Unit 6 How to Mark a Book.ppt

Unit6HowtoMarkaBook ASurvey Directions Hereisasurveyabout YoungPeople sAttitudestowardsReading BelowaretheresultsfromthesurveyconductedbyMoriofNestleFamilyMonitor Theresultsarebasedonquestionnairescompletedbyover900teenagersat33stateandindependentschoolsand6collegesbetweenMarchandMayin2003 ExamplesDoteenagersread Eighty threepercentreadinsparetime Elevenpercentneverreadoutsideofschoolhours thesestudentsweremorelikelytocomefromahomewhereneitherparentnorguardianworked Sixteenpercentboysneverreadintheirsparetimecomparedtoonlysevenpercentgirls Whatmakesyoungpeoplewanttoread Forty threepercentwillreadsomethingasaresultofapeerrecommendation Tenpercentwillreadsomethingifitisrecommendedbyateacher Fifteenpercentarekeentoreadabookaboutafilmtheyenjoy Twenty threepercentsaytheywillreadabookaboutafamouspersontheyareinterestedinorasahobby thisfigureishigherforboys Otherresults Agefrom13to14isakeyperiodwhereaninterestinreadingdwindles SeventypercentsaytheywillprefertowatchTVoraDVDthanreadabook Onthewhole girlsaremoreenthusiasticaboutreadingthanboys Boysare significantlymorelikelythangirlstosaythattheyareencouragedtoreadifthebookisaboutaplace subjectorhobbyinwhichtheyareinterested Directions Trytodosuchkindofsurveyindifferentclasses Usethestatisticsyougettoanalyzetheirattitudestowardsreading Thenreportyourresultsorallytothewholeclass Yourpreferredplacesforrecreationalreading multi choices Sourcesofbooksyoureadinthelast12months Whattypeofbooksdoyouconsume 2 ListeningComprehension MortimerJ AdlerDirections Listentothepassageandfinishtheexercise 1 Adlerwasan2 HegothisPh D from3 HetaughtinUniversityofChicagofrom 4 Heorganizedanadultdiscussiongroupprogramin5 HeeditedGreatBooksoftheWesternWorldin6 Hebecamedirectorofplanningforthe15theditionofEncyclopaediaBritannicain Rembrandt Directions Listentothepassageandfillinthewordsthatyouhear RembrandtHarmenszoonvanRijnwasbornintoanthatwasconduciveto Afteryearsofwarandupheaval 动乱 lifeintheUnitedProvincesoftheNetherlandswasrenownedforitstranquility 宁静 Rembrandt sfatherwasamillerandhismotherwasthedaughterofabaker ThevanRijnswereCalvinists Intheyearoftheartist sbirth Leiden hishometown wasknownasoneofintellectualandartisticcentersinthecountry atmosphere creativity prosperous principal 3 BackgroundInformation JohnDeway 1859 1952 AmericanphilosopherandeducatorAchievement Hiseducationalpsychologyandphilosophyhadagreatinfluenceoneducationaldevelopment RobertMaynardHutchins 1899 1977 Americaneducator Achievements FamousforhisunconventionaltheoriesabouthighereducationPresidentoftheUniversityofChicagoin1929attheageof30Remainedpresidentuntil1945Chairmanoftheboardforthe15theditionofEncyclopaediaBritannicapublishedin1974 Mr Vallee 1901 1986 Americansingerofpopularmusicwhoenjoyedfameinthe1920 s ParadiseLost anepicpoembyJohnMilton 1608 1674 firstprintedin1667 GonewiththeWind AromanticnovelofGeorgiaduringtheAmericanCivilWarandReconstructionWrittenbytheAmericanauthorMargaretMitchell 1900 1949 Publishedin1936AwardedaPulitzerPrize Warm upQuestions 1 Whatkindofbooksdoyoulike 2 Howdoyoureadabook 3 Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonhowtobecomeanefficientreader PartDivisionoftheText Readersarepersuadedtowritebetweenthelines Twowaysofowingabook threekindsofbookowners Detailedreasonsformakingupabook Thewriter swaytomarkabook Scanning Directions Scanthispartandtrytofindoutthefollowingpropernamesandthinkaboutwhatthesewordsmightstandfor TrueorFalse 1 Youcan treadmostefficientlyifyoudon t writebetweenthelines 2 Assoonasyouhaveboughtabook thebookbelongstoyou 3 Accordingtotheauthor booksshouldnotbekeptascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought T F Thisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit T 4 Accordingtotheauthor youcanmarkupanybooksthatbelongtoyou 5 Markingupabookwhilereadingcankeepyoufromdozingoff 6 Booksshouldbereadinastateofrelaxation T Youhadbetternotmarkupabeautifullyprintedbookoranelegantlyboundedition T F Thebooksyoureadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxation andnothingislost Butabook richinideasandbeauty abookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable 7 Yourreadingisactivewhenyouhavefilledthepagesofthebookwithyournotes 8 Readingabookissomewhatlikehavingaconversationwiththeauthor 9 Learningmeansabsorbingwhateveryouareexposedtoonthesubject 10 By markingabook theauthoronlymeanswritinginthemarginofthepages T T F Learningdoesn tconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle Thelearnerhastoquestionhimselfandquestiontheteacher F Thereareallkindsofdevicesformarkingabookintelligentlyandfruitfully Warm UpQuestions Whatdoesitmeantoreadactively Weallpromptactivereadingbecauseitisthemostefficientwaywhenwearereading Activereadinginvolvesgraspinggeneralmeaningofthepassage anticipatingthecontentswewillpossiblysaynextbasedontheunderstandingofpreviousreading andguessingthenewwords vagueandincompletemeaningbetweenthelines Obviously activereadingismoreeffectiveandappropriatethanpassiveone Itwillnotonlysaveyourreadingtimeandimproveyourreadingskills butalsobringyoufunwhilereading Whatdoyouthinkwhenyoureadabookthatothershavewrittenon Actually Iseldomreadthebooksthatothershavewrittenon ButIknowmanyChineseliteraryclassicshavebeenmarkedbyothers evenbyfamouswritersandpublished Forexample ADreamofRedMansious Confucious etc Ithinkthemarkedbookshelpusreadandunderstandtheoriginalmorepreciselyorindifferentangleofview Enteringandexploringtheinnerworldoftheauthorbyreadingboththeoriginalandthemarkedonestogetherisagreatfun Part1Readersarepersuadedtowritebetweenthelines Questionsforparagraph1 Howcanonedothemostefficientkindofreadingaccordingtotheauthor Theauthorthinksthatreadersshouldreadbetweenthelinesinorderstodothemostefficientkindofreading DetailedReadingofPart readbetweenthelines lookforwhatisimpliedorsuggested butnotactuallystatedE g Icouldreadbetweenthelinesthatmydaughterwashomesickthoughshesaidthatshedidn tlikecollegelifeverymuch 我们常常得从小说的字里行间来了解故事的真正含义 Weoftenhavetoreadanovelbetweenthelinestogettherealmeaningofthestory persuade vt cause sb todo sth bytalkingtohimorarguingwithhim医生已多次劝他戒烟 Hisdoctorhaspersuadedhimtogiveupsmokingmanytimes Hepersuadedhertogotoschool eventhoughshedidnotwantto 即使她不想去上学 他还是说服她去 我们成功地劝说他放弃那个愚蠢的计划 Wehavesucceededinpersuadinghimoutofthatfoolishplan Pattern persuadesb todosth 劝某人做某事persuadesb intodoingsth 劝某人做成某事persuadesb outofdoingsth 劝某人放弃做某事NB 该词的名词为persuasion 反义词为dissuade Part2 Twowaysofowingabook threekindsofbookowners ForPart2MultipleChoice Directions Choosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowing 1 Accordingtotheauthor therealbookownersarethosewho A havepaidforthemB havegainedtheirpropertyrightC havetheirmindsenricheD havedippedintomostofthem 2 Thepurposeoftheauthor scomparingthebeefsteakinthebutcher stothatinyouriceboxisthat A youhavepaidforthemsothatyoucantakethembackB youcancookthemanywayyoulikesincetheyareyoursC youdon tgetanythingvaluableunlessyouhavemadethempartofyourselfD youaretherealownerofbeefsteaksinceyouhavepaidforthem 3 Theauthorusestheexampleofbeefsteaktoremindusthat A booksareasimportantasbeefsteaktoourbodyB booksmustbeabsorbedasbeefsteakisinourbodyandtodousgoodC booksshouldbekeptinagoodplacejustasbeefsteakinaniceboxD wecanwriteinthebookssincewehavepaidforthem 