国际交流英语视听说4-U5-听力原文及翻译.doc

U 5 Listening 1Dave Martin: Hello and welcome to Money Matters. Im your host, Dave Martin. Tonight were very lucky to have Dr. Regina Simmons of the Simmons Institute here with us to talk about money and happiness. As usual, well be taking calls from you, the listeners. If you have a question for Dr. Simmons, please call in. Good evening, Dr. Simmons.Dr. Simmons: Good evening, Dave. Its great to be here.Dave Martin: The pleasures ours. Dr. Simmons, let me start by asking you this question: Whats the relationship between money and happiness?Dr. Simmons: Well, Dave, a recent study by psychologist Elizabeth Dunn at the University of British Columbia seems to show thatfor most of uswhat makes us happy is giving money away, not spending it on ourselves. Thats what Dunn said in a recent interview with National Geographic.Dave Martin: Really? How did she discover that?Dr. Simmons: Well, it was when Dr. Dunn started making more moneyuh, when she got a job as a professor. She started to get interested in whether money could buy happiness or not. She wanted to use the extra money she was making in ways that would bring her happiness. Dr. Simmons: As a scientist, she looked for studies and research on the subject of money and its relationship to happiness. To her surprise, very little information on the subject existed. So Dr. Dunn decided to do some scientific research to see if people might get more happiness from using their money to help other people, rather than themselves.Dave Martin: Uh-huh. And how did she research this topic?Dr. Simmons: Thats a good question. Let me give you an example. In one of her first studies, Dr. Dunn and her fellow researchers gave a group of people a small amount of money in the morning. They asked some of the people to spend it on other people, and some to spend it on themselves. Dr. Simmons: At the end of the day, the researchers interviewed everyone. The researchers discovered that the people who spent the money on other people were happier than those who had spent it on themselves. Since then, Dr. Dunn has completed a lot of other research on money and happiness.Dave Martin: Has she? Oh, excuse me, but I think we have our first caller. Hello, youre on the air.Caller 1: Uh, hello, I wanted to know what are some of the mistakes people might make if they try to buy happiness with money.Dave Martin: Thank you, caller. Dr. Simmons?Dr. Simmons: Yes, well, one very common error is to make a major purchase such as a big house that you cant really afford. Many people simply assume that owning an expensive itema home or a carwill make them happy. But, you know, buying a home is a big financial commitment, and in fact people often go deep into debt to buy one. Actually, there are no statistics to prove that owning a home makes people happy.Dave Martin: I see. Are there other studies relating money and happiness?Dr. Simmons: Oh, sure. Another interesting study was recently done by researchers Leaf Van Boven and Tom Gilovich. They looked at the value of spending money on experiences. People can buy items such as cars, houses, clothes, and DVDs. But experiences are different from other items that people purchase. For example, vacations, concerts, or language lessons are experiences. So, anyway, these scientists used surveys to ask people how they felt about the items