初中英语英汉互译.doc

1.把收起来2.两张纸3想试一下4.整理床铺5.修飞机6.回家度假7.向窗外看8.旅行的照片9.包饺子10.放风筝11.准备上学12.在6号座位13.shopping list14.have riae for every meal15.Dont thank goodness16.take time17.too cheap18.the name of the machine19.have fun doing sth20.get ready for21.the most famous1.把收起来 put away2.两张纸 two pieces of paper 3想试一下 think about 4.整理床铺 make the bed5.修飞机 repair the airplane6.回家度假 go home for a holiday7.向窗外看 look out of the window8.旅行的照片 the photos for tourist9.包饺子 make dumplings10.放风筝 fly the kite11.准备上学 prepare for school12.在6号座位 sit on the NO.6 table13.shopping list 购物清单14.have riae for every meal 每顿吃米饭15.Dont thank goodness 不要谢天谢地了16.take time 从容进行17.too cheap 太便宜18.the name of the machine 机器的名字19.have fun doing sth做某事很有趣20.get ready for 准备做某事21.the most famous 最出名的1.我们要学会如何应对各种麻烦2.请到街道另一边下车1.We should learn how to deal with all kinds of trouble.2.Please park your car on the other side of the street1.第25页 2.第一人民医院 3.第101房间 4.她是第一个回家的 5.这张桌子4英尺长，2英尺宽，3英尺高 6。那座山高一千八百多米 7.她身高一米五 8.他们已经有了五个孩子，这是他们的第六个小孩1.page twenty-five2.The first peoples hospital3.room 1014.She went home first.5.This tables 4 inches long,2 inches wide,3 inches high.6.That mountains more than one thousand and eight hundred meters high.7.Her height is 100 meters and 508.They have already had 5 kids,this is their sixth kid.方法：1 时态，语态，人称数掌握不行。这个问题倒不难解决：我专门用了两节课 进行了讲解和训练，在平时练习中提醒他们多加注意，这个方面解决的很顺利。2 词汇掌握不够。词汇量 的提高是所有中学生面临的一个极大的挑战。因为英语是一种表音文字，它的音标与汉语拼音基本一致，尤其是 辅音字母的发音非常的稳定，与汉语拼音基本一致：如：b d f g h k l m n p q r t v z 等复印字母的发音基本上只有一个字母音,c也只有s k 两种读音。元音字母的发音稍微复杂一些，另外还有一些字母组合的发音。因此在传授学生记忆单词时，我教给他们先把单词发音读准了，然后根据发音去记录单词，这样节省了学生很多的时间和精力，他们不必天天去摇头晃脑地去背诵字母组合了。一个单词，我只要会读，只要稍微注意一下字母组合和特殊发音，基本上我就会写。经过一年的努力，我班同学的单词记忆速度大大提高，单词的记忆不再是让他们最头痛的事了，他们说英语学习感到简单多了。词汇量也有了很大提高。3.句式的应用一窍不通。通过对学生的句子进行分析，我发现原来学生认为汉语翻译成英语，无非就是把每一个汉语意思转变成英语即可。例如：我今天下午4：00在街上遇见了李明。英语的语言习惯是先表达语言重点：我遇见了李明，然后表明地点，最后是时间，且时间的表达是由大到小：at 4:00 in the afternoon。结果同样的句子，我们的学生他们体会不到英汉两种语言习惯的不同，他们会翻译为：I this afternoon at 4:oo in the street met Li Ming.这样的句子在作文中不在少数。针对这种情况，我专门找了一些英语句子，和他们进行了口头翻译句子，让他们边译边记录，然后又加进了口头作文训练。一节课的时间，同学们在轻松而又紧张的气氛中进行了听说训练，口语表达训练，口头作文训练和书写训练。像这样的全方位训练，我们经常进行，尤其是一个单元结束时，针对本单元的内容，这样的综合训练不但复习总结了本单元的内容，又对本单元的知识进行了升华，同时学生的学习积极性还格外高涨。高中英语学习语法学习：讲和练1。 top to bottom从语法点到练习。 先广义的，然后练习。再重点要点，然后练习。最后归纳纠错型的，再答疑2. bottom to top先练再归纳，可以通过题目归纳。高中英语语法讲解（一）动词时态（一）1.一般现在时1)一般现在时表示真理或事实：The earth moves round the sun in 365 days.地球一年三百六十五天都围绕太阳公转。2)一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：Every evening, after supper, he sits down with a cup of coffee before the television.每天晚上在吃完晚饭之后，他都会端着杯咖啡坐在那里看电视。Their house is not like ours.他们的房子和我们的不一样。3)一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的情况When does the train leave?火车什么时候开？2.一般过去时一般过去时的基本用法：1)表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。When and where did you shoot that bear?你是何时何地射杀那头熊的？2)表示过去的习惯性动作、过去反复发生的事。In those days he took his wife and children to the cinema at least once a week.在那些日子里，他至少每周一次领着妻子和孩子去看电影。使用一般过去时的其它情况：1)过去时的句子通常带有表示一个过去的特定时间或地点状语。常与一般过去时连用的副词有：yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, ago, in 1989, at that time等。2)句中没有时间状语时，可依据上下文进行推测。Havent you graduated from college?Yes, I studied French for two years.你还没有大学毕业么？毕业了，我学了两年法语。3.现在进行时1)表示说话时正在进行的动作：Tom, Im speaking to you. Are you listening?汤姆，我正在和你讲话呢。你正在听吗？2)表示目前这个阶段正在进行着的动作：The population of the world is increasing rapidly.世界人口正在飞速增长。3)表示说话人的某些感情色彩，常与always，constantly等连用：She is always leaving things about.她总是把东西到处乱丢乱放。4)表示近期即将发生的动作：They are leaving for Tibet next Monday.他们下周一去西藏。4.过去进行时1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：She was flying to Paris this time last Monday.上周一的这个时候，她正坐飞机飞往巴黎。2)表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作（突然）发生：We were playing football when it began to rain.当我们正在踢球的时候，突然下起了雨。5.现在完成时1)现在完成时表示过去开始持续到现在的状况或完成的动作。It has rained every day so far this month.