java实现串口通信简单实例_潘伟2013-1.doc

Java实现串口通信简单实例前言本文档是基于对常用的RS232串行端口进行的测试结果1、下载java串口包sun的官方下载 /products/javacomm/只提供solaris平台x86/sparc架构及linux平台x86架构的扩展API，目前最新版本为3.0。windows平台的扩展包到以下地址下载，/projects/cricket/software/javaSerial.zip（两个文件夹里面有所需的3个文件），/Jolt/javacomm20-win32.zip和（完整的2.0版本，还有examples）。因为实在win xp平台中进行的开发测试，我下载的是javaSerial.zip，解压后有两个文件夹putInBin和putInLib，分别存放的是win32com.dll和comm.jar与perties文件。2、配置java串口包将解压得到的三个文件分别放入以下位置， perties- %JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib comm.jar- %JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/ext win32com.dll- %JAVA_HOME%/jre/bin如果应用程序提示找不到串口，解决这个问题的方法很简单，我们只须将上面提到的文件放到JRE相应的目录下就可以了。3、串口API简介3.1 m.CommPort这是用于描述一个被底层系统支持的端口的抽象类。它包含一些高层的IO控制方法，这些方法对于所有不同的通讯端口来说是通用的。SerialPort 和ParallelPort都是它的子类，前者用于控制串行端口而后者用于控这并口，二者对于各自底层的物理端口都有不同的控制方法。这里我们只关心SerialPort。3.2 m.CommPortIdentifier这个类主要用于对串口进行管理和设置，是对串口进行访问控制的核心类。主要包括以下方法确定是否有可用的通信端口；为IO操作打开通信端口；决定端口的所有权；处理端口所有权的争用；管理端口所有权变化引发的事件（Event）。3.3 m.SerialPort这个类用于描述一个RS-232串行通信端口的底层接口，它定义了串口通信所需的最小功能集。通过它，用户可以直接对串口进行读、写及设置工作。4、测试代码4.1简单测试代码/*Project: Test*Title: SimpleRead.java*Package TestSimpleRead*Description: TODO*createAuthor:AlbertPan*createDate:2013-1-17上午10:03:02* Copyright:2013四川久远新方向* version V1.0*/package TestSimpleRead;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;import m.*;public class SimpleRead implements Runnable, SerialPortEventListener static CommPortIdentifier portId; static Enumeration portList; InputStream inputStream; SerialPort serialPort; Thread readThread; public static void main(String args) portList = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers(); while (portList.hasMoreElements() portId = (CommPortIdentifier) portList.nextElement(); System.out.println(port +portId.getName(); if (portId.getPortType() = CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) if (portId.getName().equals(COM1) /if (portId.getName().equals(/dev/term/a) SimpleRead reader = new SimpleRead(); public SimpleRead() try serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open(SimpleReadApp, 2000); catch (PortInUseException e) try inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); catch (IOException e) try serialPort.addEventListener(this); catch (TooManyListenersException e) serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true); try serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600, SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1, SerialPort.PARITY_NONE); catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) readThread = new Thread(this); readThread.start(); public void run() try Thread.sleep(20000); catch (InterruptedException e) public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) switch(event.getEventType() case SerialPortEvent.BI: case SerialPortEvent.OE: case SerialPortEvent.FE: case SerialPortEvent.PE: case SerialPortEvent.CD: case SerialPortEvent.CTS: case SerialPortEvent.DSR: case SerialPortEvent.RI: case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY: break; case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE: byte readBuffer = new byte20; try while (inputStream.available() 0) int numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer); System.out.print(new String(readBuffer); catch (IOException e) break; 测试结果4.2 应用测试: windows中java实现的串口通信java实现源程序如下- 1 -package serial;import gnu.io.SerialPort;import java.util.HashMap;public class CommTest /* * windows中串口通信程序需要rxtxSerial.dll的支持,放到D:jdk1.5bin目录下即可 */ public static void main(String args) HashMap params = new HashMap(); params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_PORT, COM8); / 端口名称 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_RATE, 9600); / 波特率 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_TIMEOUT, 1000); / 设备超时时间 1秒 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_DELAY, 200); / 端口数据准备时间 1秒 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_DATABITS, SerialPort.DATABITS_8); / 数据位 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_STOPBITS, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1); / 停止位 params.put(SerialReader.PARAMS_PARITY, SerialPort.PARITY_NONE); / 无奇偶校验 SerialReader sr = new SerialReader(params); CommDataObserver bob = new CommDataObserver(bob); CommDataObserver joe = new CommDataObserver(joe); sr.addObserver(joe); sr.addObserver(bob); - 2 -package serial;import gnu.io.CommPort;import gnu.io.CommPortIdentifier;import gnu.io.NoSuchPortException;import gnu.io.PortInUseException;import gnu.io.SerialPort;import gnu.io.SerialPortEvent;import gnu.io.SerialPortEventListener;import gnu.io.UnsupportedCommOperationException;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.Enumeration;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Observable;import