they bought compared to the experiences they bought. Well, the researchers discovered that money spent on experiences made people happier than money spent on items. The reason for this is probably because experiences are more meaningful to a person, and they contribute more to successful social relationships.Dave Martin: Interesting! Oh, we have another caller on the line. Go ahead, caller.Caller 2: Hello. My question is how much money do you need to be happy.Dave Martin: How about that, Dr. Simmons? How much money do we need?Dr. Simmons: Well, OK, obviously thats not an easy question to answer. People like to say that “the best things in life are free”, which implies that money doesnt matter to happiness. And we all know thats not true. Money is definitely not the most important component of happiness, but at the same time, having no money can definitely affect happiness. Dr. Simmons: There was a very interesting study recently done by an economist, Angus Deaton, and a psychologist named Daniel Kahneman. They wanted to know whether more money means more happiness. They analyzed surveys written by thousands of people. Their research demonstrated some very interesting things about money. Once a person earns more than $75,000 a year, making more money ceases to significantly change ones level of happiness. Dave Martin: So, in other words, after a person earns more than $75,000 a year, more money doesnt have a big effect on your everyday happiness. Dr. Simmons: Exactly. The thing thats important to remember is this: Its not about how much money you have. When it comes to money, its what you do with the money that can promote your happinessespecially if you use it to help others and to have your own enjoyable experiences.Dave Martin: Thank you very much, Dr. Simmons. Were going to pause now for a short commercial break.戴夫马丁:大家好,欢迎来到钱很重要。我是你的主人,戴夫马丁。今晚我们非常幸运有西蒙斯学院的Regina Simmons博士在这里与我们谈论金钱与幸福。像往常一样,我们会把电话从你的听众。Simmons博士,如果你有问题请致电。晚上好,西蒙斯博士。Simmons博士:晚上好,戴夫。很高兴来到这里。戴夫马丁:是我们的荣幸才对。Simmons博士,首先,让我问你这个问题:金钱与幸福之间的关系是什么?Simmons博士:嗯,戴夫,最近的一项研究在英国哥伦比亚大学的心理学家伊丽莎白邓恩似乎显示,尽管我们大多数人捐钱让我们快乐,不花钱。这就是邓恩与国家地理在最近的一次采访中表示。戴夫马丁:真的吗?她是怎么发现的?Simmons博士:嗯,当邓恩博士开始更多的money-uh,当她找到了一份工作作为一个教授。她开始变得感兴趣是否金钱可以买到幸福。她想用额外的钱的方式将她的幸福。Simmons博士:作为一个科学家,她寻找的主题研究和研究金钱和幸福的关系。出乎她的意料,很少信息主体的存在。所以邓恩博士决定做一些科学研究,看看人们会得到更多的幸福从使用他们的钱来帮助别人,而不是自己。戴夫马丁:嗯。和她怎么研究这个主题?Simmons博士:这是个好问题。让我给你举个例子。在她的第一个研究中,邓恩博士和她的同事们给一群人少量的钱。他们要求一些人把钱花在其他的人,和一些人把钱花在自己身上。Simmons博士:在一天结束的时候,研究人员采访了每个人。研究人员发现,那些钱花在别人身上的人快乐的人比花在自己身上。从那时起,邓恩博士已经完成很多其他关于金钱与幸福的研究。戴夫马丁:她?哦,对不起,但我认为我们首先调用者。你好,你在空中。调用者1:哦,你好,我想知道有哪些人可能都会犯的错误,如果他们试图用金钱买来幸福。戴夫马丁:谢谢你,调用者。Simmons博士吗?Simmons博士:是的,嗯,一个很常见的错误是主要购买如你不能负担得起的大房子。很多人简单地认为拥有一个昂贵的项目a房子或车让他们开心。但是,你知道,买房子是一个很大的金融承诺,事实上人们经常深入债务购买一个。实际上,没有统计数据证明买房让人快乐。戴夫马丁:我明白了。有金钱与幸福相关的其他研究吗?Simmons博士:哦,当然。另一个有趣的研究是最近由Leaf Van Boven和汤姆Gilovich研究人员完成。他们看着花钱的价值体验。人们可以购买商品如汽车、房子、衣服、和dvd。但经历不同于人们购买其他物品。例如,假期,音乐会,或语言课程的经验。无论如何,这些科学家使用调查询问人们感受他们买的商品相比,他们购买的经历。,研究人员发现,钱花在经历让人们快乐比金钱花费在项目。这样做的原因可能是因为经历更有意义的人,他们成功的社会关系作出更大贡献。戴夫马丁:有意思!哦,我们有另一个调用者。去吧,调用者。调用者2:你好。我的问题是多少钱你需要快乐。戴夫马丁:怎么样,西蒙斯博士吗?我们需要多少钱?Simmons博士:嗯,好吧,显然这不是一个容易回答的问题。人们喜欢说,“生活中最好的东西都是免费的”,这意味着金钱不重要,幸福。我们都知道那不是真的。钱绝对不是幸福的最重要组成部分,但与此同时,没有金钱确实能影响幸福。Simmons博士:最近有一个非常有趣的研究由经济学家安格斯迪顿和一个名叫丹尼尔卡尼曼(Daniel Kahneman)的心理学家。他们想知道更多的钱意味着更多的幸福。他们分析了调查由成千上万的人写的。他们的研究证明了一些非常有趣的关于钱的事情。一旦一个人一年的收入超过75000美元,赚更多的钱就不再显著改变一个的幸福水平。