无锡市2014年高考英语专题复习专题八名词性从句学生版.doc

【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I dont know what he means.（宾语从句）Im glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what, which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who, whom, whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when, where, how, why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.2.that引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略：He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether。如：The question is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.5.注意how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。How long will he stay here ?他将在这里待多久？How soon can you be ready ?你多久能准备好？How often do you visit her?你多长时间去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少钱？6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用whether/if引导；表示有把握时用that引导。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match.I dont doubt that he can win the match.7.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。如： What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact.8.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（right）That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong）（3）It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong）（4）It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong）一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用it 作形式主语的结构1)It is 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从句It is natural that.很自然It is strange that.奇怪的是3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎It happened that.碰巧4)it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is said ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他是不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。二、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether (if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她打算下个月结婚。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：我非常羡慕他们赢得了比赛的胜利。 I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。如：作为一个诚实的人，他给经理留下了很深的印象。He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）三、表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that. 和It is because 等结构。如：The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内作好充分的准备。This is why we cant get the support of the people.这就是我们为什么得不到人民支持的原因。四、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）【考点诠释】考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether引导特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。2连接代词引导3连接副词引导考点2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether，if引导特别提示whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。 (2)作介词的宾语从句时。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。 (3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。特别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。 (2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。 (3)介词后的宾语从句。如： (4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。考点3、表语从句常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。1连接词引导2连接代词和连接副词引导特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。考点4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。2同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。 考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项1that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。2that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，的事情”。3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。名词性从句考点典型陷阱题分析1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A. thatB. whatC. that thatD. what what2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there.A. whichB. howC. whatD. having请再做下面一题：He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as3“Is _ you want to say?” asked the teacher.A. thisB. thatC. all thatD. that all4. “When _ leave for Japan?” “ When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.”A. they will, will theyB. will they, they willC. they will, they willD. will they, will they请做以下试题：(1) None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed.A. she will marry, she will marryB. she marries, she marriesC. she will marry, she marriesD. she marries, she will marry(2) “Where _ go to work?” “Where _ go to work is not known.”A. we shall, we shallB. shall we, shall weC. shall we, we shallD. we shall, shall we5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is比较以下两句：Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。6. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves? A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what请做以下试题：(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, _ she liked me.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. thatB. whichC. asD. because前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。精编陷阱题训练1. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. itB. whichC. thatD. what2. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _A_ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB. whichC. whichD. how3. It has come to my notice _ some of you have missed classes.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. when4. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_ I was last night.” A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities.A. thatB. whyC. whereD. what6. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. thatB. whenC. whatD. how7. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that8. _ we are doing has never been done before.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Whether9. People have heard _ the President has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do.A. how, howB. what, what C. when, howD. that, what10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whateverB. thatC. whichD. whichever12. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Because13. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, whoB. every, whoeverC. whichever, whoeverD. either, whoever14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reasonB. Thats whyC. Theres whyD. Thats because15. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever16. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. A. How; thatB. That; whichC. That; whichD. What; that【试题放送】u 名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；1. 【2013北京31】_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. WhatC. Who D. Which2. 【2013北京33】 Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what3. 【2013湖南28】. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. thatC. whichD. where4. 【2013江西30】_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever5. 【2013山东30】Its good to know_ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 6. 【2013陕西20】It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether7. 【2013四川6】 _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. How C. What D. That8. 【2013天津15】 I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What9. 【2013新课标I卷26】Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what10. 【2013浙江16】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether11. 【2013重庆28】. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which12. 【2013安徽21】From space, the earth looks blue. This is _about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether【2012辽宁卷】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever【2012四川卷】17. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether【2012江西卷】25It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat【2012湖南】6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. whyB. howC. whetherD. when【2012浙江卷】4.I made a promise to myself_this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. how【2012江苏卷】27.The notice came around two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how【举一反三】同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）【试题延伸】(2011天津)Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where）【2012安徽卷】27.The limits of a persons intelligence ,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【2012全国新课程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what【2012山东卷】25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【2012福建卷】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the