2016高考英语语法填空微技能专项学案.docVIP

高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习第一课时学案 2015-11-18语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查学生对语法和词汇的运用能力，语法填空分两种形式：纯空格填空题和提示性填空题。这里先讲第一种情况：纯空格填空题。做此类题时，首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词，具体分析方法有：一、限定词若名词前是空格，且没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。例1：【2015课标II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.例2：【2015广东】He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.例3：【2010广东】After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water. 二、代词如果句子中缺少主语或宾语，一定是填写代词。代词可以代替人和事物的名称。如果上文出现过某人或某事物，下文中再次提起时，可以不重复，用代词代替人和事物的名称。例1：【2014广东】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.例2：【2010广东】He asked his teacher,“Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”三、介词如果名词或代词前是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语、或动词的宾语，很可能是填介词。例1：【2015课标I】For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.例2：【2015课标II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.四、并列连词若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，并且是并列的关系，可能填写并列连词。例1：【2014课标II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.例2：【2014课标I】But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.五、状语从句的连词如果两个句子出现（一套主谓关系算一个句子），其中一个句子前有空格，就要考虑两个句子之间的关系。如果两个句子之间没有分号，也没有句号，很可能前面带空格的句子就是一个从句。根据句意判断其是什么样的从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。例1：【2012广东】_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.例2：【2011广东】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.六、名词性从句的连词名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，名词性从句无论作什么成分，其前必须有连接词，连接词that有时候可以省略。例1：【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.例2：【2014广东】I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.七、定语从句的关系词定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。因此当所填空前有一个名词时，且空指代的是名词，那么名词后的从句前应该填写关系词。例：【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.八、疑问代词、疑问副词等判断句子是否用特殊疑问词时，根据语境来确定，并考虑用什么样的疑问词。例：【2013广东】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”九、it的用法It可以作形式主语、形式宾语；虚义it。例：【2009广东】She remembered how difficultwas to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.十、强调结构、倒装句的功能词等注意考查强调结构中的that、who的一些固定结构，倒装结构的功能词等。若句子结构完整，空格后的动词是原形，很可能是填写情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词。例：【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。书面表达 高考英语书面面表达半开放提问求助信Lora是一名高中生，她想在暑假期间做兼职， 但是她的父母不同意，给编辑写了封信，内容如下 Dear Anna：Im a senior high school student and I want to work part-time this summer. I think it is good to do so. But my parents dont agree with me. They think I should concentrate my energy on independent study. They also worry about my personal safety. I just cant understand them. I need your advice. Lora请你以报社编辑的身份给Lora写一封回信，提出建议，让她说服她的父母并实现自己的愿望。 以下是回信的主要内容，根据所给提示，翻译下列勺子。 1.挣些钱供养自己，培养独立意识。（a sense of independence） 2.你能获得工作技能，提高能力，应付各种挑战。 3.兼职工作可给你提供与他人合作的机会。 4.告诉父母你能设法处理好一切事情。（properly） 1. Make some money to support yourself and develop a sense of independence. 2. You can learn working skills, improve your ability and deal with various challenges. 3. Part-time jobs provide you with a chance to cooperate with others. 4. Tell your parents that you can manage everything properly. 高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习第二课时学案 2015-11-18真题分析：信息提示题真题分析在做语法填空题时，除了知道纯空格填空的解题技巧外，也必须知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空题。以下是如何做此类题的具体方法：一、名词名词用单数还是复数，应该看一下名词前面的修饰语，或动词的单复数形式。例1：【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).例2：【2014课标I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级遇到空中有形容词或副词时，要根据语境确定该词是否有比较的含义，尤其看看其后面有没有标志词than。例：【2015课标I】Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever. 三、词性转换词性转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词。可以根据该词在句子中的所作的成分，确定该词的转换形式。例1：【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.例2：【2015课标II】As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.例3：【2015课标II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 例4.【2014课标I】Just be _ (patience). 四、动词的单复数当空格的提示词给的是动词原形时，除了考虑它的时态和语态外，还要考虑它的单复数形式，在这种情况下，主要看主语。例1：【2015课标II】This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.例2：【2015课标I】Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful.五、时态和语态如果空中所给的信息词是动词，空前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句，那么这个空缺少谓语，所以要根据上下文判断动词的时态和语态。例：【2015课标I】It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.六、非谓语动词如果句中（一套主谓结构）已有谓语动词，所给动词不是该谓语的并列谓语，那么该动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例1：【2015课标II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.例2：【2015课标I】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.例3：【2015课标I】A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.例4：【2010广东】He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.