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Unit four Personal SpaceDont Stand Too Close4.Vocabularyl BarrierNoun1. an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another.屏障;障碍物e.g.: Showing your ticket at the barrier.2. something that exists between one thing or person and another and keeps them separate.分隔线;隔阂;障碍e.g.: There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.In text para6 e.g.: They build small physical barriers like a pile of books or their bags or a single book stood up on end. Barrier to sth.Barrier between A and BBarrier against sth.l ClaspVerb.1. to hold sth tightly in your hand紧握;攥紧;抓紧e.g.: I stood there, clasping the door handle.2. to fasten sth. with a clasp 扣紧;扣住e.g.: She clasped the bracelet around her wrist.In text para4 e.g.: You might even clasp your hands in front of you, or hold your bag in front of you.l Compartment1. one of the separate sections which a coach/car on a train is divided into (铁路客车车厢分隔成的)隔间2. one of the separate sections that sth. such as a piece of furniture or equipment has for keeping things in. (家具或设备等的)分隔间,隔层。In text para4 e.g.: When we are crushed in a crowded lift, a rush-hour compartment of the subway, or a crowd at a sport event, we are forced to give up our personal space completely and accept other people touching us.l Cope (with)Verb. To deal successfully with sth. 成功地对付,处理e.g.: I got to the stage where I wasnt coping any more.In text para1 e.g.: How do people manage to cope on an individual basis with this shortage of space?l CrushVerb.1. to press or squeeze sth so hard that it is damaged or injured, or loses its shape.压坏;挤压变形e.g.: The car was completely crushed under the truck.2. to push or press sb./sth. into a small space.把挤入;将塞进e.g.: Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell.In text para4: When we are crushed in a crowded lift, a rush-hour compartment of the subway, or a crowd at a sport event, we are forced to give up our personal space completely and accept other people touching us.l ElbowNoun the joint between the upper and lower parts of the arm where it bends in the middle. 肘、肘部In text para6 e.g.: Another method is to test their elbows on the table and sit with their hands screening their eyes from the people in either side.l ExpressionlessAdj. Not showing feelings, thoughts, etc. 无表情的,呆板的e.g.: an expressionless face/tone/voiceIn text para7 e.g.: You will probably keep your face as expressionless as possible and will try not to move at all.l GraduallyAdv. Slowly, over a long period of time.逐渐地;逐步地;渐近地In text para5 e.g.: People who have to spend most of their time in a crowded environment gradually become more used to having a smaller personal space.l ImpressionNoun1. an idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about ab/sth, or that sb/sth gives you印象,感想Impression of sb/sthImpression thate.g.: a general/an overall impression2. the effect that an experience or a person has on sb/sth 影响;效果Impression on sbe.g.: My words made no impression on hei.3. a drawing showing what a person looks like or what a place or a building will look like in the future. 印象画4. an amusing copy of the way a person acts or speaks 对某人举止言谈的滑稽模仿Impression of sbIn text para7 e.g.: Spreading out your belongings is also a well-known trick on public transport, where a passenger is try to give the impression that the seats next to him are taken.l indicateverb.1. to show that sth is true or exists 表明;标示;显示e.g.: Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.2. to be a sign of sth; to show that sth is possible or likely 象征,暗示e.g.: A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.3. to make sb notice sb/sth, especially by pointing or moving your head 指示;指出Indicate sb/sth to sbe.g.: She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.In text para4 e.g.: People usually study the panel that indicates the floor number.l Packed Adj. 1. extremely full of people 异常拥挤的,挤满人的e.g.: The restaurant was packed.2. containing a lot of a particular thing 有大量的;极多的e.g.: The book is packed with information.An information-packed bookPacked with sth.In text para4 e.g.: Imagine you have entered a packed lift, what do you do?l Resort toTo make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution. 求助于;依靠In text para8 e.g.: We sometimes resort to physical methods of protecting our space.l ScatterVerb.1. to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground撒;撒播e.g.: Scatter the grass seed over the lawn.Scatter sth on/over/around sthScatter sth with sth.2. to move or to make people or animals move very quickly in different directions散开;分散;使分散;驱散e.g.: Books, papers and other personal belongings are scattered around the site to make it seem more private to others.l screenverb to hide or protect sth/sb by placing sth in front of or around them 掩藏;遮蔽;保护e.g.: Dark glasses screened his eyes from the sun.screen sth/sb from sth/sbNoun 屏幕;屏风;遮掩物;纱窗In text para6 e.g.: Another method is to test their elbows on the table and sit with their hands screening their eyes from the people on either side.l StrategyNoun a plan that is in tended to achieve a particular purpose 策略;计策;行动计划Strategy for doing sthStrategy to do sth.e.g.: the governments economic strategyIn text para6 e.g.: They solve it by using a variety of techniques or strategies to shut themselves off from the people nearby.l TerritoryNoun land that is under the control of a particular country or ruler. 领土;版图;领地e.g.: enemy/disputed/foreign territoryOccupied territoriesIn text para7 e.g.: Students often have small, personal items such as a toy or doll, which they place at the edge of their territory.l Personal spaceThis is the amount of space between himself or herself and other people around them that a person feels comfortable with. If other people are too close or too far away, then the person begins to feel uncomfortable.生存空间.Phrasesl Personal space 生存空间l In less heavily populated areas 在人口不太稠密的城市l Cope on an individual basis with this shortage of space 如何处理个体缺乏空间问题l Regard as把视为l Carry out to do 着手去做l A dentists surgery 牙科候诊室l Illustrate the idea 说明情况l Feel a little insulted 感到受了侮辱l In a crowded lift 在拥挤的电梯里l A rush-hour compartment of the subway 高峰时地铁车厢l Deliberately ignore sb 故意不理某人l A packed lift 拥挤的电梯l Keep your face as expressionless as possible 尽量面无表情l Clasp ones hand 紧握某人的手l The Mediterranean area 在地中海地区l Break off the conversation 中断对话l A variety of techniques or stratefies 一些办法或策略l Shut sb/ off from sth 使与隔离l A pile of books l Build small physical barriers用身体建立小屏障l At the edge of ones territory在某人领域的边缘l Spread out摊开东西l A well-known trick 众所周知的小技巧l Resort to 求助于;诉诸l In any area of dense population and limited space 在那些人口稠密以及空间受限的地方l Give out 公布;宣布 The signals given out by others.l Result in conflict 引起冲突Summarizing the information in a textSituationActions taken reasons for Actions Entering a waiting room with one person already seatedSit as far a way from the other person as possible Sitting too close, causes the feeling of nervousness, sitting too far may be feel a little insulted.A crowded train/lift etc.1. Pretend the other people arent there2. Ignore them3. Avert your eyes from them4. Keep your face as expressionless as possibl
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