damage ruin hurt injure区别.docx

Damage means to cause physical harm to a thing or to a part of your body : Fires can damage crops and animals. | He damaged a knee ligament playing rugby. You do not usually talk about damaging a person. Use hurt , injure , or wound instead : He was hurt in a climbing accident (NOT He was damaged in a climbing accident). However, you can talk about damaging an unborn child : German measles in pregnancy can damage your baby. Use hurt or injure to talk about people suffering physical harm as a result of an accident, earthquake, hurricane etc : No one was hurt in the car crash. | We hoped he wasnt seriously injured. ! Do not say injure someones health. Say damage someones health . Use wound to talk about someone being hurt by a weapon such as a gun or a knife : He shot dead three people and wounded several others. | a wounded soldierdestroy, ruin, spoil Destroy means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or people can no longer use it : The earthquake destroyed even the tallest buildings. | The rainforests are being destroyed at a frightening rate. If you ruin or spoil something, it still exists, but it has lost all its good qualities or features. Ruin is stronger than spoil : The rain ruined my hair. | I dont want to spoil your day.1. damage, destroy, ruin damage, destroy 和 ruin 这三个单词均表示破坏、损坏的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。 damage指部分损坏、损害、破坏或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something 连用。例如: Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。 The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。 destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作破坏、毁灭解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。例如: The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。 His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。 ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作使毁灭、使崩溃、弄糟解;用作名词时,它表示毁灭、瓦解、废墟等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。例如: The fire ruined the castle. 那场大火使城堡夷为废墟。 The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。 The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。2.hurt, injure, harm, wound hurt, injure, harm 和 wound 都有伤的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。 hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如: The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。 She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒时,一条腿受了伤。 He felt hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。 注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。 injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如: A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 Drinking can injure ones health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。 I hope I didnt injure her feelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。 harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如: Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。 I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。 There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如: The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。 The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。 You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。Be dying to do sthBe dying for sthShe is dying to see you.她渴望见到你。She is dying for a cup of coffee.她非常想喝杯咖啡。Used to do I used to go to the cinema a lot, but I never get the time now.我以前常去电影院，现在没空去了。didnt use tousednt to过去在山顶有一座寺庙吗？Used there to /Did there use to be a temple on top of the hill?你父亲曾经喝很多酒，是不是？Your father used to drink a lot, didnt / usednt he?be used to doing sth./sth. 习惯于be used to do sth. 被用于做Work out1. to train the body by physical exercise.I work out regularly to keep fit.2. (口语)结果，成为Things have worked out quite well for us.事情的结果对我们很不错。How did his suggestions work out?他的提议结果怎样？3. to calculate sth. ；to solve sth. 算出，解决Can you work out the answer to this question?He spent a whole day trying to work out a code.4. to plan or think of sth. 计划，思考Ive worked out a new way of doing it.我想出了做这事的一个新方法。5. 理解，弄懂Ive never been able to work her out.我从未能摸准她的秉性。I cant work out the meaning of the poem.我理解不了这首诗。Stay slim坚持到底，保持， 停留， 留宿I hope the weather will stay fine.我希望天气可以持续放晴。I stayed late at the party last night.昨晚我在晚会上呆到很晚。Jane Austen stayed single all her life.简奥斯汀终身未婚。Figure n.1. 数字His salary is now in six figures.他的薪水现在是六位数。（超过十万）The problem is how to keep unemployment figure down.问题是该如何让失业数字保持在低水平。2. 人物，人士He has become a figure known to everyone. 3. 轮廓，人影I saw a tall figure in the darkness.我看到暗处有一个高大的人影。4. 体形，身材，身段She has an attractive figure.5. 雕像，塑像Theres a bronze figure of a horse.6. 几何图形a five-sided figure 五边形Figure out1. To think about sb/sth until you understand them/it 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白I cant figure out how to do this.我弄不懂怎样做这件事。2. 计算出（金额或成本）Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?你有没有计算出旅行要花多少费用了？Especially 1. more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others 特别;尤其;格外I love Rome, especially in the spring.We need to be especially careful. 2. for a particular purpose, person, etc 特地;专门I made it especially for you.especially / specially 1. Especially usually means particularly2. Especially is not placed first in a sentence Especially不能置于句首！ I especially like sweet things. Especially I like sweet things.3. It is better to use especially in front of adjectives to emphasize themThe cake was especially good. 4. Specially usually means for a particular purpose and is often followed by a past participle, such as designed, developed or madeShe has her clothes specially made in Paris.5. In BrE, especially and specially are often used in the same way and it can be hard to hear the difference when people speak. Specially is less formal6. The adjective for both especially and specially is usually special.Be ashamed ofAshamed为表语形容词，不能做前置定语，只能做表语或者后置定语。Be ashamed to doBe ashamed thatHe is ashamed of his failure.He is ashamed of having failed.He is ashamed that he had failed.He is ashamed to tell anyone that he had failed.Because, since, as, forBecause 表示直接的理由，强调别人未知的事实。Since, as一般表示已知的事实，强调引起的后果。For不用于句首，对前面的句子做解释，或对前面发生的事情进行推断。它与because有时可以互换，但for表示的因果不如because那么直接和严密。He must have taken the book since it isnt here. Since you know you are wrong, you had better admit it.As you are tired, you had better rest. He must have done something wrong, for the teacher called him to the office. The teacher called him to the office, because he had done something wrong.Work to have the result or effect that you want (on sb/sth) The pills the doctor gave me arent working. His charm doesnt work on me (= does not affect or impress me).Recover 1. 重新获得，重新找到Jane recovered her lost wallet. 简寻回了丢失的钱包。2. 恢复，康复Im still recovering from a bad cold.The country had not yet recovered from the war.She has recovered her sight.3. 挽回，弥补Its hard to recover lost time. Regret v.1. 后悔，遗憾Regret sth/doing sthRegret thatHe regretted selling the farm.She regretted that she hadnt taken the job.I regret the loss of her friendship.2.为.抱歉,遗憾Regret toI regret to say that I am unable to help you. Contain v. (不用于进行时)1. 包含，容纳This bottle contains two litres of water.The orange contains a lot of vitamin C. The information you need is contained in this article.2.控制，遏制I could not contain my laughter. 我控制不住自己，笑出声来。 contain oneself 控制自己He was too excited to contain himself.Contain & include1. If sth contains sth else, it has that thing inside it or as part of it2. If sth includes sth else, it has the second thing as one of its parts advice n. advise v.advise sb to do sthadvise doing sthadvise sb on sth/about sthadvise sb against doing sthadvise that sb + (should) doadvise sb of sth (通知)worth adj. (不放在名词前) 1. 有(.的)价值,值.钱This necklace is worth 1,000 US dollars. 2. 值得(做.) be worth sth/doing sthThat book is worth reading. The exhibition is worth a visit. The trip was expensive but it was worth every penny. worth n. This research project is of great worth. He kee