linux用户与组管理.doc

Linux LinuxShell1useraddCODE:useradd CODE:-c comment -d -m-g -G -s Shell Shell-u -o 21CODE:# useradd Cd /usr/sam -m samsam-d-msam/usr/sam/usr2CODE:# useradd -s /bin/sh -g group CG adm,root gemgemShell/bin/shgroupadmrootgroup#groupadd groupgroupadd adm/etc/passwd/etc/shadow, /etc/groupLinuxuserconf3/etc/passwduserdelCODE:userdel -rCODE:# userdel samsam/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group4ShellusermodCODE:usermod -c, -d, -m, -g, -G, -s, -u-ouseraddCODE:-l CODE:# usermod -s /bin/ksh -d /home/z Cg developer samsamShellksh/home/zdeveloper5ShellpasswdCODE:passwd CODE:-l -u -d -f samCODE:$ passwdOld password:*New password:*Re-enter new password:*CODE:# passwd samNew password:*Re-enter new password:*passwd8CODE:# passwd -d samsamsampasswd-l(lock)CODE:# passwd -l samLinuxLinux Linux/etc/group1groupaddCODE:groupadd CODE:-g GID GID-o -gGIDGID1CODE:# groupadd group1group112CODE:#groupadd -g 101 group2group21012groupdelCODE:groupdel CODE:#groupdel group1group13groupmodCODE:groupmod CODE:-g GID -o -gGIDGID-n 1CODE:# groupmod -g 102 group2group21022CODE:# groupmod Cg 10000 -n group3 group2group210000group34newgrpCODE:$ newgrp rootrootroot/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group1/etc/passwdLinux/etc/passwdCODE: cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:Superuser:/:daemon:x:1:1:System daemons:/etc:bin:x:2:2:Owner of system commands:/bin:sys:x:3:3:Owner of system files:/usr/sys:adm:x:4:4:System accounting:/usr/adm:uucp:x:5:5:UUCP administrator:/usr/lib/uucp:auth:x:7:21:Authentication administrator:/tcb/files/auth:cron:x:9:16:Cron daemon:/usr/spool/cron:listen:x:37:4:Network daemon:/usr/net/nls:lp:x:71:18:Printer administrator:/usr/spool/lp:sam:x:200:50:Sam san:/usr/sam:/bin/sh/etc/passwd(7CODE:Shell18/(.)(-)(+)2/etc/passwdLinux SVR4shadow/etc/shadow/etc/passwdx*3Shell065 5350root199100Linux5004/etc/group5)Linux Linuxfinger6)7)ShellShellLinuxLinuxShellsh(Bourne Shell), csh(C Shell), ksh(Korn Shell), tcsh(TENEX/TOPS-20 type C Shell), bash(Bourne Again Shell)ShellShellshShell/bin/shShellLinux psuedo users/etc/passwdShellCODE: bin sys adm uucp UUCPlp lplpdnobody NFSaudit, cron, mail, usenet/etc/passwdLinux/etc/shadow2/etc/shadow/etc/passwdpwconv/etc/passwd/etc/passwd:CODE:1/etc/passwd213 ./0-9A-Za-z 3SCO Linux 19701145678/etc/shadowCODE: cat /etc/shadowroot:Dnakfw28zf38w:8764:0:168:7:daemon:*:0:0:bin:*:0:0:sys:*:0:0:adm:*:0:0:uucp:*:0:0:nuucp:*:0:0:auth:*:0:0:cron:*:0:0:listen:*:0:0:lp:*:0:0:sam:EkdiSECLWPdSa:9740:0:0:3/etc/groupLinux /etc/passwdnewgrp/etc/group/etc/passwd(CODE:1/etc/passwd2Linux *34/b(,)/etc/group# cat /etc/groupCODE:root:0:rootbin:2:root,binsys:3:root,uucpadm:4:root,admdaemon:5:root,daemonlp:7:root,lpusers:20:root,samLinuxuseraddLinux1/etc/passwdUIDxuser.txtCODE:user001:600:100:user:/home/user001:/bin/bashuser002:601:100:user:/home/user002:/bin/bashuser003:602:100:user:/home/user003:/bin/bashuser004:603:100:user:/home/user004:/bin/bashuser005:604:100:user:/home/user005:/bin/bashuser006:605:100:user:/home/user006:/bin/bash2root/usr/sbin/newusersuser.txtCODE:# newusers user.txtvipwvi /etc/passwd/etc/passwd3/usr/sbin/pwunconv/etc/shadowshadow/etc/passwd/etc/shadowshadowshadow passwordCODE:# pwunconv4passwd.txtCODE:user001:user002:user003:user004:user005:user006:5root/usr/sbin/chpasswdchpasswd/usr/bin/passwd/etc/passwdCODE:# chpasswd passwd.txt6/etc/passwd/usr/sbin/pwconvshadow password/etc/shadowCODE:# pwconv/homeLinuxrootsurootrootwwwadmApache Web ServerhttpdwwwwwwadmwwwApache/usr/local/httpd/htdocsrootshutdownLinuxsudosudosudorootsudoroot1sudo/etc/sudoerssudo/etc/sudoersCODE:liming ALL=(ALL) ALLliminglimingsudorootformatlimingCODE:# sudo /usr/sbin/useradd sam/usr/sbinPATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin;export PATHwhereis CODE:We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local SystemAdministrator. It usually boils down to these two things:#1) Respect the privacy of others.#2) Think before you type.Password:liminguseraddroot/etc/sudoers Visudo/etc/sudoers2gemsunrebootshutdown/etc/sudoersCODE:gem sun=/usr/sbin/reboot/usr/sbin/shutdowngemrebootCODE:$ sudo /usr/sbin/reboot%CODE:%cuug ALL=(ALL) ALL3/etc/sudoersUser_Alias, Host_Alias, Cmnd_AliasCODE:Host_Alias SERVER=no1User_Alias ADMINS=liminggemCmnd_Alias SHUTDOWN=/usr/sbin/halt/usr/sbin/shutdown/usr/sbin/rebootADMINS SERVER=SHUTDOWN4CODE:ADMINS ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALLADMINSNOPASSWD:5sudoCODE:$ sudo ClCODE:User liming may run t