MATLAB实验基础.doc

MATLAB界面上可分为三个区 1，指令区（command window）右，2工作区（work window）左上3指令历史（command history）左下一： MATLAB变量与工作空间管理命令名意义Clear清除工作区的变量及函数Length计算向量的长度（占多少字节）Who列出工作空间中的变量名称Whos。及大小具体信息 MATLAB命令窗口控制语句clc清除指令窗口Quit,exit终止MATLAB运行矩阵函数Magic魔方矩阵eye单位矩阵Diag（ 数字间用逗号或空格，混合也可以 ）对角矩阵Inv逆矩阵Ones一 矩阵Zeros零矩阵（无two 等矩阵 ）特殊变量与函数Ans储存最近结果I,j虚数单位Pi圆周率矩阵处理Fliplr矩阵左右翻转Flipud矩阵上下翻转Rot90逆时针90度A转置（行列互换）二：典型的逻辑功能：1， 魔方。a=magic(4)表示a是4*4的魔方矩阵。若无“a=”则此魔方不可被调用。2， Sum(a)。求矩阵a的各行的和，3， Sum(a).。求矩阵a的各列的和，4， Trace（a）。求矩阵的主对角线的和，5， Rot90(a).对a进行逆时针旋转90度，6， Trace（rot90(a)）。求a的负对角线的和，7， Rank (a)。求矩阵的秩8， Eig（a）.求矩阵的特征根。9， Abs(m)求m的绝对值10， Sqrt(m)开根号11， Real(m), 实部image(m) 虚部12， Diag（1，1，1）对，Diag（1，1，1）错，对角阵13， Prod（1:5）5！14， N=input (n=).输入n值15， Subplot(1,2,1)一张纸上一行两列第一图左图MATLAB花色图标可以仿真绘制波形step/信号源scope示波器16，三：a=1,2,3;4,5,6 =1,2,3;4,5,6; =1,2,3;4,5,6; =1,2,3;4,5,6;1 ，a = 1 2 3 4 5 6b=magic(4)b = 16 2 3 13 5 11 10 8 9 7 6 12 4 14 15 1 bans = 16 5 9 4 2 11 7 14 3 10 6 1513 8 12 1TT11 = 0 0 0 0 0.0075 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0058 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0138 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0091 0 0 0 0 0 0.0039 0 0 0 0 0 0.0134 0 TT11(1)ans = 0 TT11(1,5)ans = 0.00752， 求方程的解（注意要在英文状态下写） Y=3x3-9x2-3x+9p=3,-9,-3,9;roots(p)ans = 3.0000 -1.0000 1.00003，多项式相乘A=(X2+2X+3),B=(X+2)a=1,2,3;b=1,2;C=conv(a,b)C = 1 4 7 64,根据数据绘图，并求最接近点的线的函数 T=0:0.1:1;y=sin(t); P=polyfit(t,y,1) / 1 指最高次幂P=0.8518 0.0299 /得到项系数Y1=0.8518*t+0.0299;/输入Plot(t,y,*,t,y1,r-) /画图t=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9;y=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; polyfit(t,y,1)ans = 1.0000 0.0000 y1=t;plot(t,y)5 程序流程语句 循环语句 ：s=0;for(t=1:1:100)s=s+t;/括号可去end ss = 5050 n=1n = 1 while prod(1:n) nn = 5条件语句n=input (n=)n=5n = 5n=input (n=);if n6 a=7;else a=0 ;endn=4 aa = 0n=-8;m=-7;if (n0) a=5 ;elseif(n0) & (m aa = 66,绘图直角坐标图:plot(t,y1,r-,t,y2,b*).一张图上两个曲线 Plot(t,y1,r-) holdon Plot(t,y2,r-)title(.).加标题xlabel(th),ylabel(y1)该横纵坐标名称gtext(y2=cos(th);手控在曲线上加内容text(1,0.5,y=si n(t).在固定位置处加名称legend(sin,cos)加标注按顺序以示区分grid on网格扩分gridoff不加网格扩分title要在plot之后axis(-1,7,-2,2)横纵坐标范围th=0:0.1:2*pi;y1=sin(th);subplot(1,2,1),plot(th,y1,r:),title(sin),xlabel(th),ylabel(y1),grid on;y2=cos(th);subplot(1,2,2),plot(th,y2),title(cos),xlabel(th),ylabel(y2), gtext(y2=cos(th),axis(-1,7,-2,2)火柴杆图 t=0:0.1:2*pi; y=sin(t); stem(t,y)极坐标图polar