高一英语必修一知识点3.doc

Module 3 My First Ride on a Train1. trip 旅行：to make a trip 辨析：trip/journey/travel/voyage/flight/tour journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。 例如：I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year. - How long is your journey to school? -Only about 10 minutes. voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如： She usually gets seasick during the voyage. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air. tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如： I will tour the world in the future. My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。例如： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time. I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday. travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。traveler旅行者，travel agency 旅行社 例如： At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time. I am reading a book about the travel to North Pole. They came home after years of foreign travel. Light travels faster than sound. flight 空中旅行，航班2. tourist spot旅游景点 Spot 可作名词和动词用：n. 地点，场所； 斑点，污点； v. 弄上污渍，弄上斑点； 污辱，玷污； 认出，发现； 散步 Lets meet at this spot tomorrow.明天我们就在这个地方见面。an ideal picnic 一个理想的野餐场地I spotted him in the world.我在人群中认出了他。（相当于see,但spot强调一下子捕抓到）How did you spot those fifties were counterfeited.你怎样发现那些50元面值的纸币是伪造的。3.match 名词： match point game point the gold medal point 例：Bill is no match for his younger brother at chess.比尔下棋不是他弟弟的对手。 The chairs and the desk are a good match.这些椅子和这种书桌很相配。 动词： match sb 比得上某人 No one matches him when it comes to swimming.谈到游泳，没有人比得过他 Those two shoes dont match.那两只鞋不是一双。 The tie matches your suit.这个领带是适合你的款式。 【辨析】fit/suit fit：大小合适 suit 颜色款式合适4. means 三点：可数名词，单复数一致，一般只用单数。5.refer to 涉及； 指的是； 适用于； 参考 A refer to B含义：提及提到：The reports of the commission are often referred to in the media.该委员会的报告经常在媒体上被提及 针对指向：God refers to something that cannot be known.上帝针对的事情是不能被知道的 参考参照：Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道如何去拼写一个单词时需要参照字典。 refer A to B Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。6. more than 【含义】Stone is more than a teacher.不仅仅是. . Stone is no more than a teacher.他仅仅是. . Stone is no less than a teacher.你只不过是. . Stone is more of an artist than a teacher.与其说是一名老师不如说是一位艺术家 more of +名+than Stone is more lazy than stupid.与其说他笨不如说他懒。 Stone is more than happy/pleased/willing to help you.7. drive drive sb crazy/mad 被逼疯 He was driven by ambition.他受了野心的驱使8. take off 【意义】Last nights strong wind nearly took the roof off.作业的大风差一点把屋顶刮掉了。 I cant take my boots off,theyre so tight.靴子太紧了，我脱不下来。 The tiger took off from the ground with a powerful spring.老虎从地上猛地一跃而起。 Her acting career took off with the film.她的演艺事业在电影方面取得成功。9.distance the distance between A and B. in the distance 在远处 at a distance 相隔一段距离10. field in the field of 在方面，在领域11. Carry carry out 执行 carry away 被. .冲昏头脑 She was carried away by her success. carry off 轻而易举地做. .赢得（奖品，荣誉等） The college team carried off all the prizes of the table tennis. carry on 继续 We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. She has learnt enough English to carry on a conversation with a native speaker.（当地本土的）12. supply supply sb with sth把供给；给某人提供某物 =supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb13. the 1920s 年代的表达法 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示 the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪 the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世纪 the 1900s 二十世纪 the 1600s 十七世纪 这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成 in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世纪三十年代 in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世纪六十年代 In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties，he found it important to study the situation in Russia，so he began to learn Russian在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时，他发现研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early，mid-，late in the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期年月日表示法A 年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。B 1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nineC 1800 读作 eighteen hundredD 253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-threeE 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。14. 辨析：not any more/not any longerno longer=not any longer no more=not any more no more 和 not any more 可以做宾语，no longer 不可以 No longer意思是“不再”，其确切含意为某状态在某个时刻之后不再继续下去了。所以，当你从学校毕业了，就可以说：Im no longer a student.我不再是个学生了。 notany longer侧重时间，比如： He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer. 他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。) not any more侧重程度和数量，比如： You can drink no more. = You cant drink any more. 你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。) 【注意】由于no longer本身就带有否定的含义，即表示“再也不”，所以不能在同一个句子中加入否定词，比如： Ill come here no longer.我再也不来了。 15. allow allow doing/allow ab to do（无allow to do） 辨析：allow/permit 通常可以通用。但permit 正式，含有“积极地正面地允许”的意义。 They dont permit you to smoke. allow 指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”，偏重“默许”或“听任”，含义消极 Each passenger is allowed twenty-five kilogrammes of luggage.每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。16.可能 大 小：probably=likelymaybeperhapspossible Could you possibly lead me some money?可能性比较小，表委婉，客气 You cant possibly work out.用可能性小表否定。17. not at all 回答对方感谢（固定用法） not . .at all/none at all 毫不，一点没有。后者强调数目。18. Speed a speed of/the speed of前者只指. .的速度，后者指特定物体的速度 The speed of sound 音速19. mean 作动词的用法I dont know what you mean.我不明白你的意思Animals have always meant more to him than people.对他来说动物总是比人重要