2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词12.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_轨道；绕轨道飞行(n. & vt.)2_在船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上(adv.)3_代替；取代(vt.)4_业余的(adj.)5_评论(n.)orbitaboardreplaceamateurreview 6_经济(n.)_(adj.)7_祝贺(n.)_(vt.)8_成就；功业；伟绩(n.)_取得；完成；达到(vt.)9_高兴的；快乐的(adj.)_快乐；使愉快(n. & vt.)_令人高兴的(adj.)10_信念；信条(n.)_相信(v.)_可信的(adj.)_不信；怀疑；疑惑(n.)economyeconomic/ economicalcongratulationcongratulateachievementachievedelighteddelightdelightfulbeliefbelievebelievabledisbelief 11_证据(n.)_明显的(adj.)12_文化的(adj.)_(n.)13_金融的(adj.)_(n.)14_创立；建立(vt.)_创立；建立；基础(n.)15_创作(vt.)_生产；产量(n.)_产品(n.)evidenceevidentculturalculturefinancialfinancefoundfoundationproduceproductionproduct.常用短语1_拍摄2_总共；合计3_被分成4_集中于5_和相似take photographs of in total be divided into concentrate on be similar to 6_在太空7_起飞8_很高兴做某事9_既然10_快点；得了；来吧in space take off be delighted to do sth now that come on .重点句型1Amateur astronomer David Bates _ at the moon through his telescope last night _ he got a big surprise.昨天晚上业余天文学家大卫贝茨用天文望远镜观看月球，突然他有了一个惊人的发现。答案：was looking; when2_ she was waiting for a taxi outside the studio, she met Sam Parrish, _ was two metres tall.当她在演播室外面等出租车时，她遇到了有两米高的萨姆帕里什。答案：While; who3_ hes seen aliens landing on the moon?这是他第一次看见外星人登陆月球吗？答案：Is this the first time4The Sun, _ in 1964, is the most successful of the popular newspapers.太阳报，成立于1964年，是流行报纸中最成功的。答案：founded.模块语法1People do not know the value of freedom_they have lost it.AuntilB. whenC. since D. as答案：A2I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice_I picked up the phone.A. while B. afterC. in case D. the moment答案：D3We were playing football on the playground_it began to rain.A. while B. whenC. as D. after答案：B4It won t be long_we meet again in Beijing.A. when B. whileC. before D. after答案：C5_ you have known what to do, youd better get down to it as soon as possible.A. Now that B. AfterC. Although D. As soon as答案：A6Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured.A. as B. ifC. when D. where答案与解析：A本题考查原因状语从句，用as。句意：“，因为这是她特珍惜的一段记忆”。其他三项都不表示原因。7Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.You cant go in the club _ your name is on the list.A. because B. throughC. unless D. if答案与解析：C句意：除非名单上有你的名字，否则你不能进入俱乐部。8_ everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more.A. For B. EvenC. Since D. However答案与解析：C考查连词。理解题目中两个句子由句意可知前后是因果关系。“既然每个人都知道了那件事，我不想再说了。”考点探究解密考 点 解 读1congratulation n祝贺(pl.)；祝词；贺词精讲拓展：congratulations (on.)祝贺()offer/send ones congratulations to sb.向某人祝贺accept ones congratulations 接受某人的祝贺express ones congratulations 表示庆贺congratulate v祝贺congratulate sb.on/upon sth.就(因)某事向某人祝贺congratulate oneself on.为庆幸，感到幸运误区警示：congratulation表示“(向)祝贺”时常用其复数形式，即congratulations。朗文在线：Give Marie my congratulations and tell her Ill come soon.替我恭喜玛丽并转告她我很快就来。I congratulated myself on my good fortune.我为自己的好运气感到高兴。Congratulations on a superb performance!对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！词语辨析：celebrate与congratulate两者都含有“祝贺”的意思。celebrate是指对某一节日、生日和胜利等的“庆祝”，其宾语是某件事情。We celebrated the New Year with a dance party.我们举行舞蹈晚会庆祝新年。He celebrated his birthday with a banquet.他举行宴会庆祝自己的生日。congratulate是指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示的“庆贺”，其宾语是某个人。I congratulated my friend on her birthday.