戴夫马丁:所以,换句话说,当一个人一年的收入超过75000美元,更多的钱并没有很大的影响在你每天幸福。Simmons博士:没错。重要的是要记住的事情是这样的:它不是你有多少钱。当涉及到钱,这是你的钱可以促进happiness-especially如果你用它去帮助别人和你自己的愉快体验。戴夫马丁:非常感谢,西蒙斯博士。我们将暂停了一个简短的广告时间。1. What does a recent study by psychologist Elizabeth Dunn show?b. Spending money on others brings us more happiness than spending it on ourselves.2.What caused Dunn to research the relationship between money and happiness?a. She had more money and wanted to use it in ways that would make her happy.3. According to Dr. Simmons, what common error do people make when they try to buy happiness with money?b. They buy expensive things that they cannot afford.4.In their study, what question did Leaf Van Boven and Tom Gilovich want to answer?c. Does money spent on experiences make people happier than money spent on items?5.What did Angus Deaton and Daniel Kahnemans study reveal?b. Making more than a certain amount of money doesnt affect happiness much.1。最近的一项研究由心理学家伊丽莎白邓恩什么节目?b。把钱花在其他比花钱自己带给我们更多的快乐。2。是什么导致了邓恩研究金钱与幸福之间的关系?a。她有更多的钱,想用它的方式,让她开心。3所示。西蒙斯教授,常见的错误做些什么人当他们试图用钱买到幸福吗?b。他们不能买昂贵的东西。4所示。在他们的研究中,Leaf Van Boven和汤姆Gilovich什么问题要回答吗?c。钱花在经历能使人更幸福比金钱花费在物品吗?5。什么Angus Deaton和丹尼尔卡尼曼的研究揭示了吗?b。收入超过一定数量的金钱并不影响幸福。 Happiness StudiesI. Elizabeth DunnA. Research question: Do people get more happiness from spending money on themselves or on other people?B. Experiment:1. Gave people money2. Asked some people to spend it on other people, others on themselves 3. At the end of the day, researchers interviewed everyoneC. Result:people who spent money on other people were happierII. Leaf Van Boven & Tom GilovichA. Research question: What is the value of spending money on experiences versus items?B. Experiment: surveys about experiences and itemsC. Result: people who bought experiences were happierIII. Angus Deaton & Daniel KahnemanA. Research question: Does more money = more happiness?B. Experiment: surveys about money and happinessC. Result: level of happiness stops after $75,000幸福研究一、伊丽莎白邓恩研究问题:人们从花钱在自己身上得到更多的幸福还是别人?b .实验:1。给人钱2。问一些人把钱花在别人,别人在自己身上3所示。在一天结束的时候,研究人员采访了每个人c .结果:钱花在别人身上的人快乐的人二世。Leaf Van Boven &汤姆Gilovich研究问题:什么是花钱的价值体验与物品吗?b .实验:调查经验和物品c .结果:购买经验的人更快乐三世。Angus Deaton &丹尼尔卡尼曼(Daniel Kahneman)研究问题:更多的钱=更多的快乐吗?b .实验:调查关于金钱与幸福c .结果:幸福停止在75000美元的水平Listening 2James: This place is so crowded today. Do we really have to eat here, Tina? I only have half an hour for lunch. Cant we go to the place next door? Its cash-only and the line moves fast. Tina: Im really sorry, James, but I dont have any cash. I was planning to use my debit card for lunch, and there arent any ATMs around here. Donna: You know, I hardly ever go to the ATM anymore. I just get cash back at the supermarket. Besides, I pay for nearly everything with my debit card or some kind of stored-value cardespecially on the subway or at the coffee shop.James: Same here, Donna. Do you two ever use credit cards?Tina: I have one, but its only for emergencies. Even though credit cards are useful, I think theyre dangerous. Its so easy to get into debt. Its like a trap for consumers.Donna: I know it. Actually, all these electronic payment systems worry me a little. I mean, what if someone knows a lot about computers and figures out how to steal the money out of my bank account, or maybe gets my credit card number and uses it to buy stuff?James: You worry too much. Bank accounts are safe, and credit card companies dont make you