这个月到目前为止每天都在下雨。2)现在完成时表示已有的经历，往往强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响：Who has taken my camera? I put it here a moment ago.谁拿了我的照相机？我刚放在这里的。3)在时间、条件状语从句中代替将来完成时：Dont go out until you have washed your clothes.洗完衣服你才能出去。Please give the book to Lily if you have finished reading it.看完书之后，把它给丽丽。4)通常与现在完成时连用的词语：yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, now, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time。练习与解析：1. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he _ more in one day than I do in a week.A. has earned B. had earnedC. earns D. is earning2. The plane for Glasgow _ at 10:05 on Tuesday morning.A. is leavingB. has leftC. leaves D. was leaving3. Justin _ rock music to classical.A. preferred B. was preferringC. has preferred D. is preferring4. That dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A. would have B. have hadC. have never had D. had ever had5. I _ all day today and I _ rather tired now.A. have worked; am B. worked; amC. have worked; have been D. worked; was6. I _ to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A. am going; come B. shall go; comeC. am going; will come D. shall go; will come7. He _ in Italy when he _ the accident.A. traveled; hadB. was travelling; hadC. traveled; was having D. has traveled; has8. Susan _ to her grandmothers village for her summer holidays when she _ young.A. used to go; was B. went; used to beC. has gone; isD. used to go; was9. Did you wait for him very long? Yes, I _ to bed until five in the morning.A. did go B. didnt goC. had gone D. went10. He ran out crying as soon as I _ him the bad news.A. toldB. tellC. have told D. had told11. Ten years have passed since we last _ in London.A. meet B. have metC. metD. had met12. Havent you graduated from college?Yes, _.A. I study French for two yearsB. I studied French for two yearsC. I am studying French for two yearsD. I have studied French for two years13. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happening B. to happenC. has happenedD. had happened14. She _ the baby to see if hes got a temperature.A. feelsB. is feelingC. has felt D. felt15. Why _ the milk? Has it gone off?A. are you smelling B. do you smellC. did you smellD. have you smelled解析：1. 选C。一般现在时表示现在的状况。2. 选C。一般现在时可以表示按计划安排将要做的事情。3. 选A。prefer表示情感，不用于现在进行时。4. 选B。现在完成时表示到现在为止发生的情况。5. 选A。现在完成时表示到现在为止发生的情况；一般现在时表示现在的状况。6. 选B。在时间状语主句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。7. 选B。过去进行时表示在过去某段时间正在进行的动作。8. 选D。used to do的意思是“过去经常做某事”，相当于过去时。9. 选B。notuntil表示“直到才”。10. 选A。一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作。11. 选C。since的主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。12. 选B。过去时可以表示过去持续的动作。13. 选C。现在完成时表示动作对现在的影响。14. 选B。feel在这里是一个及物动词，表示“触摸”。15. 选A。现在进行时表示正在发生的动作。动词时态（二）1.过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一活动以前已经完成了的动作。简单地说，过去完成时所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”。常与for, since, already, after, never, before, by the time等连用。如：The performance had started before we found our seats.在我们找到座位前演出就已经开始了。She had typed all the letters by the time her boss arrived at the office.在老板到达办公室的时候她已经打好了所有的信件。过去完成时还可以表示动作或某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间：He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他病了好几天后才去医院。It rained at last after it had been dry for several months.连续干旱几个月后，终于下雨了。By the end of last year, she had taught in this school for 30 years.截至到去年年底，她已经在这个学校执教了30年。过去完成时也可表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用过去完成时。常用的动词有：hope, expect, suppose, mean, think, want等。如：She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plans.她本想来拜访我们，但由于天气恶劣使她改变了计划。2.一般将来时一般将来时可以由以下方式构成：表示单纯将来，第一人称用shall，第二、三人称用will。I shall be 18 years old next month.下个月我就整18岁了。There will be a new movie shown at the Globe Cinema tonight.今晚环球影院将上映一部新电影。be going to do表示现在计划好将来要做的事或将来可能发生的事。