我对朋友的生日表示祝贺。We congratulated him on having won the championship.我们祝贺他获得了冠军。命题方向：此词多在交际用语题目中与其他类似短语放在一起以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练(1)Its your birthday today？_(恭喜)!(2)We_(祝贺)him on having won the championship.(3)You really should_(庆幸)on your appearance.(4)They _(庆祝)their mothers 66th birthday with a big meal in the restaurant.Congratulations congratulated congratulate yourself celebrated (5)Let me congratulate you_the birth of your daughter.Aat BonCin DbyB 2aboard adv.在船(或飞机，车)上；上船(或飞机，车)prep.在(船，飞机，车)上；上(船，飞机，车)精讲拓展：go aboard(the plane) 登机All aboard！(口)请大家上船/车/飞机！Welcome aboard！请上船/飞机/车！board n板v.登机；上船on board 在船上；在飞机上误区警示：aboard要与abroad分清，二者很容易混淆abroad adv.在国外，到国外，去国外go abroad 出国return from abroad 从国外回来at home and abroad 国内外朗文在线：The boat swayed as he stepped aboard.他上船时，船晃了起来。命题方向：aboard常与abroad，broad及board放在一起以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练 (1)The plane crashed，killing all 180 people_(飞机上的)(2)All_(上船/飞机等)!(3)There were 50 passengers aboard when the ship sank.(替换)_aboard aboard on board (4)As the train was to pull out，her husband came running along and climbed_.Aabroad BbroadCaboard Dboard答案与解析：C“爬上火车”。3belief n相信，信任，信念，信仰，信条，教义To the best of my belief there is no danger.精讲拓展 beyond belief 难以置信地have belief in 相信to the best of my belief 在我看来，据我所知，我深信hold a firm belief that.坚信religious beliefs 宗教信仰believe sb./what sb.said 相信某人的话believe in sb.信任某人活学巧练 (1)He explained the_(教义)of Taoism to us.(2)There is nothing more natural than a childs_(信赖)in his parents.(3)I always_(信得过)you，but I dont_(相信)you.beliefs belief believe in believe4evidence n证据，根据，论据精讲拓展：give/show/bear evidence of 证明，说明，表明give no evidence of 没有的迹象in evidence 看得见，到场；明显的，显而易见的；律认作有效之证据call sb.in evidence 叫某人来作证evidence for/of a conclusion 结论的根据误区警示：evidence是一个不可数名词。朗文在线：Theres some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。Carol was called upon to give evidence.卡罗尔被要求出庭作证。The army is more in evidence in the cities than in rural areas.军队在城市中比在乡村里更惹人注意。命题方向：与evidence组成的短语中的介词是常考点。活学巧练：He was released when the judge ruled there was _against him.Aevident BevidenceCno evident Dno evidence答案与解析：D句意：法官裁决没有证明他有罪的证据，他获得了释放。no evidence同not any evidence。5evidence n证据，根据，论据精讲拓展：give/show/bear evidence of 有的迹象give no evidence of 没有的迹象in evidence 明显的，显而易见的call sb.in evidence 叫某人来作证evident adj. 明显的；明白的；清楚的be evident to sb. that. 某人清楚It is (quite) evident that. 很显然朗文在线：Theres some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。The army is more in evidence in the cities than in rural areas.军队在城市中比在乡村里更惹人注意。It is evident to everybody that she loves music.她爱好音乐，这是有目共睹的事实。活学巧练：翻译：(1)没有任何证据证明他有罪。(evidence)_(2)很显然大家都知道他错了。(evident)_There is no evidence that he is guilty/ of his being guilty.It is evident to all that he is wrong.5in total 合计，总计There are 4,000 students in our school in total.我校共有4,000名学生。精讲拓展：a total of 总共in all总共total (up)to总计为，总数达total up算出总数，总计sum up总计add up to总计，总数达误区警示：in total相当于副词totally的用法，在句中作状语，而total up to是动词短语在句中作谓语 。朗文在线：There were probably about 40 people there in total.那里总共可能有40人左右。They were jailed for a total of thirty years.他们在监牢里总共被关了30年。At the end of the game total up everyones score to see who has won.在游戏结束时，把每个人的总分加起来，看看是谁赢了。