pay if someone steals your card and uses it. But hold on tight to your stored-value cards. If you lose those, theres no way to get your money back.Tina: By the way, heres a trivia question for you. Which came firstthe credit card or the debit card?James: I dont know.Donna: I think debit cards probably came first. Tina: Actually, credit cards preceded debit cards. The first credit cards came out in the 1950s, I think, and the first debit cards came out in the 1970s.James: Really? Thats interesting. Ill have to look that up online.Donna: Im thinking about taking out a loan to help me buy a car, so I dont have to take the subway anymore. Do you think its a good idea?Tina: Oh, I dont know. If youre capable of paying it back right away, then it might be OK. James: That reminds me, I read about an interesting way of borrowing and lending money. Its called peer-to-peer lending. You might want to check it out, Donna. Donna: How does it work?James: Its simple. You go online and create a loan request, explaining why you need the money and how you plan to repay the loan. But its not banks or finance professionals who assist youits individuals. A person will decide if lend you the sum you request.Tina: Does that really work?James: Its worked for a lot of people. Theres even a service that lends money to people in developing countries. The loans are usually pretty small, but even so, its surprising how much a $50 loan can help someone. Sometimes it can buy a lot when its exchanged for local currency.Donna: Hmm, well, I would only do it if the interest on the loan and the fees were very low. James: Those vary a lot, depending on the Web site. You should do some research first. Hey, you know what, weve been waiting for a while now. Im hungry! Donna, Tina, lets go to the place across the street. Ill pay for lunch today.Donna: Really? Thanks, James!Tina: Thats so nice of you. Next time, Ill pay for lunch instead, all right?詹姆斯:这地方太拥挤的今天。我们真的要在这里吃,蒂娜?我只有半个小时吃午饭。我们不能去隔壁的地方吗?只用现金的,动作快。蒂娜:我真的很抱歉,詹姆斯,但我没有任何现金。我计划使用借记卡吃午饭,和在这里没有自动取款机。唐娜:你知道,我很少去自动取款机了。我刚刚在超市拿回现金。此外,我用借记卡支付几乎所有或某种储值卡card-especially在地铁里或在咖啡店。詹姆斯:我也一样,唐娜。你们两个会使用信用卡吗?蒂娜:我有一个,但它只对紧急情况。尽管信用卡是有用的,我认为他们是危险的。很容易陷入债务。这就像给消费者一个陷阱。多娜:我知道。实际上,所有这些电子支付系统我有点担心。我的意思是,如果有人知道了很多关于计算机和数字如何偷钱从我的银行帐户,或者是得到我的信用卡号码和用它来买东西吗?詹姆斯:你担心得太多了。银行账户是安全的,和信用卡公司不让你支付如果有人偷了你的信用卡和使用它。但坚持做你储值卡。如果你失去了这些,没有办法拿回你的钱。蒂娜:顺便问一下,这里有一个小问题问你。这是第一信用卡或借记卡吗?詹姆斯:我不知道。唐娜:我认为借记卡可能是第一位的。蒂娜:实际上,信用卡之前借记卡。第一个信用卡出现在1950年代,我认为,第一个借记卡在1970年代。詹姆斯:真的吗?这很有趣。我得查一下网上。多娜:我想借钱帮助我买一辆车,所以,我不需要坐地铁了。你认为这是一个好主意吗?蒂娜:噢,我不知道。如果你能支付它,那么它可能是好的。詹姆斯:这倒提醒了我,我读到一个有趣的借款和贷款的方式。它被称为点对点借贷。你可能想看看,唐娜。多娜:它是如何工作的呢?詹姆斯:这很简单。你上网和创建一个贷款请求,解释为什么你需要钱,你计划如何偿还贷款。但这不是银行或金融专业人士帮助你的人。一个人将决定如果借给你总和你的请求。蒂娜:这真的有效吗?詹姆斯:这是为很多人工作。甚至有一个服务,借钱给发展中国家的人们。贷款通常很小,但即便如此,出人意料的是,一个50美元的贷款可以帮助别人。有时它可以买很多的时候兑换当地货币。多娜:嗯,好吧,我只会做它如果贷款的利息和费用很低。詹姆斯:这些变化很多,根据不同的网站。你应该先做些研究准备准备。嘿,你知道,我们现在已经等了一段时间。我饿了!唐娜,蒂娜,让我们去街对面的地方。我将支付今天的午餐。唐娜:真的吗?谢谢你,詹姆斯!蒂娜:你真是太好了。下一次,我将支付午餐,好吗?1. Where are the people? a. At a restaurant. 2. What payment cards do the speakers use the most?b. Debit and stored-value cards.3.According to Tina, why are credit cards dangerous?c. Its easy to get into debt if you have a credit card.4. What is the problem with stored-value cards?b. If theyre lost, their value cannot be replaced.5.Which statement about peer-to-peer lending is correct?c. It allows individuals to loan money directly to other individuals.1。