2011届高考英语第一轮单元能力复习题.doc

Module 6Unit 18Beauty.品句填词1The long climb left Jane feeling _(令人屏息的，气喘吁吁)2What you say now is not _(一致的，相符的) with what you said last week.3Im going to start _(减肥) after Christmas.4My luggage was _(超重的) by five kilos.5If anything happens to her，Ill always have it on my _(良心，良知)6Its bad _(礼貌) to speak to your parents like that.7As a critic，his writing is far too _(主观的)8One _(缺点，不利因素) of New York in the summer is the heat.9Jennys such a _(逗人喜爱的) little girl that everyone likes her.10She overcame her _(最初的) shyness and really enjoyed the evening.答案：1.breathless2.consistent3.slimming4.overweight5.conscience6.manners7.subjective8.drawback9.cute10.initial.介词填空1She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped _ a year later.2I decided to treat his remark _ a joke.3They were trapped _the fire.4The enemy ordered him to choose the manner _ which he would die.5Why did the shipbuilders go out _ strike?6It is evident_me what this means.7I bought it _ your recommendation.8Hang_ a second！The headteacher has something to say.9We were busy going over lessons _ preparation _ the coming exam.10Ill treat you _ a film if you help me this time.答案：1.out2.as3.in/by4.in5.on6.to 7.on8.on 9.in；for10.to.翻译句子1情人眼里出西施。(in the eyes of)_2美的标准随着时代及文化的不同而变化着。(change with)_3受时代、社会和文化的影响，没有一定的衡量标准来判断什么是美。(with the influence of)_4她演讲得太精彩了，欢呼声淹没了她的声音。(drown)_5不像美国，中国人口众多。(unlike)_6他不能向母亲露出内心的悲痛。(convey)_答案：1.Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.2Standards of beauty change with time and cultural groups.3With the influence of history，society and culture，there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful.4She delivered too wonderful a speech and cheers drowned her voice.5Unlike the USA，China has a large population.6He could not convey his feelings of sadness to his mother.单项填空1What do you think of _ question?Well，_ most difficult one indeed.A不填；the B不填；a Cthe；a Dthe；the 解析：考查冠词用法。第一个空为特指，故而选择the。答语中most并非是最高级，而是非常的意思，故而不能选the，而应该选择不定冠词。答案：C2This is the model plane I made yesterday，Dad._！ AThank you BJust soso CMy pleasure DGood work解析：考查交际用语。选择答案D。答案：D3After a pause，I went on with my story just _ I had left off.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析：选择D项，考查状语从句引导词的选择，该题很好。 答案：D4Honey，this is a present for your birthday.Ah! A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it _ comfortablly.Awears Bis worn Cis wearing Dhas worn解析：考查主动表被动。答案：A5They want to take possession of my house，but they _ not have it.Ashall Bmust Cwould Dneed解析：考查shall用法。shall用在第一、三人称和疑问句表示征询意见，用在二、三人称和陈述句表示命令、警告和允诺等含义。答案：A6Every minute when made full use of _ does good to us students.Astudying Bto study Cstudy Dbeing studied解析：主要考查make full use of every minute to study这一结构。答案：B7Ill give the message to Mary _ I see her.Awhile Beven if Cnow that Dthe moment解析：考查the moment这一名词短语用作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。我一见到Mary，我就会告诉她这个消息。此题较好。 答案：D8Could you _ some bottled beer at the shop as you go past?Apick out Bpick up Cbring out Dbring up解析：查pick up的意思，在此处pick up表示买到的意思。 答案：B9Painted red _ white walls，the houses look wonderful.Aover Bagainst Cin Don解析：考查against相对，映衬的意思，我们看高考题是怎么考查的：The large grassland，reaching out far away，seems extremely beautiful against the blue and clean sky.。答案：B10They are organizing a program to _ peoples attention to protecting wildanimals.Agive Bpay Chave Ddraw解析：考查draw ones attention to sth.这一结构。答案：D.阅读理解Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptionsmistaken ideas.One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism，the belief that ones own cultures way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.Its ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism，its necessary to study the different elements(组成部分)of culture: language，values and attitudes，and customs and manners.LanguageA knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.First，people can communicate directly.Second，people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language.Third，an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.Finally，knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.Values and attitudesValues are peoples basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong，good and bad.An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.For example，many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries，and they buy a lot of it.Customs and mannersCustoms are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.For example，in the United States，it is the custom to have salad (色拉) before the main course at dinner，not after.Its not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table.Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesnt sell well because the French dont usually drink juice with breakfast.【文章大意】 成功的生意人之所以能取得成功，一个重要的原因在于他们理解不同民族的文化，并学会了根据不同的文化而改变自己的行为，即没有“民族优越感”。那么，怎样才能避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”呢？本文就语言，态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几个方面提出了一些建议。1A knowledge of the local language allows international business people _.Ato be more open with their customers Bto communicate without outside helpCto express their thoughts indirectly Dto have a better idea of their own culture解析：细节理解题。由第二自然段中的First，people can communicate easily一句可知本题选B。答案：B2The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of _.Amanners Bvalues Cattitudes Dcustoms解析：推理判断题。根据values and attitudes中第二句可知本题选C。答案：C3What would be the best title for the text?AMisconceptions in Business BBasic Beliefs in BusinessCInternational Business Culture DSuccessful International Business解析：主旨大意题。由文章的主题段第二自然段大意可知本题选C。答案：C4The authors purpose of writing this article is to tell people _.Ahow to take a right attitude in businessBhow to avoid misunderstandings in businessChow to use a local language in businessDhow to act politely and properly in business解析：推理判断题。根据第二自然段的最后一句可知本题选B。答案：B阅 卷 现 场 (教师用书独具)第六节短文改错题常见问题与解决方法阅卷中发现的短文改错问题较多，我先一一列举如下：问题一：一致关系方面的错误主要包括主谓不一致，时态不一致和代词的指代不一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与主语保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指代的内容要与其先行词在人称、单复数、主格、宾格及所有格，以及自身所指代成分意义上保持一致。主语和谓语不一致，时态与语境不一致，或者代词的指代前后矛盾，比如本该用主格用了宾格，或人称混淆的错误，这些都是一致关系方面常出现的考查热点。问题二：非谓语动词形式的错误非谓语动词的考查是短文改错常见的热点和难点，比如含有介词to的动词短语后使用了动词原形。介词后面本该用动名词，却用了动词原形，本该用现在分词做状语却用了动词原形或过去分词等现象。主要是根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配，功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式符号，判断接带to还是不带to的不定式，判断非谓语动词用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式等。问题三：连接手段的错误考查连接词的错误。比较常见的设题方式有并列句的连词，状语从句的连词，名词从句的连词，以及定语从句连词使用的错误。此时还要注意行文逻辑方面是否有问题，比如before与after，since的使用错误等。连词使用错误会使上下文的衔接错误。如果是并列句，要注意根据语境判断句子之间是转折、并列、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择正确的连词，是用and还是but，或者用or。问题四：平行结构方面的错误平行结构指具有相似或相同句法功能的两个或更多词、词组或从句。表达平行概念要使用相同的语法结构，即动词和动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，还有不定式短语等都是这样。平行结构常使用and，but，or或连词词组如not only.but also，not.but.，either.or，neither.nor，as well as等。注意根据语境和前后的搭配判断该结构的正确与否。问题五：名词的数或格的错误常见的问题有：第一，本该用复数名词却用了单数形式，或本该用单数名词却使用了复数形式；第二，不可数名词加了冠词a，或用了复数形式。判断文章中名词的使用是否正确，比如不可数名词advice，information用了复数形式，语境表示复数含义却用了可数名词的单数形式，所有格形式使用错误等。问题六：冠词使用的错误冠词的错误是高考试卷短文改错中经常出现的热点考查内容之一，几乎年年出现，主要考查单数可数名词前要加冠词，不定冠词与定冠词的区别，以及a和an的区别等。设题的考点在于固定短语中冠词的使用错误，a与an的使用错误。问题七：词语搭配的错误主要涉及介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配，副词与动词的搭配等方面的错误，还有英语固定句型及习惯搭配中小词的错误。试题的设计主要有常见的表达方面的错误，比如“在具体某一时刻”用介词on而不用in，动词短语中不同介词搭配表达不同的含义等。问题八：词性的错误使用形容词作表语或定语，副词作状语，这些基本的句法常识经常被我们忽略，导致在写作中犯这样的错误，在短文改错中看不出类似的错误。而这些也是高考短文改错中经常设置的错误现象。高考短文改错常见的词性错误使用的设置有：用形容词作状语，用副词作定语或表语，或本该用形容词却用名词作表语等。问题九：行文逻辑的错误行文逻辑错误主要指根据语境判断表示肯定还是否定含义，以及动作或时间顺序的逻辑错误，比如动词come、go与leave的错误使用，before与after动作先后顺序的颠倒。典例精析：【例1】 (2009全国卷)After five years away in my hometown，I find that 76._the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77._a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78._across the street from our middle school were gone. 79._There exist now a park that has a small river running 80._through. The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and 81._Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city，and sports 82._center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of 83._Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84._A supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85._school is still there.【答案解析】76句意说：我离开家乡已经五年，away from“从离开”，把in改为from.77used to do表示“过去常常做某事”。因此used to后接动词原形，把living改为live。78句意为：学校对面的那家旧的渔具店已经消失。句中不含对比的意思，把older改为old。79本句陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时把were改为are。80句子的主语为a park，因此谓语动词应用单数把exist改为exists。81正确。82sports center为可数名词，在sports center前加a。83前文中提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。84短语give way to“让路，让步”，应用主动语态，去掉been。85下句表示转折关系，因此把Besides改为But。解决方案与指南：1先通读全文认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，承接转折是否符合文意等。注意动词时态，并列结构是否一致。2.综合运用所学语言知识一定要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，特别注意转行的错误以及上下文逻辑。根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。注意改错的类型，一般都是一个对的，删词和加词三处左右，改动的六个。其中需要改动的包括：冠词，形容词和副词的误用，名词的单复数，动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，连词，介词搭配，等等。改错的写法要正确，原文中要有准确的标志。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：(1)名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的