t=0:0.1:2*pi; y=sin(t);polar(t,y)x=-2:0.2:2;y=sin(x);subplot(2,2,1),stairs(x,y),title(a)stairs)subplot(2,2,2),compass(cos(x),y),title(b)compass)subplot(2,2,3),hist(y,20),title(c)hist)三维曲面及三视图x,y=meshgrid(-50:2:50,-50:2:50);z=1./(1-x.2+y.2).0.5+1./(1+x.2+y.2).0.5; subplot(2,2,1), surf(x,y,z,c)；/三维图c表示彩色曲面subplot(2,2,2),surf(x,y,z),view(0,0);/主视图subplot(2,2,3),surf(x,y,z),view(-90,0);/左视图subplot(2,2,4),surf(x,y,z),view(0,90);/俯视图colarbar/提示高度的彩色条eps无穷小inf无穷大Arithmetic operators. plus - Plus + uplus - Unary plus + minus - Minus - uminus - Unary minus - mtimes - Matrix multiply * times - Array multiply .* mpower - Matrix power power - Array power . mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide / ldivide - Left array divide . rdivide - Right array divide ./ kron - Kronecker tensor product kron Relational operators. eq - Equal = ne - Not equal = lt - Less than le - Less than or equal = Logical operators. relop - Short-circuit logical AND & relop - Short-circuit logical OR | and - Element-wise logical AND & or - Element-wise logical OR | not - Logical NOT xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR any - True if any element of vector is nonzero all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero Special characters. colon - Colon : paren - Parentheses and subscripting ( ) paren - Brackets paren - Braces and subscripting punct - Function handle creation punct - Decimal point . punct - Structure field access . punct - Parent directory . punct - Continuation . punct - Separator , punct - Semicolon ; punct - Comment % punct - Invoke operating system command ! punct - Assignment = punct - Quote transpose - Transpose . ctranspose - Complex conjugate transpose horzcat - Horizontal concatenation , vertcat - Vertical concatenation ; subsasgn - Subscripted assignment ( ), ,. subsref - Subscripted reference ( ), ,. subsindex - Subscript indexmetaclass - Metaclass for MATLAB class ?function W=Untitled(vx,vy,w)PP=3.1415926;a1=PP/4;a3=PP/4;a2=-PP/4;a4=-PP/4;b1=0;b2=0;b3=0;b4=0;c1=0.9273;c2=2.2143;c3=4.0689; c4=-0.9273;r1=75;r2=75;r3=75;r4=75;L1=500; L2=500; L3=500; L4=500;z=0;T11=-cos(a1-b1)/(r1*sin(a1);T12=-sin(b1-a1)/(r1*sin(a1);T13=-L1*sin(b1-a1-c1)/(r1*sin(a1);T14=0;T21=-cos(a2-b2)/(r2*sin(a2);T22=-sin(b2-a2)/(r2*sin(a2);T23=-L2*sin(b2-a2-c2)/(r2*sin(a2);T24=0;T31=-cos(a3-b3)/(r3*sin(a3);T32=-sin(b3-a3)/(r3*sin(a3);T33=-L3*sin(b3-a3-c3)/(r3*sin(a3);T34=0;T41=-cos(a4-b4)/(r4*sin(a4);T42=-sin(b4-a4)/(r