英语人教版八年级下册动词不定式.doc

人教版新目标英语八年级下册导学案课 题Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.课 型语法课课 时第1课时内容Grammar主备人冷百川教 材分 析本单元以“提供帮助和寻求帮助”为主题，以帮助打扫公园为背景，展开多种语言训练活动。目的是让学生学会提供帮。通过听力训练让学生们学会如何提供帮助。学 情分 析本单元主要谈论如何提供帮助及其志愿活动，通过本单元的学习，我们将学会如何谈论组织并进行志愿活动。在别人遇到困难时候，主动提供帮助，让我们的爱心通过志愿者活动惠及每个需要帮助的人。学 习目 标掌握动词不定式重 点1. 动词不定式的构成 2. 动词不定式所充当的成分难 点动词不定式的运用教 法学 法Task-based Language TeachingPracticing 教 学资 源PPT Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.非谓语动词： 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别 英语动词分谓语动词（含系动词）和非谓语动词（分词 、不定式及动名词）两类。动词既以谓语的功能出现，它就具有了形式上的多种变化：时态，语态及主谓数的统一等等在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词； 在句子中不能作谓语，而是担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。一非谓语动词1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词现在分词 过去分词二动词不定式 的构成：动词不定式的肯定形式 to+动词原形 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如： 1.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 2. My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。三动词不定式 的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。本单元学习不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。（一）动词不定式充当主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有： 1.Its important to learn 2.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. (1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth(3)It takes sb some time to do sth(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式 此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出, 逻辑主语由of引出时, 表语的形容词为kind，nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。for 与of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)A.It is not easy for Tom to learn a foreign language.B.Its very nice of you to get me two tickets to the World Cup.C.It is helpful for us to learn English well.练习题1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（二）动词不定式充当宾语1.I want to go home.2.We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。3.The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 注意： 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事mean to do (意思是)想做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。2.不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 练习题1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep（三）动词不定式作宾语补足语 1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。 1.The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 2.I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 3.We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。 4.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. 5.I expect you to give me some help.2使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）练习题1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him