命题方向：in total及total up两短语是重要考点，常考查介、副词in与up。活学巧练You can find just 2,000 books_in this room.Atogether Ball overCin total Dtotally答案与解析：Ctogether“一起”；all over“遍及”；totally为副词，为“完全地”；in total 为“总共，合计”。6now that既然，由于(相当于since)，引导原因状语从句。精讲拓展：for now(for the moment) 口暂时，目前，眼下from now on 从现在起，今后just now 刚才，方才；眼下，现在now，now口(用于安慰等)好啦，好啦now.now/then/again.时而时而，忽而忽而Now(In the time)or never！机不可失！until/till now 到现在为止，迄今up to now 到现在为止，迄今误区警示：now that引导原因状语从句时，that可省略。朗文在线：Now that theyve got to know each other a little better，they get along just fine.由于彼此之间有了进一步的了解，他们相处得不错。Now youre here，why not have a drink.既然你来了，就喝一杯吧。命题方向：now that常与even though，because等放在一起以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练 (1)(2010南京高三二模)_he was the last man I wanted to see，I did all my power to help him.AAs BNow thatCThough DHowever答案与解析：C句意：尽管我最不愿意见的人是他，我还是尽力帮他。though引导让步状语从句。汉译英(2)既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。答案：(2)Now that youve grown up，you shouldnt depend on your parents.7take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；开始成功；休假精讲拓展：take away 拿走take out 去掉；取出；带出去take back 收回(诺言)，带回take up 从事，拿起take in 收留；领会；欺骗take over 接管；接任误区警示：take off表示“起飞”及“开始成功”含义时为不及物动词，后不可接宾语，因此，也不可用被动语态。朗文在线：As the plane was taking off，I remembered I hadnt turned the iron off.飞机起飞时，我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。Take your coat off.脱掉你的外衣。I hear the business is really taking off.我听说生意真的开始兴隆了。命题方向：take off表示“起飞”时常以时态题被考查，其他含义常以词语辨析题出现。活学巧练：When are you leaving?My plane_at 1015.Atakes off Btook offCis about to take off Dwill take off答案与解析：A表示计划好的时间表中的动作，用一般现在式表示将来时。8a complete success一次圆满的成功；a big surprise一件令人非常惊讶的事情以上短语中的success，surprise为抽象名词具体化。精讲拓展 success，surprise，delight，disappointment，excitement，failure等抽象名词若指抽象概念时为不可数名词，但具体到某个人或某件事则为可数名词。误区警示：success，surprise前有形容词修饰时往往是可数名词。朗文在线：The play was an overnight success.该剧一夜走红。Joan！What a lovely surprise to see you again!琼！再次见到你真是惊喜万分！命题方向：此类抽象名词往往考查其前是否用不定冠词。活学巧练：Joan is determined to be_success in whatever field she chooses.A/BtheCanDa答案与解析：D考查抽象名词的具体化，a success 指“一个成功的人”。9时间状语从句时间状语从句所表示的动作与主句所表示的动作有同时性、先时性和后时性三种关系。两个事件的发生在时间上没有先后之分，或者说没有明显的先后之分，即所说的同时性，此时要用when，whenever，while，as long as，as soon as，just as，the instant，the moment，hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than等表示。Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.我明天回来将继续做这项工作。I recognized you the minute I saw you.我一见到你，就认出了你。先时性和后时性指两个连续发生的事件在时间顺序上有先后之分，这时就要用before，after，till/until，when，since等连词或介词来表示。Before I could get in a word，he already gave orders.我还来不及插话，他已经吩咐下去了。After the students were all in the lab，the professor brought out three bottles.在学生们全进入实验室后，教授拿出三个瓶子来。活学巧练 (1)How long do you think it will be_China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?Perhaps two or three years.Awhen BuntilCthat DbeforeD (2)She said to me，“Ill tell you the result of the test_I know it”Abecause Bthe minuteCafter Dthough(3)It will be 5 years _we meet again in Beijing.A. when B. whileC. before D. afterB C 10原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连接词有because，as，since，now that等。一般说来，because语气最强，用来表示导致某种结果的直接原因，常用来回答why引起的问句。as和since语气较弱，不用来回答why引起的问句。since从句表示显然的或已知的理由。as和since多放在句首。We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨，我们待在家里。