4 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A Theauthorwouldhavetomarkupapaintingorastatue B Theauthorwouldn tlethisbabymakedrawingsonanoriginalpaintingbyagreatartist C Theauthorwouldn tscribblealloverarareoranelegantlyboundedition D Theauthorwouldtakepainstokeepintactthephysicalappearanceoffamousbooks 5 Whatisthebesttitleforthispart A OwnershipofabookandbookownersB Don twriteinrareandeleganteditionC ShowrespectstotheauthorbybuyingacheapeditionD Readthroughallthebooksyouhavebought Questionsforparagraph3 Whatdoestheauthormeanbyfullownershipofabook Inhiseyes fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit Questionsforparagraph4 Howdoestheauthorclassifybookowners Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest sellers unread untouched Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks afewofthemreadthrough mostofthemdippedinto butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought Thethirdhasafewbooksormany everyoneofthemdog earedanddilapidated shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback Questionsforparagraph5 Whatifyourrespectforelegantbindingorprintinggetsintheway Ifmyrespectformagnificentbindingorprintinggetsintheway I llbuymyselfacheapeditionsothatIcanwriteinit DetailedReadingofPartII payfor handoverthepriceof bearthecostofHewillhavetopayforhisfoolishbehavior 他为自己所犯的错误付出了高昂的代价 Hepaiddearlyforhismistake NB 由pay一词构成的常用短语还有 payback偿还 报复payoff全部还清 报复payup付清annualpay年薪extrapay额外报酬 附加工资startingpay任职首次薪金 prelude n somethingthatcomesbeforeandactsasanintroductiontosomethingmoreimportant Thewidespreadfightinginthestreetsmaybeapreludetomoreserioustrouble Hisfrequentdepressionswerethepreludetoacompletementalbreakdown transfer v takeormovefromonepersonorplacetoanother 父母决定给孩子转学 Theparentsdecidedtotransfertheboytoanotherschool TomtransferredfromDepartment3toDepartment1 sense n meaning Hecan tbecalledawriterinastrictsenseofword 等三小时是不合理的 There snosenseinwaitingthreehours Collocation cometoone ssenses使某人苏醒过来makesense讲得通 有道理inallsenses从任何意义上说 在各方面ina onesense从某种意义上说intheliteralsense按字面意义上来说inone srightsense神志正常outofone ssense精神失常 糊涂 absorb vt 1 takein aliquid knowledge ideas etc Whitesurfacesdon tabsorbmuchheatorlight Instead theyreflectraysofheatandlightthatstrikethem 读懂一篇文章是件费力的事情 因为这需要高度的脑力活动 Tofollowandabsorbapassageisalittlebithardasitrequiresahighlevelofmentalinvolvement 2 interestsb verymuchComputergamesabsorbsomuchofchildren sattentionthatsomeofthemforgettogotoschool 作家全神贯注地进行写作以致于忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰 Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar dosb good helporbenefitsb Doesitdoyouanygoodstayinguplateeverynight 多吃蔬菜对你有好处 Eatingmorevegetableswilldoyougood readthrough finishreading等我把书读完再告诉你我的意见 IwillgiveyoumyopinionwhenIreadthebookthrough Ittakestimetoreadthroughthebooksrichinideas dipinto readhereandtherein abook browse 我只来得及浏览了一下这部小说 Ihavehadtimejusttodipintothenovel Somebooksshouldbereadthrough somearetobedippedinto restrain vt holdback control Ican trestrainmyangerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcrueltoanimals 站在中间的人劝另外两人克制自己不要打架 Themanstandinginthemiddlepersuadedthetwomentorestrainthemselvesfromfighting Pattern restrainsth sb restrainsb oneselffromdoingsth restrain有两层含义 一是克制或控制自己不去做某事 二是制止或阻止别人去做某事 例如 Hewasrestrainedfromgoingtherealone 他克制自己不一个人去 refrain只有第一个意思 因此表示 克制 或告诫别人别做某事时常用restrain 例如 Shewassohurtbutsherefrainedhertearsbeforethepublic 她虽然很受伤害 但是在众人面前她还是忍住了泪水 continual adj sth happeningagainandagain repeated 尽管医生不断地警告他 他还是继续抽烟 喝酒 Hestillsmokesanddrinks despiteofthecontinualwarningsofhisdoctor Continualdroppingwearsawaythestone