2014届高考高三英语二轮专题复习阅读理解及答案.doc

2014届高考高三英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解AMost Americans would have a difficult time telling you，specifically，what are the values which Americans live by.They have never given the matter any thought.Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States.This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors.I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most(but not all)Americans，and that understanding these values can help you，the international visitor，understand Americans.It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans，they will then be able to understand 95% of American actionsactions which might otherwise appear“strange”，“confusing”，or“unbelievable”when evaluated from the perspective (aspect)of the foreigners own society and its values.The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs，assumptions and values of that particular group.When you encounter (meet)an action，or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you，try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.1An ordinary American cant tell you his/her value system because_.Athis is something an American lives byBeveryone will have his/her own value systemChe/she has never thought about itDvalues are something often in their thought2The author lists 13 values in his booklet to_.Ainvite foreigners to visit AmericaBlook at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitorsCdescribe the confusing actions of most AmericansDhelp international visitors understand Americans3The underlined word“ingrained”in Line 2，Paragraph 3 most probably means“_”Arooted in the minds Bfound in the grains Cplanted for food Dprepared with grain4Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange，confusing or unbelievable way，probably because_.AAmericans are hard to understandBAmericans have values which are entirely different from their ownCthey view Americans according to the values in their own societyDit is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them【解题导语】本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止感到很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。1. 答案 C 解析：考查细节理解。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。2. 答案 D 解析：考查推理判断。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。3. 答案 A 解析：考查词义猜测。结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。4. 答案 C 解析：考查推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。BThe average American will have three to five careers,10 to 12 jobs，and will hold each one for an average of 3.5 years throughout his or her lifetime，according to the US. Department of Labor. Does this sound familiar? Are you still struggling to find the ideal career?Finding_your_dream_job_may_be_as_simple_as_opening_that_bag_of_potato_chips_in_your_kitchen_cupboard. A study conducted by Alan Hirsch，neurological director of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation，Chicago，found that job satisfaction is correlated to your favorite snack. “A persons job selection reflects his essential essence and his personality，”he maintains. “Food choices like selections of clothing，movies，and spouses can provide insight in personality and character structure. Thus，the typical personality traits associated with snack preferences can be used to help predict occupational choices，because a persons job selection also reflects his essential essence and his personality.”People who choose potato chips to satisfy their snacking urges have high expectations not only for themselves，but for those around them. Competitive. They usually come out on top in business，sports，and social situations. (Lawyer，tennis player，police officer，CEO)Formal，always proper，conscientious，and principled. People who crave cheese curls have a welldeveloped sense of integrity and maintain the moral high ground with their family，coworkers，and romantic partners. They plan ahead for any possible catastrophe. With bandaids and batteries，the cheese curl lover s house is always stocked and ready. ( Real estate agent，psychiatrist(精神病医师)，producer)Selfassured and confident，those who prefer popcorn are best described as takecharge sort of people. They will not hesitate to assume extra work on the job or take on chores at social gatherings. Even though they are selfconfident，popcorn lovers are modest and humble，and would never be considered showoffs.Popcorn buffs are hidden successes.(Teacher，artist，truck driver，nurse，judge，neurosurgeon)1What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Snack preference may reflect ones personality and character structure.B. Snack preference may predict ones career choice.C. People in different careers may prefer different snacks.D. Food choices are just like ones selection of clothing，movies，and spouses.2The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_.A. a snack lover is more likely to find his dream jobB. it is becoming much easier to find your dream job than beforeC. job hunting nowadays is as easy as finding your favorite snackD. we can tell ones occupational choice by his favorite snack3A person who likes cheese curls is most likely to be a_.A. police officer B. judge C. producer D. truck driver4The favorite snack of a CEO is probably_.A. potato chips B. popcorn C. cheese curls D. nuts【解题导语】本文是一篇科普阅读。一项研究发现，一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。1. 答案 B 解析：主旨大意题。概括全文内容特别是文章第二段可知，本文主要介绍一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。A项是文章的细节，不是本文的中心和主旨。2. 答案 D 解析：推理判断题。应该把这句话跟下文联系起来理解，这句话还是说明根据一个人的零食偏好就能判断他未来会选择什么样的职业。3. 答案 C 解析：细节理解题。从第四段最后可知，喜欢奶酪卷的人适合的职业之一是制片人。4. 答案A 解析：细节理解题。从第三段可知，CEO喜欢的食物是potato chips。CDoomed beauties such as Cleopata and Manilyn Monroe were far from alone in their misery. Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying than those enjoyed by plain_Janes .According to the research by Dr John Blaine of the University of Southern California, relationships between people whose professions largely depend on their appearance, such as models or actors, tend to end much faster than those between lawyers, doctors and students.Blaine said the beautiful felt different from children. They are treated as special, which may create both arrogance (傲慢)and insecurity. All too often, beauty can be used as an alternative to education. Often they are pushed out of their class or town, told to go off and make their fortune in Hollywood or London and, when the majority fail, they have few talents to make a living.Blaine added that beautiful people score poorly on the “big five”the key factors American experts consider when helping distressed couples. These are neuroticism(神经过敏)，including anger and anxiety; extroversion(性格外向)；openness to new experiences; agreeableness; conscientiousness, and sticking by agreements they have made. Attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their looks start to fade.Krista Sutherlanf, of the University of California