Now that/Since everyone is here，lets start!既然大家都到了，咱们出发吧！As it is too late，I have to go.太晚了，我得走了。另外，for也用来说明原因可它是一个并列连词，其后的分句常表示附加或推断的理由。一般不能置于句首，常用逗号与前面分句隔开。Its morning now，for the birds are singing.已经是早上了，鸟在鸣叫。活学巧练 (1)_you ve got a chance, you had better make full use of it.A. Now that B. AfterC. Although D. As soon as答案：A(2)_it was getting dark, we walked faster.A. Because B. IfC. Even though D. As long as答案：A(3)_you are free tonight，_not drop in and play chess with me?ABecause；do BSince；whyCFor；and DAs；but答案：B考 题 演 练1.He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. loadC. question D. waste答案与解析：D本题结合语境考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说我的新车只是在浪费钱而已。难道你不觉得那些话有“吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸”的感觉吗？本题考查名词词组在具体语境中的用法辨析。a lack of“缺乏”；a load of“大量，许多”；a question of“的问题”；a waste of“浪费”。2Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?_ it doesnt rain.A. Until B. WhileC. Once D. If答案与解析：D本题考查状语从句的引导词，弄清上下文关系是解题的关键。句意：明天我们去野餐吗？只要不下雨(就去)。3Were organizing a party next Saturday, and Id like you to come._！ I have another one that day. Thank you just the same.A. Good luck B. What a pityC. Never do it again D. Well done答案与解析：B本题考查交际用语。一定要结合语境及中西文化的差异作出正确的选择。What a pity！真可惜！该答语往往用来表示对无法做到的事表示遗憾，符合I have another one that day. Thank you just the same.所表达的语境。4You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.A. so far as B. so long asC. in case D. even if答案与解析：B本题考查状语从句引导词的用法辨析。句意：你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as远到；就而言；so long as只要；in case以防(万一)；even if即使。5Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.A. as if B. as long asC. now that D. in order that答案与解析：B解题时要注意连词的用法及与句意的结合。考查连词的用法。as long as意为“只要”。6Are you ready for Spain?Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young.A. while B. untilC. if D. before答案与解析：A本题考查时间状语从句的连词。对于状语从句连词的确定，最重要的一点就是把握上下句的逻辑关系。答语句意为：是的，我想让女孩子们在年轻时就经历这件事。表示“在时候”用while。7There were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down.A. when B. untilC. that D. where答案与解析：A命题考查时间状语从句。做此题时应注意句子的时态对选项的影响。when与until都可以引导时间状语从句，但从everyone had sat down可知用until不合句意。句意为：当大家都坐下时，还有些椅子剩余。when引导时间状语从句；until也引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”；where引导地点状语从句；that引导结果状语从句，用于so. that.中。8(2007福建)How about_Christmas evening party?I should say it was_success.Aa; a Bthe; aCa; / Dthe; /答案与解析：B该题考查冠词用法。“圣诞晚会”Christmas evening party是特指的双方都知道的，所以其前应加定冠词the；而success前加不定冠词a，表示“成功的一件事”，故答案选B。点评：做冠词考查题时，需了解所限定的词是特指还是表类属，若特指用the，若表类属用a/an；抽象名词一般用零冠词，但具体到一个人或一件事时则其前常用不定冠词a或an。9Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you.OK, _ you make it short.A. now that B. if onlyC. so long as D. every time答案与解析：C考查条件状语从句。句意你有时间吗？我有事对你说。行，只要你长话短说。A项“既然”；B项“要是就好了”；C项“只要”；D项“每次”。Module 5Newspapers and Magazines.根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空foundreviewaboardachievecongratulatedelightbeliefeconomicalamateurevidence1He is not professional，just an_painter.答案：amateur2The great scientist was awarded by the government for his great_.答案：achievements3In the last few years，the_of our country has been steadily developing.答案：economy4He was always late for work，so this time the boss listened to his excuse with_.答案：disbelief5After saying goodbye to his parents，the boy went _ the plane.