“情态动词”复习思路及练习.doc

“情态动词”复习思路及练习一、复习思路：下述八个方面基本涵盖了“情态动词”的全部考点，请思考。 can的基本用法(表能力、表允许)；could与was / were able to的区别； may的基本用法（表允许、表祝愿）； must的基本用法, must与have to的比较； shall作情态动词的句型与搭配人称的特点； will的特点（表习惯；表意愿，决心；请求，建议；条件从句中的will）； dare与need； 情态动词的推测或判断用法（重点在句型与程度）； 情态动词+have done。二、情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式与答语can能力（本能，体能，智能，技能）；允许或许可（口语中常用）；可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）。can not /cannot / cant doCan / Could? Of course /Sure /Certainly /Yes, of course. / No, of course not/ you cant. /Sorry, Im afraid I cant.(礼貌)Coulddo? Yes, can. No, cant. (不能用could，属于常见考点)couldcould not /couldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）；可能，或许（表推测）；祝愿(May you both be very happy!)may not do May ? Yes, you may.No, you mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMight I do? （很少用）must必须，应该（表主观要求）；肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）。must not/mustnt do (表禁止)Must? Yes, must.No, neednt/dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观上必须，有时态和人称变化）。dont have to doDohave to do?Yes, do. No, dont.ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）。ought not to /oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes, ought. No, oughtnt.shall问句中用于一/三人称征求对方意见；陈述句中用于二/三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。shall not /shant doShalldo?Yes, shall.No, shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）；本该（含有责备意味）。should not /shouldnt doShoulddo?will习惯；意愿，决心；请求，建议。用在问句中would比较委婉。will not / wont Willdo?Yes, will. No, wont.wouldwould not /wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not /darent doDaredo?Yes, dare. No, darent.need需要（常用于否定句和疑问句中）。need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes, must. No, neednt.used to过去常常（现在已不再）；说明“动作或状态”；would只说明“动作”。used not /usednt /usent to do；didnt use to doUsedto do?Yes, used. No, use(d)nt.Diduse to do?Yes, did. No, didnt.三、情态动词难点：1. 表推测 can和could表“可能”。can主要用于疑问句和否定句中表推测判断；can在肯定句中表推测时，指理论上或客观上的可能性，并不涉及是否真的发生，即并非说话者主观认为的可能性或说话者的主观猜测。表推测时，can和could不是时态变化，只是could不及can语气强。It cant be my father. He is now abroad. Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.Susan can / could be still waiting for you now. (说话者的主观猜测)According to the radio, it could rain this afternoon. (猜测未来)Jeff is a very clever boy, but he can be very dull sometimes. (偶尔有的可能)It can be very hot here in summer. (偶尔有的可能)You can borrow this useful book from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。(客观可能)Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。(客观可能)Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生事故。(理论可能)We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生） 程度（从小到大）： 在肯定陈述句中 might may could should ought to must 2. can和be able to都表示能力，be able to有更多的时态。但在过去时态中，could 仅指具备某种能力，而实施的结果不明确；was/were able to不仅说明有某种能力，而且还成功地做到了。另外，两者不能重叠使用。The fire was very big but everyone was able to escape from the building.I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I was able to make her believe me.我谈了很久，最终还是使她相信了我的话。Most of the big hotels were full at this time of the year, but finally we _ find a room in one of those small guesthouses near the station. (北京西城区2008抽样测试，33)A.ought toB. couldC. were able toD. might (C)3. used to和wouldused to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。Would后面只跟“动态性”动词；而used to后面既跟“动态性”动词，又可跟 “状态性”动词。He used to make a lot of trouble. （现在不了）Tom would watch TV the whole evening. （不知现在的情况）He would come to my home for help when he had any trouble. (= He used to come )He used to me a worker. He would be a worker.4. need和dare 二者均可作情态动词和实义动词。区别如下：两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：neednt/darent do；Need/Daredo?作实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need (needs /needed) /dare (dares /dared) to do, dont (doesnt /didnt) need /dare to doe.g. Dare you go home alone at night?He asked me if I dared speak English in public.-Need she leave4 now? -Yes, she must. (No, she neednt.)注意：dare作实义动词，其后通常跟带to的动词不定式（在否定句和疑问句中，接带to或不带to的不定式皆可，即not dare (to) do something；但在肯定句中必须接带to的不定式）。当need用作实义动词时，后跟带to 的动词不定式，在疑问句、否定句中与助动词do 连用。No one dares to swim in the river after the boy is drowned.He didnt dare (to) ask his father for some money.He needs to go. 他想走。Does he need to go so soon? 他这么快就要走吗?He doesnt need to go. 他不需要走。5.情态动词+ have + doneshould / ought to have done 本该做而未做；shouldnt have done 本不该做而做了；neednt have done 本不必做而做了，而did not need / have to do过去不需做且实际未做；could have done 本可能做而实际未做/ 可能已经做了某事；couldnt have done 不可能做过；cant have done不可能做过某事；Can sb have done可能做过某事（用于疑问句）；may / might (not) have done也许(没)做过某事 Can he have gone to Wuhan?He cant have finished so soon.We could have walked to the station; it was so near.I saw Mr. Smith just now. he couldnt have gone there.Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.You should have been here five minutes ago.He ought not to have treated his parents like that.You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was so near.I did not need to hand in my paper to my teacher the next day. He was absent himself.【练习】1. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might2. -Could I have a word with you, mum? -Oh dear, if you _. (2006 浙江19) A. can B. must C. mayD. should3. In crowded places like_airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage.A. can B. may C. must D. will (2007, 北京26) 4. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.A. might B. should C. could D. would. (2008, 北京21) 5. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf,_?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you (2007, 北京34) 6. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it?A. can B. mustC. should D. would (2007, 福建25) 7. The biggest problem for most plants, which_ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt (2007, 湖南24) 8. The teacher_ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose.A. should B. can C. would D. must (2007, 安徽23) 9. She looks very happy. She_ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A.should B. could C. must D. might (2007, 江苏22) 10. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It_ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must (2007, 全国I, 27) 11. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there.A. could B. must C. might D. should (2007, 陕西14)12. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You_ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. must B. should C. must have D. should have (2007, 上海29) 13. What does the sign over there read？“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”A. will B. may C. shall D. must (2007, 四川24)14. My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt (2007, 浙江15) 15. What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant (2007, 重庆29) 16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. would (2008, 福建24) 17. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.A. must B. need C. can D. would (2008, 湖南28) 18. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.A. need have doneB. must have done C. can have doneD. might have done (2008, 江西26) 19. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would be residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted (2008, 江西31) 20. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may (2008, 全国2, 17) 21. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? -Well, it _ be big-thats not important.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont (2008, 陕西9)22. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt (2008, 天津6) .23 -I cant find my purse anywhere. -You _ have lost it while shopping.A. may B. can C. should D. would (2008, 重庆30) 24. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should (2008, 四川10) 25. Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may (2002, 25) 26. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (2001, 33)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight (2000, 15) 28. Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, I am not sure. But it _ be.Amight Bwill Cmust Dcan (2004, 湖北26) 29. Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A. must B. may C. can D. need (2004, 上海28) 30. Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont (1999, 15) 31. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. canB. must D. will (2003, 28) 32. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. - Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then.A. could B. should C. might D. must (2004, 全国4, 22) 33. - Isnt that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must notC. wont D. may not (2004, 全国1, 29) 34. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. should B. might C. wouldD. could (2004, 浙江26) 35. “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall (2004, 重庆24) 36. Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not (2005，全国1，26) 37Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here.Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dwouldnt (2005, 湖北32) 38If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.Awould Bcould Chad to Dought to (2005, 湖北33) 39Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. (2005, 福建31)Aneednt do Bneednt have done Cmustnt do Dshouldnt have done 40. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant (2005, 北京26) 41. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can (2005, 安徽26) 42This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.Ashould put Bcould have put Cmight put Dmust have put (2005, 辽宁26) 43. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one.A.