Recentlytheyoungcouplehavecontinualargumentswitheachotherfortrifles continual continuous constant这三个形容词皆有 连续的 不断的 的意思 continual连续的 频繁的 指在一段时间内连续发生 或时断时续 continuous持续的 不断的 指中间无任何间歇 也指空间的连成一片 如海洋 平原等 constant经常的 不断的 指某种行为持久不变或反复发生 缺乏程度或性质上的变化 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Peopleinthiscityaretiredofnoiseoftraffic 2 Theargumentsbetweenthecoupleseemstobepartoftheirlives 3 Inhistory changeis continuous continual constant preserve vt keepsafefromharm dangerordecayTheTownCouncilspentalotofmoneytopreservetheoldcastleandotherplacesofhistoricinterest 我们越来越明白保护自然资源的重要性 Wearenowbecomingmoreawareoftheimportanceofpreservingourenvironment preserve conserve reserve这三个动词都有 保留 保护 的意思 preserve指保持某个有价值的东西完好无损 质量不变 与reserve相比暗示一旦消失不可能填补 此外 该词还专指对健康 食品质量 自由等的保护 conserve指合理使用某个有价值的东西 暗示一旦用光 难以填补 reserve指保留以便以后使用 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Thissumofmoneyisformydaughter 2 Itispoliceman sjobtolawandorder 3 yourenergy Wewillclimbmountaintomorrow 4 Hetriedtohischildfromdanger reserved preserve Conserve preserve nomore than notanymore than 我不是学者 就像他不是诗人一样 Iamnomoreascholarthanheisapoet Ahomewithoutloveisnomorethanabodywithoutasoul 没有爱的家庭不成其家庭 就如没有灵魂的躯体不成其为人一样 nomore than nomorethan notmore than三组短语意思相差很大 nomore than意为 和 一样不 例如 Icannomoreplaypianothanyou 我跟你一样不会弹钢琴 nomorethan意为 仅仅 不过是 例如 Heisnomorethanascholar 他不过是个学者 notmore than意为 至多 不超过 例如 Theneweditionisnotmoreexpensivethantheoldedition 新的版本最多不会比老版本贵 sotospeak asonemightsay inaway Youare sotospeak mybestfriendsinceyouhavegivenmesomuchhelpinthepastfewyears 狗可以说是家庭的一员 Thedogis sotospeak amemberofthefamily manufacture vt makeorproducebymachineryinlargequantities ManyoftheclothesandtoyssoldinCanadaaremanufacturedinChina Themainbusinessofthecompanyistomanufacturethefarmmachinery getintheway beintheway blockingspaceformovement 我发现你的自行车挡了路 Ifoundyourbicyclewasintheway Toomanysocialactivitiesgotinthewayofhisstudies Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthesesentences Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthesesentences Ifonebuysabook heorshebecomesitsowner Inotherwords onehasestablishedthepropertyrightoverthebookbypayingforit Buttheauthorproposesasecondmeaning Thatiswhathecalls full ownership Buyingabookisnotenoughto fully ownit Onehastoreaditanddigestittomakeitone sown Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest sellers unread untouched Thisindividualownswoodpulpandink notbooks Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks afewofthemreadthrough mostofthemdippedinto butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought 1 Howdoyouunderstandthetwowords unread untouched afterthedash 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 1 Howdoyouunderstandthetwowords unread untouched afterthedash 破折号后的unread untouched是allthestandardsetsandbestsellers的同位语 进一步解释说明前面的名词词组 可把它理解为whichareunreadanduntouched 即定语从句的缩略 也可理解为allofthemunread untouched 即独立结构作同位语的缩略 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 第一种人拥有全部标准成套书和畅销书 既没读过 也没摸过 Thisindividualownswoodpulpandink notbooks Whatcanyouinferfromthissentence Thispersonownsonlythematerialsthebooksaremadefrom nottheideastheycontain Thispersonjustownsthephysicalaspectofbooks I dnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionof ParadiseLost thanI dgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt 1 Analyzethestructureofthesentence 2 Paraphrasethissentence 1 Analyzethestructureofthesentence Nomore than是这句的基本结构 nomore than意味两者都是否定 重点往往在前一分句 如 Icannomoreplaybridgethanyou nomorethan不过是 仅仅是 用在名词或数词前 在句中起形容词作用 如 Thisisnomorethanajoke afirsteditionof 注意用的是a不是the 指第一版中的一本 