java.util.TooManyListenersException;/* * 串口数据读取类,用于windows的串口数据读取 * */public class SerialReader extends Observable implements Runnable, SerialPortEventListener static CommPortIdentifier portId; int delayRead = 200; int numBytes; / buffer中的实际数据字节数 private static byte readBuffer = new byte4096; / 4k的buffer空间,缓存串口读入的数据 static Enumeration portList; InputStream inputStream; SerialPort serialPort; HashMap serialParams; / 端口读入数据事件触发后,等待n毫秒后再读取,以便让数据一次性读完 public static final String PARAMS_DELAY = delay read; / 延时等待端口数据准备的时间 public static final String PARAMS_TIMEOUT = timeout; / 超时时间 public static final String PARAMS_PORT = port name; / 端口名称 public static final String PARAMS_DATABITS = data bits; / 数据位 public static final String PARAMS_STOPBITS = stop bits; / 停止位 public static final String PARAMS_PARITY = parity; / 奇偶校验 public static final String PARAMS_RATE = rate; / 波特率 /* * 初始化端口操作的参数. * see */ public SerialReader(HashMap params) serialParams = params; init(); private void init() try / 参数初始化 int timeout = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_TIMEOUT).toString(); int rate = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_RATE).toString(); int dataBits = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_DATABITS).toString(); int stopBits = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_STOPBITS).toString(); int parity = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_PARITY).toString(); delayRead = Integer.parseInt(serialParams.get(PARAMS_DELAY).toString(); String port = serialParams.get(PARAMS_PORT).toString(); / 打开端口 portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(port); serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open(SerialReader, timeout); inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); serialPort.addEventListener(this); serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true); serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate, dataBits, stopBits, parity); catch (PortInUseException e) System.out.println(端口已经被占用!); e.printStackTrace(); catch (TooManyListenersException e) System.out.println(端口监听者过多!); e.printStackTrace(); catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) System.out.println(端口操作命令不支持!); e.printStackTrace(); catch (NoSuchPortException e) System.out.println(端口不存在!); e.printStackTrace(); catch (IOException e) e.printStackTrace(); Thread readThread = new Thread(this); readThread.start(); /* * Method declaration * see */ public void run() try Thread.sleep(100); catch (InterruptedException e) /* * Method declaration * param event * * see */ public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) try / 等待1秒钟让串口把数据全部接收后在处理 Thread.sleep(delayRead); System.out.print(serialEvent + event.getEventType() + ); catch (InterruptedException e) e.printStackTrace(); switch (event.getEventType() case SerialPortEvent.BI: / 10 case SerialPortEvent.OE: / 7 case SerialPortEvent.FE: / 9 case SerialPortEvent.PE: / 8 case SerialPortEvent.CD: / 6 case SerialPortEvent.CTS: / 3 case SerialPortEvent.DSR: / 4 case SerialPortEvent.RI: / 5 case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY: / 2 break; case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE: / 1 try / 多次读取,将所有数据读入 / while (inputStream.available() 0) / numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer); / numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer); changeMessage(readBuffer, numBytes); catch (IOException e) e.printStackTrace(); break; / 通过observer pattern将收到的数据发送给observer / 将buffer中的空字节删除后再发送更新消息,通知观察者 public void changeMessage(byte message, int length) setChanged(); byte temp = new bytelength; System.arraycopy(message, 0, temp, 0, length); / System.out.println(msg + numBytes + : + new String(temp) + ); notifyObservers(temp); static void listPorts() Enumeration portEnum = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers(); while (portEnum.hasMoreElements() CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = (CommPortIdentifier) portEnum.nextElement(); System.out.println(portIdentifier.getName() + - + getPortTypeName(portIdentifier.getPortType(); static String getPortTypeName(int portType) switch (portType) case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_I2C: return I2C; case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_PARALLEL: return Parallel; case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_RAW: return Raw; case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_RS485: return RS485; case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL: return Serial; default: return unknown type; /* * return A HashSet conta