答案：aboard6There is still no_to suggest that he was the murderer.答案：evidence7The film got excellent_the first time it was seen.答案：reviews8I telephoned my good friend to give my_on his passing the driving test.答案：congratulations9They should be_to have you as one member of the football team.答案：delighted10The Peoples Republic of China was_on October 1,1949.答案：founded.单项填空1Did Linda see the traffic accident?No，no sooner_than it happened.A. had she goneB. she had goneC. has she gone D. she has gone答案与解析：Ano sooner.than为固定搭配，引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”，引导的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时。当把no sooner置于句首时，主句要倒装。2Not getting that job was a big letdown.Dont worry. Something better will _.Acome along Btake onCgo by Dfall behind答案与解析：A本题主要考查动词短语的意义辨析。选项A的意思是“出现，进展，一起来”；选项B的意思是“呈现，雇佣，接纳，承担”；选项C的意思是“经过”；选项D的意思是“落后”。根据对话的内容，前者表现出对没有得到工作的悲观情绪，后者表示对他的安慰，指更好的事情会出现，于是本题的正确答案为A。3The road was narrow and rough. The rainy weather _ our difficulty.A. picked up B. added toC. looked round D. saved答案与解析：Badd to意思是“增加”，根据句意判断选择B项。4Judging from what he said, we know he is_content with our work.A. very D. muchC. well D. rather答案与解析：Cbe content with“对满足”，用well一词来修饰content，表示“很，非常”。5Please accept my congratulations_your graduation.Ato BforCon Din答案与解析：C注意名词与介词的搭配：accept ones congratulations on sth. “接受某人对某事的祝贺”。6Parents are advised to take pressure_a child and give him some encouragement before an examination.A. off B. outC. from D. away答案与解析：A此题考查动词take构成的短语，take sth.off意思是“除掉，消除”。7The shopkeeper said he would_the radio set if we were not satisfied.A. place B. replaceCbuy Dsell答案与解析：B根据句意“店主说了如果我们对收音机不满意，他将调换一台”。place“放置”；buy“买”；sell“卖”，均不合题意。8_youve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. AfterC. Although D. As soon as答案与解析：A本题考查连词的用法。全句意为“既然得到了这次机会，你就应好好利用”。now that“既然”；after“在之后”；although“尽管”；as soon as“一就”。9Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to_situations.A. alike B. similarC. same D. likely答案与解析：Balike adj.相似的，同样的，作表语。same adj.同一的，相同的，与定冠词the 连用；likely adj.&adv.很可能的，可期待的；similar adj.相似的，类似的。10Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by a lion.Awhen BwhileCsince Donce答案与解析：A句意为：Jasmine正在野生公园里与她的家人度假，这时她被狮子咬到腿了。这是be doing.when.句型，when为并列连词，意为“就在这时，突然”。while 为“在过程中”；since为“自从以来”；once“一旦，曾经”。11You have won the football game.Congratulations!_.AIts nice of you to say soBWe are really luckyCNo one else could do itDOh，not really答案与解析：A对他人的祝愿要表达感谢。B、C都是汉语式英语，不符合交际习惯。对别人的祝愿可用以下答语：Thanks./Thank you./Its very nice of you to say so.12If a person is _on April Fools Day, he or she is called “April fool！”A. taken in B. called inC. believed in D. brought in答案与解析：A本题考查动词词组的辨析。take in“欺骗”；call in “叫来”；believe in“信任”；bring in“带入”。13_ I saw him, I _ interested in him.AThe first time; was feelingBA first time; feltCFirst time; feltDThe first time; felt答案与解析：D“the first time.”引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时”。14Its reported that a plane with five people _ crashed into the mountain several days ago.Aon board Bon the boardCin board Din the board答案与解析：A句意为：据报道，一架载有5人的飞机几天前坠入山中。on board相当于aboard。意为“在飞机(船)上”，为固定搭配。15Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great _ for the meeting.Aappointment BaccessCachievement Dapproach答案与解