M7U2Reading知识点.doc

M7U2Reading（2）导学案Learning Aims:1. To learn some language points in this text to enlarge the vocabulary 2. To use the language points when doing the exercises. Learning Important and Difficult Points:1. Learn to analyze some long and complicated sentences.Step1.Phrases 91.集中于上 2.打开 3.有可能4.挽救的生命5.由制成 6.发生 7.以粉末形式 8.被制成片剂被出售9.最畅销的药10.减少心脏病的发作11.进行一项研究12.延长人类寿命13.被认为是14.在当代15. 在上试用某物16.使变纯17.成功地做成某事18.大量地19. 由于被广泛使用20. 在有运用21.证明对有益Step2.Important words1.Both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.beneficial adj. 有益的；有用的 n/v _【归纳拓展】be beneficial to = (be of benefit to )有益于benefit sb/ sth 对某人、某物有益benefit from/ by 受益，因.得益for the benefit of sb.=for sbs benefit 为了某人的利益【实战演练】1. 阳光和水对生物有益。_2. 在农村呆上一段时间对你的身体有益。_3.What the expert has said and done will be _to the department managers. A.value B.benefit C.of valuable D.of benefit2.The article will focus on two drugs that started a revolution in medicine. focus: n. 焦点，关注点，中心点（指人或物）；the focus of v.（使）调节焦距，集中光束于focus on 集中于,致力于把兴趣集中于This year our meeting focuses on the question of childrens rights_Each exercise_ a different grammar point. 每个练习各有不同的语法重点。听演讲时，要注意演讲者的要点。【知识拓展】focus on 把集中于1. focus ones attention/efforts/energy on / upon sb./sth 集中（注意力、努力、精力等）于；把集中在上；2.focus ones mind/minds on / upon sb./sth 把思想/心思集中在上；3.focus ones eyes/gaze on 注视着3. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.open up打开（门、容器等）；营业，开业；开辟，开创，开拓 They opened the country up to trade ._ In this way they _ a favourable situation. 他们就这样开辟了有利的新局面。【知识拓展】：be open to _in the open air _open fire on/upon/at _keep ones eyes open_lay open_单项选择：1).The restaurant _ all ,without distinction of colour.A .opens up B.is open to C .opens with D.throws open2).-Would you like to go out?-Yes ,I like playing _ .A.in the open air B.lay open C.into the open D.in open3).Dont open fire _ him without permission.A.at B.in C.of D. with4. Its likely that sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 这趟火车很可能晚点。【知识拓展】：likely / possible / probable 1). likely常用于以下结构中sb/sth. is likely to do sth. It is likely + that clause 做定语 ，适当的,正合要求的2). possible 常用于以下结构中It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. It is possible that3). probable只用于下列句型 Its probable that 【知识运用】：1. 一句多译 ：他可能会把车借给我们。1). I think it quite _ that we will reach the railway station before the train leaves. A. perhaps B. possibly C. likely D. probably 2). What do you think is the most _ result? A. like B. likely C. possibly D. probably3). Was it when no one had been _ to do that that he came to deal with it?A. maybe B. possible C. likely D. probable 4). Is there any _ of our getting there in time?A. possible B. probable C. likely D. possibility5). It is _ for us to finished the work ahead of time.A. possible B. possibly C.likely D. probably5. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.1.） chew: vt. 1.) 嚼,咀嚼,嚼碎 He chews gum. _ 2.) 深思,细想,熟虑(+over) Ill chew the problem over for a few days. _He chewed over the problem for several days before making his decision. _2.） possess vt.具有，拥有He decided to give away everything he _ and become a monk.他打算放弃他所拥有的一切去当和尚。The country possesses rich mineral deposits._【归纳拓展】 possession n.take possession of占有 get possession of 拿到， 占有sb be in possession of sth 某人占有某物sth be in the possession of sb 某物被某人占有-Does the young man standing there _the company?-No. The company is _his father.A. in possession of; in the possession of B. have possession of ; in the possession ofC. take possession of ; in possession ofD. have possession of; in possession of6.potential 形容词也可作名词，意为潜力，潜能，可能性。Her boss doesnt find her potential abilities.Lucy has acting potential, but she needs training.常见搭配：with potential 有潜力 have the potential to do sth. 有可能做某事 the potential for sth. 有可能出现/发生某事【实战演练】我们还有可能回到从前吗？_.7. About 2,500 years ago , the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect. 【知识拓展】：be made of_ be made from_make into_ be made into _ make up 组成，构成；占有多少比例； 创造，编选，编造，虚构 和好，言归于好 弥补，补考，把补上，赔偿，补足 化妆，打扮make up for _ make for 导致，有助于，走向be made up of _ make sense_make out“勉强分辨出；勉强认出（字迹等）”， “理解【知识运用】： 1. The desk is made _ wood . 2. Paper is made_ wood . 3. The team is made_ 30 students and a teacher .4.A happy parent _r a happy child5. This kind of glass is made _ paper . 6.The old bridge is made_ stone . 7. Our teacher told us that water was made _oxygen and hydrogen. 8. This piece of wood will be made _ a small bench. 9. I heard the voices, but couldnt _what they were saying.10. He rose from his seat and_ the door.8.The first trials of this medicine take place in 1899, (L13-14 ) 1. take place 发生【知识拓展】：表示“发生”的几种表达:take place指“（某事）按计划进行或 “举行” happen一般用于偶然或突发性事件 occur作“发生”解，其意义相当于 happen “想到、突然想起”sth occur to sb / it occurred to sb that 某人忽然想起come about多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,用于疑问句和否定句break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难,疾病或者争吵1).Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. broke out B. came out C. came about D. happened 2)Great change _ in the rural areas in the past two decades.A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening3). I _ be at the station when he arrived.A. occurred to B. happened to C. took place D. broke out2. trial n. 试验,审判e.g. The trials show that smoking will do harm to people. 