Los Angeles, said partnerships that appeared to be perfect from the outside, such as the former “dream teams” of Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise or Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley, where backgrounds and aspirations(抱负) are often shared ，did not necessarily lead to happiness.1What can we infer from the first sentence of the passage?ABeautiful women always felt lonely.BBeautiful women were always alone.CMany beautiful women didnt end up with a happy life.DBeautiful women always lived a happy life.2The underlined phrase “plain Janes” in the passage refers to“_”Aordinarylooking women Bwomen called JaneCcommon people Dattractive women3We can infer from the passage that_.AHugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley were a coupleBNicole Kidman and Tom Cruise were very satisfied with their lifeCwhen they fail in Hollywood, the beautiful have little trouble in making a livingDthe marriage of the beautiful often lasts long4Which of the following is the best title?AFive key factors affecting the partnership BBeauties are doomed to fail in loveCBeautiful or common? DThe beauties are different【解题导语】本文为议论文，作者论证了这样一个观点：美女并不幸福。1. 答案C 解析：考查推理判断。第一段说漂亮的人，其partnership 往往不如普通人的稳定和让人满意，由此判断，文章开头说“克莱奥帕特拉和玛丽莲梦露等美女的悲惨命运绝非个例”意在表明“很多美女的生活都不幸福”。2. 答案A 解析：考查词义猜测题。从语境看，画线部分的plain Janes 指与前面提到的美女相对的、相貌平常的女性，因此选A。3. 答案A 解析：考查推理判断。最后一段说，外界看上去很完美的关系，比如未必最终有幸福的结局。再结合上文论述可判断Hugh Grant和Elizabeth Hurley是夫妻关系，故选A，其他选项都与文章内容不符。4. 答案B 解析：考查主旨大意。文章主要论述了美女命运多舛的观点，并分析了其中的原因，故B项最适合为本文标题。DDo American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for 10 15 minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day which really for handwriting is pretty much.Many adults remember learning that way by copying letters over and over again. Today s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility,_ which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency writing without having to think about it. Fluency continues to develop up until high school.But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT college admission test. More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.出处：2010广东十校联考体裁：议论文 话题：在键盘普及的年代美国的书法教学情况。阅读策论：抓住论点，抓住观点，把握中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例以及它们与观点之间的内在联系，从而理解文章的结构。入选理由：文章难度适中，话题贴近社会，题目设计合理巧妙。1We can learn _ from Paragraph 1.A. teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching jobB. most teachers prefer to teach handwritingC. teachers spend little time in teaching handwritingD. a keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely2Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?A. The students are taught by practicing a long period.B. The letters are repeated many times.C. Handwriting includes two skills.D. To write in cursive is taught first.3The underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. easy to read B. complexC. unexpected D. unreadable4The best title for the passage is _.A. How to improve handwriting in schoolB. Right or wrong: the death of handwritingC. Handwriting involves two skillsD. Handwriting lessons are on the way out5The author s attitude towards whether still to learn handwriting in school is_.A. negative B. objectiveC. critical D. optimisticE.A few years ago，Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. “I think half of them fell off their chairs, ”Gerner says.Gerner manages school facilities (设施) for Clark County, Nevada，a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes (样品) ；they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County，which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. “One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation(朝向) ，” Mark McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. “You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.”Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco friendly buildings. “I dont believe in the new green religion，” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. Im interested in those that work. ”But he wouldnt mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You never know whats going to start the interest of a child to study math and science，”he says.出处：2009皖南八校第二次联考 体裁：记叙文 话题：创造性思维是我们每个人都应该有的，但是一切应该从实际出发，不切实际的想法也就如同空中楼阁。本文所涉及的主人公Gerner想创办一所绿色学校的想法遭到了很多人的质疑，他的设计要求连他自己也开始怀疑。阅读策略：抓住中心人物，按照线索弄清来龙去脉，理解整篇文章入选理由：文章采用话题独特，设计的题目值得学生推敲1How did the architects react to Gerners design requirements?A. They lost balance in excitement.B. They showed strong disbelief.C. They expressed little interest.D. They burst into cheers.2Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A. AssessmentPrototypeDesignConstruction.B. AssessmentDesignPrototypeConstruction.C. DesignAssessmentPrototypeConstruction.D. DesignPrototypeAssessmentConstruction.3What makes it difficult to build green schools in Clark County?A. The large size.B. Limited facilities.C. The desert climate.D. Poor natural resources.4What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools?A, They are questionable. B. They are out of date.C. They are advanced. D. They are practical.FA year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift $ 7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially，” says Dave.But the Fusses werent the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving. They thrived on (喜欢) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn t afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden, “They could see things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.”Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches wish that their legacy a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents should enrich the whole community (社区) and last for generations to come.Neighbors helping neighbors that was Ish and Arlene Hatch s story.出处：济南中学2012寒假练习 体裁：夹叙夹议 话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。他们把自己的财产留给需要的人，强调人人互助，世界就会更美好。阅读策略：细读作者叙述的事实，抓住作者的观点，理清文章的结构 入选理由：文章的话题出现频率高，永做不衰的话题 1According to the text, the Fusses _.A. were employed by a truck companyB. were in financial difficultyC. worked in a school cafeteriaD. lost their home2Which of the following is true of the Hatches?A. They had their children during the Great Depression.B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.3Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?A. They decided to open a store.B. They wanted to save money.C. They couldn t afford expensive things.D. They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.4According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches were_.A. understandingB. optimisticC. childlike D. curious5What can we learn from the text?A. The community of Alto was poor.B. The summer camp was attractive to the parents.C. Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.D. The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example. 1.解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“90% of teachers say t