Im going to stay here until tomorrow night.明晚之前我都在这里。be动词和come, leave, reach, return, go, start out, meet, open, die, arrive等表示“来去”“出发”“到达”等的词语和表示未来的时间副词连用，表示近期将发生的动作。When will they leave? 他们什么时候离开？They are leaving very soon.马上。Aunt Lucy is returning home from New Zealand next week.露西阿姨下周将从新西兰回来。be about to表示很近的将来，“就要”“即将”。The plane is about to take off when the police received a phone call, saying that a bomb might have been planted on it.飞机就要起飞的时候警方接到电话，说飞机上可能被人安放了炸弹。be to do表示预先的计划Is he studying for an examination?他是在为考试而复习吗？Yes, hes to take it next week.是，他下周有个考试。一般现在时可表示按时刻表或安排将要发生的动作。The time form Liverpool arrives at 11: 15.从利物浦开往这里的火车将在11点15分到站。3.过去将来时过去将来时表示过去某个时候将要发生的事或计划、打算要做的事：He told me that his father was in hospital and that he would go to see him after work.他告诉我他将在下班后去看望住院的父亲。They explained that they would build a dam to control flood.他们解释说要建一座水坝来控制洪水。4.现在完成进行时表示从过去某时起持续到现在的动作。与现在完成时相比，更强调动作的进行，或将持续下去。常与the whole day, all morning等或for和since引出的短语连用：I need a rest.Ive been fixing my eyes on the screen all day.我需要休息一下，我都紧紧盯着屏幕一整天了。The soldiers have been struggling against the flood day and night for a week.战士们日以继夜地和洪水抗战已经一个星期了。5.过去完成进行时表示从过去某时起持续到过去另一时间的动作，可能刚刚终止，也可能继续下去。与现在完成进行时用法相似，只是以过去时间为着眼点。He had been working there for three years before he moved to London.在他搬到伦敦之前他在那里工作了三年。练习与解析：1._ my brother several times today but his line was always busy.A.Id phoneB.Ive phonedC.I was phoning D.Ive been phoning2._ that dress when I first saw you at the airport?A.Have you worn B.Were you wearingC.Did you wearD.Do you wear3.Standing in front of him was a man that she _ before.A.never saw B.has never seenC.never seesD.had never seen4.All the color TV sets _ out before we arrived.A.are soldB.have been soldC.will be soldD.had been sold5.Why dont you put the milk in the fridge? It _ fresh for a while.A.will be staying B.will stayC.staysD.has stayed6.I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it!A.asked B.was askingC.ask D.had asked7.According to the art dealer, the paining _ to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expecting B.expectsC.expected D.is expected8.At this time tomorrow _ over the Pacific Ocean.A.were going to flyB.well be flyingC.were to fly D.well fly9.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.would survive B.will surviveC.are surviving D.are to survive10.A new hospital _ in the village.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is builtC.has been builtD.is being built11.The police _ for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.searched B.have searchedC.were searching D.are searching12.Tom _ football with other boys when he should have been doing his homework.That is why his mother scolded him.A.played B.was playingC.had been playing D.had played13.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A.will requestB.are requestingC.requested D.are requested14.What time _ the next train _ for London?At 10:30.A.does; leave B.do; leaveC.will; leave D.is; leaving15.Peter _ for California this morning. Oh, I thought he _ until next week.A.left; wasnt going B.has left; isnt goingC.left; wont be going D.has left; hadnt been going1.选B。现在完成时表示到现在为止持续的动作。2.选B。过去进行时表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。3.选D。过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻之前的动作。4.选D。在我们到达之前全部都被卖出，是过去的过去，所以是过去完成时。5.选B。将来时表示将来的动作，将会。6.选B。过去时表示发生在过去的动作。7.D。be expected表示“被预计”。8.B。将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。9.D。be动词加不定式可以表示将来发生的动作。10.D。be being done是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被做。11.C。过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作。12.B。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。13.D。一般现在时被动语态。14.A。一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的事情。15.A。I thought是“我本以为”，后面用过去将来时，表示从过去看将要发生的情况。