总之，做有提示词填空的题，要注意动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词的填写。因此建议教师在平时讲课的过程中加强学生对时态、语态、非谓语动词的掌握，让学生多记忆词汇，这样就能轻松做好语法填空信息提示题。一、考查介词后的动词用-ing分词根据英语语法，介词后接动词作宾语时，用作宾语的动词原则上要用动名词。【典例】One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_(be) late for school.（2014年新课标II卷）【练习】 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. She rested for two weeks after_ (be) in the hospital.2. Im against_ (do) anything till the police arrive.3. The only way to tell if you like something is by_ (try) it4. The skill of _ (speak) a foreign language takes time to acquire.5. He stood in the door for several minutes before_ (decide) whether hed stay.二、考查习惯上后接-ing分词做宾语的动词有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时作宾语的动词习惯上要用动名词，不能用不定式，比较典型的有admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish ,forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice , suggest等。【典例】【 Still, the boy kept _ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.（2014年新课标II卷）【练习】【阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. The teacher keeps _ (tell) his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.2 They shouldnt allow_ (park) here; the street is too narrow.3 Her illness just an excuse to avoid _ (see) him.4 It is one thing to enjoy _ (listen) to good music, but it is quite another to play it well yourself.5 I hate to ask you this, but would you mind_(give) me a lift home?三、考查具有形容词性质的-ed分词和-ing分词的区别有些动词的-ed分词和-ing分词具有形容词的性质，但由于它们用法区别很大且同学们在使用时常常用混所它也是语法填空的考查点之一。【典例】While there are_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient（2014年新课标卷）【练习】1. This is a very_ (interest)book. Ill buy it, however much it may cost.2. I dont think this film is by far the most_ (bore). I have seen worse.3. I dont really like the author, but I have to admit his books are very_ (excite).4. The_ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.5. With on one to turn to in such a_ (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.四、考查-ing分词派生词的用法由动词派出来的-ing分词有时可以名词化，变成名词这也是高考英语语法填空的考点之一。【典例】One of my fathers favorite_(say) as I was growing up was “Try it”（2014年大纲样卷）【练习】阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. Well reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the_ (begin) of the year.2. If you want to find the_ (mean) of the word, look it up in a dictionary.3. Jenny nearly missed the flight as result of doing too much_ (shop).4. When you finish reading this book, you will have a better_ (undertand) of life.5. A number of high_ (build) have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.五、考查-ing分词派生词副词的用法具有形容词性质的-ing分词，原则上不能修饰形容词、副词或动词，遇此情况应考虑将具有形容词性质的-ing分词变成副词即在其后加上副词后缀-ly。【典例】When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out. She was _ (surprise) helpful.（2014年广东卷）【练习】阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. With online shopping _ (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.2. One of his charms was his ability to talk_ (amuse) on any topic.3. The World Wide Web is sometimes_ (joke) called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.4 Johns aunt died suddenly and left him a_ (surprise) large sum.5 The report argues _ (convince) that economic help should be given to these countries.参考答案高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习 2015-11-18语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查学生对语法和词汇的运用能力，语法填空分两种形式：纯空格填空题和提示性填空题。这里先讲第一种情况：纯空格填空题。做此类题时，首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词，具体分析方法有：一、限定词若名词前是空格，且没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。例1：【2015课标II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.答案与分析：the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。例2：【2015广东】He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案与分析：a。名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。例3：【2010广东】After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.答案与分析：another。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词another。二、代词如果句子中缺少主语或宾语，一定是填写代词。代词可以代替人和事物的名称。如果上文出现过某人或某事物，下文中再次提起时，可以不重复，用代词代替人和事物的名称。例1：【2014广东】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.答案与分析：it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里it代替前文提到过的Miami。例2：【2010广东】He asked his teacher,“Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”答案与分析：it。这个句子缺宾语，用it代替前文提到过的物water。三、介词如果名词或代词前是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语、或动词的宾语，很可能是填介词。例1：【2015课标I】For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.答案与分析：by。这里的car不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，可以看出其前面应该填写介词，这里的介词短语作状语。例2：【2015课标II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.答案与分析：at。at the same time是固定搭配。