试验显示抽烟对人体有害。on trial 在试验中，在受审 他在受审讯。He is _ _.9. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too. (L38-39)try on _try out _try sth. out on _try out for 竞争， 参加选拔I went to the tailors to _my new suit.The teacher told us that she would _the theory.The drug _humans yetHow many students _the football team this year?10. as well as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。如： I am going to London and my sister is going as well（going，too）.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。 may/mightas well 在口语中也可用于句中，作“也好，也行”或“倒不如”解，用来缓和语气。如：The weather was so bad that we might（just）as well have stayed at home.天气太坏了，早知道如此，倒不如呆在家里为好。 You may as well go.你去也好。 as well 可以直接用于just后，用作应答语（可视为Its just as well、的省略），作“幸亏，幸而；无妨；没关系”解。如： We were too late to see the film. Just as well。I hear it isnt very good. 我们去得太晚了，没有看上电影。 不必遗憾，我听说电影也不怎么样1) They play all kinds of instruments and sing _. A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as 2)Im sure I was right. It is just _ I didnt lend him the money. A. so well B. as well as C. as well D. the same as 11. Since the new drug, the government approval process was accelerated approval (n.)批准，通过，赞成，同意 【反义】 disapprovalhave ones approval 获得某人的赞同give ones approval to 某人批准with/ without approval of 经/未经的批准/同意vapprove 赞成， 同意， 批准， 通过approve of sb/ sth 赞成，同意在某人某事1)恐怕你的父母不会同意你去那儿Im afraid your parents wont _ _ your going there.2)If only the committee _the rules and put them into effect as soon as possible.A.will approve B.will approve of C.would approve D.would approve of Step3 Important sentences1. Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.Not only 位于句首，用部分倒装Not only should students learn from books but also they should learn by experience.Not only did he like reading stories but he could even write some.【知识拓展】具有否定意义的副词或介词短语放于句首时，主句都需要部分倒装。例如：hardly, seldom, little, never, nor, neither, by no means, in no way, not until, not only 等Never have I been to the Great Wall.我从没有去过长城。He cant speak English. Nor can I.他不会讲英语，我也不会。By no means _.他绝对不是一个作家。Not until midnight _.直到半夜他才回家。Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.【实战演练】 Never in my wildest dreams _ imagine these people are living in such poor conditions. A. I couldB. could IC. I couldntD. couldnt I They have a good knowledge of English, but little _ they know about German. A. haveB. didC. hadD. do Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfiedAt the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie2. However, it was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. 强调句型的基本结构：_ 对 “not until (till)”结构中状语进行强调时，not需被置于强调部分中，构成“_”结构。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.It was not until 12 oclock that he came back. (陈述句: He didnt come back until 12 oclock.)It was _ back home after the experiments.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go【实战演练】1 It was ten oclock _ he came back.2 It was at ten oclock _ he came back.A. that B. when C. so D. which3. It is what you do rather than what you say _matters. （05天津） A. that B. what C. which D. this 3 about how it can help increase the length of peoples lives . a. 在此句中，how 引导的是一个_从句，语序是_1). I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom2). These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they costb. increase the length of peoples lives 意思是：_完成下表，并总结规律形容词名词动词LonghighwidedeepstrongExercise( )1. The audience listened carefully to the lecturer with their eyes _ on the screen. A. to focus B. focusing C. being focused D. focused( )2. He recommended _ a special committee to look into the incident.A. to set up B. setting down C. setting up D. to set down( )3. The old man has four sons, and _ are college students.A. four of them B. all of them C. three of whom D. all of whom( )4. It was _he had taken in by such a little child _ surprised us. A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D.that; what( )5. It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that; what B. what; that C. when; what D. when; that( )6. Some areas, _ their bad weather conditions, are hardly populated.A. due to B. but for C. in spite of D. thanks to( )7. He left for America in 2000, and it wasnt long _ he became an American citizen. A. when B. before C. since D. after( )8. It was obvious that they did it all _ of friendship. A. by the name of B. in name of C. in the name of D. by name of( )9. Doctor Lawrence Craven introduced the idea in 1953 _ aspirin could reduce the risks of heart attracts by thinning blood. A. / B.how C. what D. that ( )10. In 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet _ 500 milligrams of ASA. A. contains B.includes C. containing D. including( )11. As we all know, Shakespeare was not _with Dickens. A.connected B.concerned C. comparable D.contemporary ( )12._ penicillin not been available, many people _ from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. A. Have; would have died B. Had; would have died C. Were; would die D.Should; would died ( )13. This kind of medicine can not be widely used because it has not been _ on humans yet. A. tried out B. tested out C. experimented out D. inspected out ( )14. Fortunately, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch. A. to B. by C. from D. at ( )15.After her bitter experience,she has _ a stronger person.