ParadiseLost是英国17世纪著名大诗人弥尔顿所著的一部史诗 具有极高的艺术价值 其第一版自然也很珍贵 original这里指 原画 非复制品 是荷兰17世纪的大画家Rembrant 伦勃朗 其作品具有极高的价值 这里用人名代替作品 是英文中常见的用法 2 Paraphrasethissentence Iwouldn twritecarelesslyonthepagesofafirsteditionof ParadiseLost justasIwouldn tgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalpaintingbyRembrandt Ifyourrespectformagnificentbindingorprintinggetsintheway buyyourselfacheapeditionandpayyourrespectstotheauthor 1 Paraphrasethissentence 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 1 Paraphrasethissentence Iftheexcellentbindingorstyleofprintingofthebookmakesyouhesitatetomarkonit buyyourselfacheapeditionofitandtrytounderstandtheauthor sideasbyanymeansincludingmarkingthebook 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书 那么就买种便宜的版本 将你的敬意献给作者 Part3 Detailedreasonsformakingupabook Questionsforparagraph6 Whydoestheauthorthinkmarkingupabookisindispensabletoreading First itkeepsyouawake Second activereadingisthinking andthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords spokenorwritten Finally writinghelpsreadersrememberthethoughtstheyhad orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed Questionsforparagraph8 Whatkindofbookrequiresthemostactivereading Andwhatkindofbookdoesn t agreatbook richinideasandbeauty abookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions demandsthemostactivereading anordinarypieceoflightfictionwhichyoureadforpleasuredoesn t Questionsforparagraph10 Howdoesthephysicalactofwritingbenefitthereader Thephysicalactofwriting withyourownhand bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory Questionsforparagraph11 Whatdoestheleanerhavetodointheauthor sopinion Inhisopinion thelearnershouldn tbesolelyonthereceivingend Heshouldmakealearningaconversationbetweenheandtheauthor Heshouldmarkupabookwithallkindsofdevices DetailedReadingofPartIII indispensable pletelynecessaryAirandwaterareindispensabletolife 空气和水是生命所必需的东西 Dictionaryisindispensabletolanguagelearning conscious adj 1 havingone smindandsenseworking abletothink feel etc awakeHehurthisheadintheaccident butheisstillconscious Thepatientremainedfullyconsciousafterthelocalanestheticwasadministered 2 knowing understanding她不晓得他在这房间里 Shewasnotconsciousofhispresenceintheroom invariably adv always withoutexception Theoldwomaninvariablygetsupat6inthemorning 事物都是一分为二的 Allthingsareinvariablydividedintotwoparts pickup beginagain startagain Itisdifficulttopickuptheconversationonceitisinterrupted 我们把前几天放下的工作继续做下去 Wepickedupwhatweleftoffafewdaysago resume vt beginagainafterapauseorinterruption Wewillstopnowandresumeworkingat1o clock 政府军重新控制了该地区Thegovernmenttroopsresumedcontroloverthearea Pattern resumesth resumedoingsth NB 该词的名词为resumption 这样词性变换的词还有 assume consume presume等 assume assumptionconsume consumptionpresume presumption consistin befoundin becontainedin liein Thebeautyoftheartist sstyleconsistsinitssimplicity 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴 Truefriendshipconsistsinsharingsorrowandjoywitheachother consistof consistin consistwith这三个由consist构成的动词短语意思各不同 consistof表示 由 组成 包括 例如 Substancesconsistofsmallparticlescalledmolecules 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的 consistin表示 存在于 例如 Truecharitydoesn tconsistinalmsgiving 真正的慈善不在于施舍 consistwith表示 与 一致 并存 并立 例如 Thetestimonyconsistedwithallknownfacts 证据与全部已知事实相符 literally adv 1 actually exactly2 usedforgivingforcetoanadjective 3 wordbyword4 accordingtothewordsandnottheintention Directions Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhattheword literally meansineachsentence 1 Don ttranslatetheGreekpassageliterally 2 Therearepeopleintheworldwholiterallydonotknowhowtoboilwater 3 Whenhe