四、并列连词若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，并且是并列的关系，可能填写并列连词。例1：【2014课标II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.答案与分析：and。“There were many people waiting at the bus stop”是个完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。例2：【2014课标I】But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.答案与分析：or。a few days和a few months是两个并列的短语。五、状语从句的连词如果两个句子出现（一套主谓关系算一个句子），其中一个句子前有空格，就要考虑两个句子之间的关系。如果两个句子之间没有分号，也没有句号，很可能前面带空格的句子就是一个从句。根据句意判断其是什么样的从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。例1：【2012广东】_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he waswrong.答案与分析：Although/Though。这里有两个句子，“_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。例2：【2011广东】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.答案与分析：until/till。这里有两个句子“My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me”和“_ the bus arrived.”第二个句子前有空，根据句意可知，第二个句子是时间状语从句。六、名词性从句的连词名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，名词性从句无论作什么成分，其前必须有连接词，连接词that有时候可以省略。例1：【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案与分析：how。因为“.the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“.the adobe walls needed to be.”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词how。例2：【2014广东】I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.答案与分析：why。“I didnt understand”和“this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词why。七、定语从句的关系词定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。因此当所填空前有一个名词时，且空指代的是名词，那么名词后的从句前应该填写关系词。例：【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案与分析：that/which。这里有两套主谓关系，“Id skipped nearby Guilin.”和“are pictured.”，两句之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词或关系词；根据句子结构，第二个句子少主语，先行词是Guilin，根据定语从句中关系词的使用规则，这里填写that/which。八、疑问代词、疑问副词等判断句子是否用特殊疑问词时，根据语境来确定，并考虑用什么样的疑问词。例：【2013广东】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”答案与分析：why。上文谈到父亲让儿子去买盐，告诉儿子付钱的时候不可以多付。也不可以少付。儿子不解地问：“如果我能少付钱的话，为什么我不省点钱呢？”九、it的用法It可以作形式主语、形式宾语；虚义it。例：【2009广东】She remembered how difficultwas to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.答案与分析：it。这里it在宾语从句中作形式主语，从句中真正的主语是动词不定式“to choose.”。十、强调结构、倒装句的功能词等注意考查强调结构中的that、who的一些固定结构，倒装结构的功能词等。若句子结构完整，空格后的动词是原形，很可能是填写情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词。例：【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”答案与分析：Did。根据本句中last stop可知，句子的时态应该是过去时态，因此一般疑问句的助动词是did。总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。真题分析：信息提示题真题分析在做语法填空题时，除了知道纯空格填空的解题技巧外，也必须知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空题。以下是如何做此类题的具体方法：一、名词名词用单数还是复数，应该看一下名词前面的修饰语，或动词的单复数形式。例1：【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).答案与分析：paintings。该词前面有限定词many，因此用复数形式。例2：【2014课标I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.答案与分析：changes。该词后面的动词是复数形式，因此change用复数形式。二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级遇到空中有形容词或副词时，要根据语境确定该词是否有比较的含义，尤其看看其后面有没有标志词than。例：【2015课标I】Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.答案与分析：cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，这里应该使用比较级。三、词性转换词性转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词。可以根据该词在句子中的所作的成分，确定该词的转换形式。例1：【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.答案与分析：ability。their后接名词。例2：【2015课标II】As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案与分析：natural。名词前用形容词修饰。例3：【2015课标II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.答案与分析：slowly。这里需要副词修饰动词短语give out。例4.【2014课标I】Just be _ (patience).答案与分析：patient。这里应该是形容词作表语。四、动词的单复数当空格的提示词给的是动词原形时，除了考虑它的时态和语态外，还要考虑它的单复数形式，在这种情况下，主要看主语。例1：【2015课标II】This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.答案与分析：goes。根据句中的时间状语day after day和后面的句子中使用的时态，可以确定该动词用一般现在时态形式，主语是单数，因此动词用数三人称单数形式。例2：【2015课标I】Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful.答案与分析：is。主语是单三人称，因此用is。五、时态和语态如果空中所给的信息词是动词，空前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句，那么这个空缺少谓语，所以要根据上下文判断动词的时态和语态。例：【2015课标I】It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.答案与分析：arrived。所给动词arrive前是代词I，这里应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态。六、非谓语动词如果句中（一套主谓结构）已有谓语动词，所给动词不是该谓语的并列谓语，那么该动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例1：【2015课标II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.答案与分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day”中的谓语动词have given up和are并列，所给动词前面没有其他连词，cool表示结果，因此用to cool。例2：【2015课标I】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案与分析：living。live与前面的people不能形成主谓关系，又因为live与people的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people。例3：【2015课标I】A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.答案与分析：conducted。因为这个句子里有谓语动词names，所给动词不是names的并列谓语，它与前面名词的关系是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。例4：【2010广东】He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.答案与分析：saying。在这里say前没有并列连词，因此可以推断不是并列谓语，是非