八年级英语上册Unitnbsp;1知识要点（北师大附中2013版新目标）.doc

八年级英语上册Unitnbsp;1知识要点（北师大附中2013版新目标） 新目标英语八年级上讲义 Unit 1 1.复合不定代词：指人 : someone anyone no one everyone 某人 某人，任何人 没有人 每人 somebody anybody nobody everybody 指物： something anything nothing everything 某物 某物，任何事物 没有东西 每件事物 1) 复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单三. Ex. Someone is waiting for you at the door. Nobody knows the answer to the question . 2) some 一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定句和疑问句中. Ex. There is something in the room . There isnt anything in the room . Is there anything in the room ? I have something to do today . I dont have anything to do today . There is someone outside the door . There isnt anyone outside the door. Is there anyone outside the door ? 3) 在表示邀请，请求，建议希望得到对方肯定回答时，用some , 不用any Would you like something to drink / eat ? 4) 肯定句中anything 表示任何事物 , anyone = anybody 任何人Ex. Anything is OK. I can do anything for you . Anybody knows the answer. 5) 形容词或to do 形式修饰复合不定代词时要后置. Ex. There is nothing wrong with my car. I have something important to tell you . There isnt anything interesting here . Do you want something to drink / eat ? 6) not everybody / everyone / everything 表示部分否定，意为 并非都 Ex. Not everyone likes singing . Not everything goes well . not any 和 no 表示全部否定 Ex. He listened ,but heard nothing . He listened ,but didnt hear anything . not anything = nothing not anyone/ body = no one / nobody Ex. There is nothing in the bottle . = There isnt anything in the bottle. 7) no one 指人 ， 回答 Who 提问 , no one of / nobody 不能加of nothing 指物, 不能加of none 指人或物，回答Is there ? 提问none of Ex. Who is in the room ? No one . Is there anyone in the room ? None . 2.表地点复合不定副词：somewhere anywhere 某地，肯定句中 某地，否定句和疑问句中 / 任何地方，肯定句中nowhere everywhere 没有地方 到处，每个地方, 用于肯定句中 Ex. I want to go somewhere interesting . 3.wonderful adj. 精彩的 Ex. We had a wonderful time on the beach . It is such a wonderful film that we all enjoy it . whowonder v. 想知道 what 引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序 why Ex. I wonder who the boy is . = I want to know who the boy is . I wonder what they are doing . =I want to know what they are doing . wonder +特殊疑问词 + to do Ex. I wonder what to do . = I want to know what to do . = I wonder what I should do. I wonder where to go . / I wonder how to do that . 4、几乎没有 few 后接可数名词复数 （否） little 后接不可数名词 肯 a few 有一些，后加可数名词复数 quite a few 相当多，不少a little 有点，后加不可数名词 quite a little相当多，不少 only a few 只有一点 only a little very few 非常少 very little Ex. I have a few friends. 肯 I have few friends . 否 I have quite a few friends . a little 修饰 adj. = kind of= a little bit 5. most of the time 大部分时间 most of the food most of us/them most of + n. = most +n. Ex. Most of the students like English . = Most students like English .6. Of course . = Sure. = Certainly . 当然. 7. 反身代词 第一人称： myself ourselves 我们自己 第二人称： yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称： himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们自己8. seem 似乎，好像 1) seem to be +形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词 似乎 Ex. That seems to be her mother . = That seems her mother . It seems to be too difficult . = It seems too difficult. 2) seem to do sth He seems to have a cold. 3) It seems that + 从句. It seems that he is happy. = He seems to be happy . = He seems happy. 9. adj. bored 感到无聊的 修饰人 boring 令人厌烦的 修饰事或物 I feel bored , because the movie is boring. be bored with 对感到无聊 Ex. Im bored with the boring movie. 10. keep / write a diary = keep /write diaries 记日记 (keep优先使用)11. activity n. 活动 activities 复数 Ex. What activities did you find interesting ? 12. decide 决定 1) decide to do sth. 决定做某事= make a decision to do sth = make ones mind doing sth They decide to visit the museum. decide not to do sth 决定不要做某事 decide + 疑问词+动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.2) decide + 宾语从句（陈述句语序） He cant decide when he leaves . I cant decide where I should go. 改为同义句I cant decide where to go.13. try to do sth. 努力尽力去做某事 Ex. You must try to pass the exam. try doing sth. 试着做某事 Ex. He tried making a model plane. try ones best to do sth = do ones best to do sth 尽最大努力做某事 Ex. You should try your best to learn English well . have a try 试一试 try on 试穿 Ex. Let me have a try . 