高中英语语法讲解（三） 倒装英语陈述句的语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语或谓语的一部分移到主语的前面，就形成了倒装句。将谓语动词全部移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词移到主语之前，成为部分倒装。1.Here/There +动词+主语Can you tell me where my uncle is?Yes, of course, here comes your uncle.(Here he comes.)你能告诉我我叔叔在哪儿吗？当然可以，他过来了。2.So+助动词/be动词+主语这一结构要求动词形式与前面保持一致。I like swimming in winter.So do I.我喜欢冬泳。我也喜欢。Id met Philip several times before.So had I.我曾几次遇到菲利浦。我也是。3.否定词+助动词/be动词+主语否定词放在句首，助动词或be动词要放在主语的前面。Little did he know that the police were after him.当时他一点儿也不知道警察在追捕他。Never in my life have I heard or seen such a thing.我一辈子都没听说或见过这样的事。Not only did he make a promise, but he also kept it.他不但许诺，而且遵守诺言。Hardly had she seen her father when she ran to him.她一见到父亲就朝他跑过去。No sooner had they heard the news than they rushed out into the street.他们一听到这消息就冲出去到了街上。常见的否定词归纳：by no means, hardly, no soonerthan, seldom, nowhere, hardlywhen, in no time,not onlybut also, little, not a bit, never, not until4.副词only（+副词/副词短语/状语从句）放在句首，句子形成倒装Only then did I take pity on her.只是到了那时我才怜悯她。Only when everyone else was gone did he begin to talk about it with me.只是当别人都走了之后，他才和我讨论这件事。注意：当only修饰主语时，句子不必倒装。Only the king could save his life.只有国王才能救他的命。5.副词或相当于副词的词语放在句首，主语与动词（不及物）形成倒装。On his left sits his wife, who was dresses in black, beautiful but pale.坐在他左边的是他的妻子，穿着黑衣，美貌但却脸色苍白。Out he rushed, before anyone could stop him.他冲了出去，任何人都没来得及拦住他。6.nor/neither用于句首时，句子形成倒装。nor和neither用于句首，引起倒装句，表示否定意义“也不”。I cant swim, nor can he.我不会游泳，他也不会。I have not yet done my homework, and neither has my friend.我还没做作业，我的朋友也还没做作业。7.as形成的倒装as用于让步的状语从句，有以下几种形式：Hard as he worked, he failed the examination.虽然他工作很努力，但仍旧没有通过考试。Woman as she is, she has great power in the government.她虽然是女人，但是他在政府中有很大权力。Try as she might, she would never pass the driving test.她虽然会竭尽全力，但难通过驾驶员考试。练习与解析：1.Seldom _ a chance to visit a foreign country.A.I got B.did I getC.I did get D.got I2.Not a single song _ at the party last night.A.was she heard singing B.did she hear singingC.she was heard singingD.she did hear singing3._, the football game has been decided not to be put off.A.Heavily as did it rainB.As it rained heavilyC.Heavily as it rainedD.As heavily as it could4.So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.A.I have felt B.have I feltC.I did feelD.did I feel5._ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A.The weather so fine was B.So fine was the weatherC.So the weather was fine D.So was the fine weather6.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace!A.you can findB.you could findC.can you findD.could you find7.You forgot to lock the door when you left the house.Good heavens! _A.So did I.B.So I did.C.I did so.D.I so did.8.Mary doesnt speak French, and _ does John.A.either B.soC.no D.neither9.I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible._.A.Same with meB.So do I C.Nor am I D.Neither would I 10.Only when your identity has been checked, _ to get onto the plane.A.you will allow B.you will be allowedC.will you allow D.will you be allowed11.Will you go home this weekend? No, and _.A.either will Li Ming B.Li Ming wont tooC.neither will Li MingD.so wont Li Ming12.After that we never saw her again, nor _ from her.A.did we hearB.we heardC.had we heard D.we have heard13.Only when one is away from home _ how nice home is.A.he realizesB.does he realizes C.does he realize D.he will realize14._ from the fifth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.A.Jumped down the murderer B.Down the murderer jumpedC.The murderer jumped down D.Down jumped the murderer15.Then _ we had been looking forward to.A.came the hour B.the hour cameC.comes the hourD.is the hour coming1-5:BACDB 6-10:CBDDD 11-15:CACDA1.选B。seldom是否定副词，用在句首句子倒装。2.选A。not a song是否定意义的短语，用在句首句子倒装。3.选C。as引导的让步状语从句的倒装，意思是“尽管”。4.选D。sothat句型用在句首为倒装语序。5.选B。sothat句型用在句首为倒装语序。6.选C。nowhere else是否定副词，用在句首句子倒装