11 option domain-name ; 12 option domain-name-servers 8,5; 13 14 15 range dynamic-bootp 00; 16 default-lease-time 21600; 17 max-lease-time 43200; 18 19 # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address 20 host ns 21 next-server ; 22 hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD; 23 fixed-address 54;rootserver Server# service dhcpd startrootserver Server# chkconfig dhcpd on 开机自动启动rootserver Server# netstat -tupln |grep dhcp 配置验证：rootserver # rpm -qc dhcprootserver # vim /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 查看dhcp地址分配信息复制主机mac，进行mac地址绑定rootserver # vim /etc/dhcpd.conf# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address host web next-server ; hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:52:57:7c; fixed-address 0; rootserver # service dhcpd configtest 检查dhcp语法是否正确rootserver # service dhcpd restartmac地址绑定验证：地址排除：rootserver # vim /etc/dhcpd.confrootserver # service dhcpd restart地址排除后，进行mac地址绑定的主机任能获得绑定地址linux 下dhcp地址获取：客户机配置：rootserver # dhclient -d eth0 自动获取地址查看dhcp地址分配过称rootserver # ifconfig 查看地址获取信息超级作用域：配置步骤：rootlocalhost # vim /etc/dhcpd.confrootlocalhost # service dhcpd configtestrootlocalhost # service dhcpd restart在客户机1上验证：在客户机2上验证：dhcp中继：实质：广播包-单播包适用对象：dhcp clinet dhcpserver 不在同一网段时使用dhcp中继配置步骤：server服务器上eth0网卡配置：rootlocalhost # route n 查看是否配置默认路由rootlocalhost # vim /etc/dhcpd.confrootlocalhost # service dhcpd configtestrootlocalhost # service dhcpd restart路由器主机配置：（linux平台上实现）安装中继服务：rootlocalhost # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromrootlocalhost # cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/rootlocalhost Server# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-21.el5.i386.rpm rootlocalhost Server# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay 编辑中继配置文件rootlocalhost Server# service dhcrelay configtestrootlocalhost Server# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 编辑数据转发 7 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1rootlocalhost Server# sysctl -p 重启使生效 eth0配置：eth1配置：eth2配置：rootlocalhost # service network restart路由器主机ping server主机：server主机ping路由器主机各端口地址：rootlocalhost # chkconfig dhcrelay onrootlocalhost # service dhcrelay on 启动中继服务mkt客户机分配地址信息：tec客户机分配地址信息：路由器主机配置：（windows平台上实现）连接server 网卡配置：连接到tec网卡设置：连接到mkt网卡设置程序-管理工具-路由和远程访问本地服务-配置并启用远程路由访问-下一步-自定义-lan路由-完成ip路由选择-常规-新增路由协