14. feel like 1）给的感觉，后接从句 He feels like he is swimming. I felt like I was a bird. 2) feel like 想要 后接名词/代词/doing sth feel like doing sth = want to do sth =would like to do sth想要做某事 Do you feel like taking a walk with me ？ Do you want to take a walk with me ? 3) feel + 形容词 , 感到 I feel bored . look +adj. sound+adj. feel +adj. look like +n. sound like+n. feel like +n. 15. look 看起来 taste 尝起来 be( was were is am are) sound 听起来 feel 感觉 摸起来 系动词 +adj. smell 闻起来 seem 似乎16. build v. 建筑 n. 体格 of medium build 中等身材 building n. 建筑物 ,大楼 builder n. 建筑师16. difference n. 不同点-differences n. 复数different adj. 不同的 be different from 不同于 = not the same as Ex. 1) Chinese names are different from English names. = Chinese names arent the same as English names . 2) Im different from you . = Im not the same as you . 3) I cant see the differences between the buses in the picture. n. 不同之处17. on the top of the hill在山顶 , 面 at the top of the hill 在山顶, 点 （ 最高点） at the foot of the hill在山脚下 walk up to the hill top 径直走向山顶 come top 登顶，得第一Ex. He always comes top every exam. 18. wait for + 人或物 wait 不及物动词，连接forEx. Ill wait for you at the door. He waited over an hour for the train . ( He waited for the train over an hour. ) cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 Ex. The wonderful vacation , I cant wait . 19. because + 从句because of + n./ pron./ doing Because the weather was bad, we couldnt see anything below. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.20. enough 1) adj足够的，修饰名词做定语 We have enough time to do our homework. I have enough money . 2) adv.足够地，充分地，用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后 I know him well enough.我足够了解他。 He runs fast enough.他跑得足够快。 21. so+adj/adv+that +从句 如此以至于 too+adj/adv+to do sth. 太。而不能。 not+adj+enough to do sth. 不足够。去做某事 Ex. He is too young to look after himself. He is so young that he cant look after himself. He isnt old enough to look after himself.22. hungry adj. 饥饿的 hunger n. 饥饿 in hunger 处于饥饿中 Ex. There are many children in hunger in the world. 23. as 的 用法: as + adj. / adv. +as，意为“像一样，如同用来表示程度 Tom plays soccer well, and I play it as well as him. Lily sings as well as a singer. 介词，表示作为，当做 He works as a teacher for 10 years. 连词，意为像，按照 You must do everything as I told you. 连词 意为“当的时候” As the students were talking, Mr Wang came in.24. dislike like to do sth / doing sth 25. visit (vt.)及物动词 visit + 人 拜访 访问 visit +地点 参观 游览 Ex. We are visiting the Great Wall. (n.) be on a visit to be on a visit to+人 或 +地点 We are on a visit to the Great Wall.26. go on a vacation 去度假 be on a vacation 在度假27. go to + 地点+with sb. 和某人一起去某地Ex. Last weekend , I went to the park with my family. Did you go with anyone? go out with sb. 和某人一起出去 Who did you go out with?28. Lone time no see . 好久不见. = Its a long time not to see. 29. take photos= take a photo 拍照 take many photos take quite a few photostake photos of sb /sth 给拍照 30. most of the time 大部分时间 Ex. Its noisy here most of the time. Most of the food goes bad.31. stay at home 呆在家 stay healthy 保持健康 stay up late 熬夜 32. taste v. 品尝 Lets taste the bread. 系动词, 尝起来 + 形容词 The bread tastes delicious . 33. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩的高兴 Ex. We are enjoying ourselves on the beach.They are enjoying themselves on the beach.I am enjoying myself on the beach. have a good time have fun + doing sth enjoy oneself 34. What do you think of ? = How do you like ? 你觉得怎么样？35. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 My mother bought a bike for me. My mother bought me a bike.36. go shopping = do some shopping 去购物37. teach oneself= learn by oneself 自学 Help yourself to sth . 随便吃点 38. feed 喂养 1) feed with sth 用喂 She is feeding the baby with porridge. 2) feed on 以为食 Horses feed on grass. 3) feed sth to 把喂给 He is feeding grass to the horse. 39. nothingbut 除了什么也没有，其后接n / pron /动词原形, 只有 Ex. I had nothing but a cup of milk this morning. I had nothing much to do but watch TV.40. No one seemed to be bored . 似乎没人觉得无聊. 41. say about . 发表看法 Ex. What did she say about the people there ?42. arrive in + 大地方 arrive at + 小地方 get to / reach He arrived in American by plane yesterday, and I will get there next week.43. 感叹句: How + 形 +主+谓 ！ Ex. How fine the weather is. What a /an +形+名词单数 +主+谓！ What a fine d