人在哪里?在餐馆。2。演讲者使用最付款卡做什么?b。借记卡和储值卡。3所示。根据蒂娜,为什么信用卡的危险?c。很容易进入债务如果你有一个信用卡。4所示。储值卡的问题是什么?b。如果他们输了,他们的价值不能被取代。5。对点对点的借贷是正确的?c。它允许个人直接向其他个人贷款资金。Listening 2-1Credit card debt is a major problem in the United States. The average debt per household is reported to be about $15,799, and the unpaid credit card bills in a recent year totaled around 69 billion dollars. Kelly Jones got herself in debt by using 10 credit cards, but she recently ceased using them completely. To pay off her $15,000 debt, Jones works 64 hours a week at two jobs. She started a debt management plan, and hopes to pay off her bills in seven years. She will no longer purchase unnecessary items. “I have no idea what I bought. I have nothing to show for it,” she says. Now, Jones warns young people not to repeat her errors, and tells them about what can happen if they rely on credit cards too much. Financial counselors ask people who are in debt like Kelly Jones to cut up all of their credit cards. This is just one component of a process to help clients pay their bills. Counselors display the cut-up cards to demonstrate that people are not alone. Cutting up credit cards shows the commitment that hundreds of people have made to control their spending. Each year millions of people seek help to get out of debt. Many of these people receive counseling and education to promote better money management. 信用卡债务是一个大问题在美国。每个家庭的平均债务报告约15799美元,和未支付的信用卡账单在最近一年总计约690亿美元。凯利琼斯得到了自己的债务通过使用10信用卡,但最近她完全停止使用它们。来偿还15000美元债务,琼斯在两份工作每周工作64个小时。她开始一个债务管理计划,并希望在七年内偿还她的账单。她将不再购买不必要的商品。“我不知道我买了什么。我没有什么成果,”她说。现在,琼斯提醒年轻人不要重复自己的错误,并告诉他们会发生什么,如果他们依赖信用卡太多。金融顾问问人的债务像凯利琼斯切碎他们所有的信用卡。这只是一个过程的一个组成部分,以帮助客户支付他们的账单。辅导员显示切好的卡片证明人们并不孤单。剪碎信用卡显示了数百人的承诺来控制他们的支出。每年数以百万计的人们摆脱债务寻求帮助。很多人接受咨询和教育促进更好的资金管理。1.Why is credit card debt a major problem in the United States?Because the average debt per household is already about $15,799, and the unpaid credit card bills in a recent year has totaled around 69 billion dollars.2. Why did Kelly cease using all her credit cards recently?Because she owes the credit card companies a lot of money and she is working at two jobs in order to pay her debt.3. What steps has Kelly taken to pay off her credit card debt?To pay off her $15,000 debt, Kelly works 64 hours a week at two jobs. She started a debt management plan, and hopes to pay off her bills in seven years. She will no longer purchase unnecessary items.4. What do financial counselors advise people in debt to do? Financial counselors ask people who are in debt like Kelly Jones to cut up all of their credit cards.5. According to the counselors, what does cutting up credit cards show?Cutting up credit cards shows the commitment that hundreds of people have made to control their spending.1。为什么信用卡债务是一个严重的问题在美国?因为每个家庭的平均债务已经约15799美元,和未支付的信用卡账单在最近的一年总计约690亿美元。2。为什么凯利最近停止使用所有她的信用卡吗?因为她欠信用卡公司很多钱,她是在两份工作来支付她的债务。3所示。凯利已经什么步骤来偿还她的信用卡债务?来偿还15000美元债务,凯利在两份工作每周工作64个小时。她开始一个债务管理计划,并希望在七年内偿还她的账单。她将不再购买不必要的商品。4所示。债务的金融顾问建议人们做什么?金融顾问问人的债务像凯利琼斯切碎他们所有的信用卡。5。根据辅导员,剪碎信用卡显示什么?剪碎信用卡显示了数百人的承诺来控制他们的支出。Listening 2-2Interviewer: The worlds financial crisis shows that the way individuals manage their money can affect the whole world. Still, many people are unsure of how the crisis began. Im speaking with economist Ken Lonoff. Mr. Lonoff, where did the crisis begin?Interviewee: It began in the United States. As y