2019年全国高考英语语法填空专项复习.ppt

2019年全国高考英语语法填空专题复习 考纲解读 一篇200字左右的短文或对话 话题贴近学生生活 能力考查 理解语篇 句子结构 运用语法 单词短语 空格类型 有提示词 无提示词 2014 2016全国卷语法填空知识点分布 根据上表 我们知道 语法填空的考点或考查内容是 1 纯空格题 通常考 等四类词 一个空格只能填个单词 2 有提示词题型 通常考 等 一个空格可以填 个单词 冠词 介词 连词和代词 一 动词 形容词和副词的比较等级 词性转换 一到两 名词 3 theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway 4 Istillremembertaking visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypub 酒店 forlunch 考点一 冠词 名词之前 Thereoncewereagoat 山羊 andadonkey 驴 Sothefarmerkilled goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart 2 WhenIseeachildsubjectto 受到 thiskindofpressure IthinkofDonnie Hewas shy nervousperfectionist 完美主义者 the a 考查语法点 定冠词 不定冠词的用法 考点分析 a a 无提示词 1 TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers 2 Nowyearslater thisriverisoneof mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup 3 Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle fed otheriswithmum 4 Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor while 5 Jane sgrandmotherhadwantedtowriteachildren sbookformanyyears butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin way 高考真题 the the a a the 6 Thisincludeddigginguptheroad layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover top 7 As result peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing 8 Instead sheisearning 6500adayas modelinNewYork 9 Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover past25years 10 I mface to facewiththegorilla whobeginsscreamingat topofherlungs 高考真题 the the a a the 下列情况很可能填 1 可数n 单数 2 形容词 可数n 单数 下列情况下很可能填 1 形容词 n of等介词短语 表示特指 2 形容词 n 定语从句 表示特指 3 形容词 n 不定式短语或分词短语 表示特指 考点分析 不定冠词 定冠词 考点二 介词 1 介词 宾语 名词 2 不及物动词 介词 宾语 1 Inshort Ibelievethatitis greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish 2 WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents Ilookedback thegirl whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic largestsmileIhadeverseen 3 Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes sale 4 Hewasverytired doingthisforawholeday of at 考查语法点 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 考点分析 on from 无提示词 注意固定搭配 betiredfrom因 厌倦 1 Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback mydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s 2 Mostofusaremorefocused ourtasksinthemorning 3 InIndia forexample mostpeopletraditionallyeat theirhands 4 ForthosewhoflytoGuilin it sonlyanhouraway car 5 Igotaplacenext thewindow soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk 6 Sheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimetogetadegree engineeringorarchitecture to on with by 高考真题 to in 6 thesametime theywarmupagainforthenight7 Astheytravelledtoand work Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod 8 Thistrend whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity 医学界 amethodoffightingheartdisease 9 Thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife walking cyclingorswimming 10 Cornuseslesswater riceandcreateslessfertilizer 化肥 runoff 11 Iwassearching thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI dobserving from At 高考真题 as than than for 当空格后的名词 一般前有限定词 代词或动名词在句中不是作主语 表语 也不是作动词的宾语时 那就是作介词的宾语 即填介词 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语 既然不作主语和动词的宾语 那就是作介词的宾语了 所以要填介词 具体填什么介词 可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定 也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定 考点三 代词 1 作主语用主格 作宾语用宾格 注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别 2 指示代词 不定代词 反身代词等 考查语法点 代词的基本用法 考点分析 1 Sherememberedhowdifficult wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather 2 Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused 3 Ithasbeensaidbefore butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade wanttosayitagain asmile it her me 无提示词 1 Onmyrecentvisit Iheldalivelythree month oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby it mother 2 I dbeenathomeinHongKong with it chokingsmog 3 Awomanonthebusshouted Oh dear It s I Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully 4 However therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths morethan25 000peoplewereusing everyday 5 Ifyouaretimepoor youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports soperhapsweshouldallgive atry 6 its its me WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother Iwasjustgladtofind they alive it it them 无提示词 代词在句子中作主语或宾语时 通常填代词 包括1 人称代词 I me you he him等 2 指示代词 it this等 3 不定代词 something anything等 4 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers等 5 疑问代词 which who等 6 反身代词 不能作主语 myself yourself等 在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词 my your his her等 考点分析 考点四 连词或从句引导词 两个主谓结构连接 Historically itwasfamousforindustry whichexplains theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry 2 Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor 3 Janepausedinfrontofacounter 柜台 someattractivetieswereondisplay 4 Oneday hecameupwithanidea hewouldpluckup 拔起 allofhiscropafewinches why when 考查语法点 各类复合句中连词 引导词的用法 考点分析 where that 无提示词 连词和引导词高考真题 1 2016全国I ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter 2 2016全国 Overtime thepopulationgrew peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly 3 2016全国 SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius livedfromroughly551to479B C 4 2015全国I I dskippednearbyGuilin adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver arepicturedbyartists 5 2015全国II Asnaturalarchitects thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays when when as who which that how 6 2014全国I Maybeyouhaveahabit isdrivingyourfamilycrazy 7 2016江苏 Manyyoungpeople mostof werewell educated headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams 8 2016江苏 Itisoftenthecase anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope isoftenthecase anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope 9 2017全国I Itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth isnotgoodforthehealth which that that whom As which 10 2017全国 Sarah hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrains 11 Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease 12 Between2005 whenthegovernmentstartedasoil testingprogram givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers 13 I mnotsure ismorefrightened meorthefemalegorilla 大猩猩 thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere 14 Manywesterners cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries who which which which who 15 Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop someofthemlookedveryanxious 16 Butriverwasn tchangedinafewdays evenafewmonths 17 InmuchofAsia especiallytheso called ricebowl culturesofChina Japan Korea Vietnam foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks and or and 解题技巧 考点分析 并列句和复合句 并列句 简单句 并列连词 简单句 复合句 主句 主 谓 宾 从句 连接词 主 谓 两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号 就必须要用连词 否则 句子的结构就不完整 考点五 谓语动词 有提示词与主语构成主谓结构 1 IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI tell bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood 2 Hisfearoffailure keep himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon 3 Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften result inthecontrarytoourintention wastold kept 考查语法点 谓语动词的时态及语态 及主谓一致 考点分析 results 1 Itwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot for profitPandaBase I allow togetupclosetothesecuteanimals 2 Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow be oftenacceptable 3 Whateveritis make sureit sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout 4 Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand be tooviolentforuseatthetable 5 Trulyelegantchopsticksmight make ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters 高考真题 wasallowed is make were bemade 6 ItwasraininglightlywhenI arrive inYangshuojustbeforedawn 7 ForthosewhoflytoGuilin it sonlyanhourawaybycar Yangshuo be reallybeautiful 8 Thiscycle go dayafterday Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenight 9 In1969 thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland Ohio It be unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup 10 Aboyonabike catch myattention Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms 高考真题 arrived is goes was caught 高考真题 wereused 11 Whenallthosehadbeendone theroadsurfacewasreplaced Steamengines use topullthecarriages12 Later engineers manage toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels 13 Whenfatandsalt remove fromfood thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething 14 Fastfood be fulloffatandsalt 15 Sarah tell thatshecouldbeBritain snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear 16 MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow Butatthemoment school come first managed areremoved is wastold comes 高考真题 17 Whilerunningregularlycan tmakeyouliveforever thereviewsaysit be moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife 18 Since2011 thecountry grow morecornthanrice 19 TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005 whenthegovernment start asoil testingprogram 20 Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive Truetoagorilla sunaggressivenature thehugeanimal mean menorealharm 21 I shock whenIlearntshehadn tcookedonceinallthattime is hasgrown started meant wasshocked 当句中缺少谓语动词时 括号中的动词就是谓语动词 此时要考虑 等四个方面 确定时态的3条依据 1 依据上下文时态一致 看上下文谓语动词是什么时态 过去 现在 将来 空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致 这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据 但需注意 客观事实或真理可能时态不一致 直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致 2 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致 3 依据时间状语 如recently sofar uptonow uptothepresent inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用 bytheendof since1980 forthreeyears常与完成时连用 提示 尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态 一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态考查的多一些 时态 语态 语气 主谓一致 考点六 非谓语动词 有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式 1 Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson receive thegift 2 IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft complete therest 3 Mypupils Donnie 40 include adoredher 4 Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows 眉毛 raise receiving tocomplete included 考查语法点 非谓语动词及变形的使用 考点分析 raised 1 2018全国I Youdon thavetorunfastorforlong see thebenefit 2 2018全国I Youmaydrink smoke beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof die earlybyrunning 3 2018全国I Toavoidkneepain youcanrunonsoftsurfaces doexercisesto strength yourlegmuscles 4 2018全国II Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice improve waterquality 5 2018全国II China sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile feed itscitizens offersusefullessonsforagriculture tosee dying toimprove strengthen feeding 6 2018全国 Iquicklylowermyself duckingmyheadtoavoid look directlyintohiseyessohedoesn tfeel challenge 7 2018全国 Oncehismessagewasdelivered heallowedme stay andwatch 8 2018浙江 Istillremember visit afriendwho dlivedhereforfiveyears challenged looking tostay visiting 9 2017全国II Thisincludeddigginguptheroad lay thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof 10 2017全国I Theyarerequired process thefoodthatweeat torecoverfrominjury 11 2017全国I By eat morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet 12 2017全国 Butunlikeschoolfriends 16 year oldSarahisnotspendinghalf term rest 13 2017全国 Sarahwants prove thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty laying toprocess resting eating toprove 非谓语高考真题单句填空 14 2016全国I IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter permit tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild 15 2016全国I Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude introduce Britishvisitorstothe120 pluspandasatChengdu 16 2016全国II Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely bring yourworkhome 17 2016全国 Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal create specialdesigns 18 2016全国 Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots use twigs 树枝 toremoveit permitted introducing tobring tocreate using 19 2015全国I Astudyoftravelers conduct bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld 20 2015全国I Abercrombie Kent atravelcompanyinHongKong saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople live inShanghaiandHongKong 21 2015全国II Theadobedwellings 土坯房 build bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers 22 2015全国II Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto aircondition ahousewithout use electricequipment conducted living built using 当句中已有谓语动词 横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时 所给动词就是非谓语动词 此时 就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式 doing done todo 考点七 词性转换 有提示词介词 冠词 所有格后接名词 形容词修饰名词 副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子 1 Thirty fivecents shesaid 36 rude 2 AsfarasIamconcerned my 37 suggest isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese Englishwithineasyreach 3 Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir nature course 4 doubt althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation rudely suggestion 考查语法点 各类词性的正确使用及转化 考点分析 natural Undoubtedly 1 Thetitlewillbe official giventomeataceremonyinLondon 2 Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks regular 3 Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich gradual turnedintochopsticks 4 Abercrombie Kent atravelcompanyinHongKong saysit regular arrangesquickgetaways 5 As nature architects thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays 6 Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat slow duringcoolnights officially regularly gradually regularly natural slowly 7 TheriverwassopollutedthatI actual caughtfireandburned 8 Whilethereare amaze storiesofinstanttransformation formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork likecleaningupapollutedriver Justbe patience 9 Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand disappoint 10 Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone andthecrowdofstrangers sudden becamefriendlytooneanother 11 Itmusthavebeen fair unpleasantforthepasssengers withallthesmokeandnoise actually amazing patient disappointed suddenly fairly 12 ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost success ofthesenewlines andwasopenedin1900 13 However be care nottogotoextremes14 Itis certain funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal 15 Runningischeap easyandit salways energy 16 Atasteformeatis actual behindthechange 17 Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal globe fertilizerconsumption successful careful certainly energetic actually global 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时 就需要词类转换 这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决 1 作主语或宾语用 形式 2 在形容词性物主代词 冠词 形容词 不定代词 some any alotof等 介词后还没有名词时 就用 形式 3 作定语 表语或补足语用 形式 4 作状语 修饰动词 形容词或另一副词 或放在句首修饰全句 用 5 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时 无需改变词性 而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀 也可能用其比较级或最高级 名词 名词 形容词 副词 在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的 也不用汉语注明 因此 掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要 从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看 词类转换仅考查了以下3点 1 形容词 副词 2 形容词 名词 3 名词 形容词 考点八 形容词副词的级 有提示词通常 有表示范围的in of介词短语或形容词前有the时 一般要用最高级 than的前面一定要用比较级 Oneofthe 33 bad giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher 2 Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords Whenitwastimetoleave Isaid thankyou inKorean usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned Ifelt lonely thanIhadexpectedthatnight 3 LucilleCliftonisanaward winningpoetandwriter Criticscallheroneofthe great writersofourtime 双语报 worst 考点分析 lesslonely greatest 1 Finally thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris clean thanever 2 Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseof great andlessimportance 3 Even bad theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup 4 Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal runnerslivethreeyears long thannon runners 5 Hescreamsthe loud ofall 6 Therecouldbeaneven high costonyourhealth cleaner greater longer worse loudest higher 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词 且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时 要根据语境 理解句意 若该词意思不变 逻辑上讲得通 就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级 注意 要善于分析语境 辨别省略了than 的隐性比较级 若需要用与该词意义相反的意思 逻辑才通顺的 就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀 如 1 2015卷I 65 seekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese painting 2 2014卷I 49 Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation formostofusthe change aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork likecleaningupapollutedriver 考点九 名词 做主语或宾语 paintings 考查语法点 名词的单复数转化 考点分析 changes 1 Whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir able to aircondition ahou