2010年高考英语真题之书面表达(含范文)必备学习.doc

美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。2010年高考英语真题之书面表达1、【全国卷1】书面表达（满分25分） 假如你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛（speech contest），希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。英语演讲比赛主题：人与自然时间：6月15日下午2：005：00地点：501教室参赛选手：10名学生联系人：李华（电话44876655）欢迎大家光临注意：词数100左右。*Dear Mrs. Smith, With best wishesLi Hua范文Dear Mrs. Smith,Im Li Hua, Chair of the Student Union of YuCai Middle School, which is close to your university. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2；00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions.I am looking forward to your reply.With best wishesLi Hua2、【全国卷2】第三节 书面表达假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。内容主要包括：1、教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、近日英国等2、教授对象：高中生（至少三年英语基础）3、工作量：每周12学时，任选三门课担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问（advisor）注意：1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。*Dear Peter,I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Best,Li Hua范文Dear Peter,I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Our school now is looking for a native speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. If you come, you can choose three of the following four courses:Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today, and teach 12 hours a week. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences. Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students English club or our schools English newspaper.Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions. Id be more than happy to help.Best,Li Hua3、【浙江卷】第二节：书面表达（满分30分）最近，李越被评为你们班的“每周之星”。请你根据她的事迹（在周六下午，不管天气炎热，为班级选购歌咏比赛服装），用英语为班级板报写一篇100-120个词的短文。你的文章应包括下列要点：1、李越的事迹及其对同学的影响；2、你的评论。注意：1、文章的标题和开头已给出（不计词数）。2、参考词汇：singing contet歌咏比赛Costume服装Star student of the weekLi Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class. 范文Star student of the weekLi Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class On the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another, looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cool and comfortable rooms, she spent the whole afternoon searching and electing. Finally, she found the right clothes. Deeply moved by her efforts, we cried our best and won the first prize in the contest.Li Yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class. Besides, she often devotes her spare time to helping others. She has set a good example for us. Therefore, she deserves the honor and we should learn from her.4、【湖南卷】Section C（25 marks）Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下：1、简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动；2、谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。注意：1、词数不少于120个；2、不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。5、【福建卷】第二节 书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATERFOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。注意：1、根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯；2、开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数；3、文中不能出现考生的具体信息；4、词数：120左右。参考词汇：短缺 shortage； 资源 resourceLadies and gentlemen,Good morning. Im Li Hua from Fujian, China. Its my great honor to be here to say something about global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. Thats all. Thank you.范文Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning. Im Li Hua from Fujian, China. Its my great honor to be here to say something about global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasing severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, its a high time we did something about it.Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, its everyone responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situaiton of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.Thats all. Thank you6、【山东】第二节（满分30分）假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom越好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件1、表示歉意；2、解释原因3、另约时间。注意：1、词数120150；2、可适当增加细节。7、【四川】第二节 书面表达（满分35分）假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英语发言稿。1、过去对成年的向往；2、现在的感受和认可；3、将来的目标和措施。参考词汇：责任 responsibility注意：1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、发言稿的开头和结束已为你写好（不计入总词数）Good morning, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”. Thank you for listening范文Good morning, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”.As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now Im a grown-up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibility. I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university. (106 words)Thank you for your listening8、【重庆卷】第三节书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，于2010年6月3号搭乘国外某航空公司航班（flight number BA793）回国后，发现遗失了一个行李箱（suitcase）。现请用英文给航空公司写一封信，请他们帮你寻找。信件要点包括：陈述写信原因简要概述该行李说明其重要性期待回复并表示感谢注意：1、词数100左右。2、信件格式已为你给出。3、请在答题卡上作答9、【广东卷】 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）以下是一则关于中国政府决定禁烟的报道的主要内容。内容：公共场所戒烟实施时间：2011年1月1日起实施范围：全国目标：所有室内公共场所无烟措施：张贴禁烟标志相关数据：（1）吸烟人数：约3.5亿（2）分布：男性75%；女性25%（3）受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿（4）因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年 二手烟：second-hand smoke写作内容请根据以上内容给学校英语墙报写一篇通讯，内容包括：1、禁烟决定的内容及实施的时间和范围；2、目标和措施；3、相关数据。写作要求只能用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicited to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Whos the Boss?Then one day Ethans mother made him an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him 0 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him 0. He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will. Psychologists warn thay money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should despite decades of reform and budget increases.写作内容1、以约30词概括上文的主要内容。2、以约120词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：（1）你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；（2）你的父母（或其他亲人）是如何鼓励你学习的；（3）你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。写作要求1、作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。10、【湖北卷】第二节：短文写作（共1题；满分25分）请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。The best example of university understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through diffiult situaitons and find friends in a world of strange. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.注意：无须写标题；内容只需涉及一个方面；词数为100左右。范文I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago, when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. The teacher spoke English throughout the class, which was totally different from the lessons I had taken before. In the morning class the next day, the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students. After listening to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. The smile shone on the whole day and the following days. A week later, I voulunteered to take charge of English study in my class. Thanks to the comforting smile in my first morning class, I began to be confident. 11、【天津卷】假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给学校评选组写一封申请信：对此活动的认识（如对本人、学生及社会的益处等）个人优势你的计划（如怎样进行辅导等）注意：1、词数不少于100；2、可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；3、信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。参考词汇：晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope SchoolDear Sir or Madam,I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua12、【安徽卷】第二节 书面表达（满分25分）假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动。征文的内容要求你字电视、手机（cell）和网络三者中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up TV, cell, on Web”为题，写一篇英语短文。1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。范文We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used. It seems that many people cannot enjoy themselves without them.However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet. I could do without TV because few shows take my fancy and therere too many commercials. Besides, most programs on TV are also available elsewhere.As for cells and the Web, they are more necessary to me. I need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family, and almost all information can be gathered on the Internet.13、【江苏卷】81.假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”，请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。自己英语学习的情况 1、英语学习的目的； 2、英语学习的方法； 3、课外自学的途径； 对学校英语教学的建议 （请考生根据自己的经历和感想，提出两至三点建议。） 注意：1、对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2、词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。3、文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。Dear teachers and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. Thank you for listening范文Dear teachers and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. Im interested in English, and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally its very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows, vocabully is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building. I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. After class, I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides, Ive learned a lot from the Internet and other sources.Now Id like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school. Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what weve learned in order to have a better grasp of it. Secondly, I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them. Finally, I suggest we have more Englsih activities, such as English contests and festvals.Thank you for listening.(150 words14、【陕西卷】第三节 书面表达（满分30分）假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里，你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据写作要点和要求给Sue写封电子邮件。写作要点：1、对她表达感激之意；2、介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情；3、希望了解她的近况。要求：1、短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。2、短文词数不少于400（不含已写好的部分）；3、内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。4、书写须清晰、工整。5、邮件中不能体现本人真实信息。范文Dear Sue,Im Li Hua, one of your students in China. Its almost a month since left us. We all miss you and are very greateful for what you did for us.We are busy as usual. We had an English speech contest the other day. I won the first prize! This again reminds me of all your kind help. Do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school? Yesterday, we went there and watered them. The tree you planted yourself is growing well, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood. Will you come back to see Sue Wood?How is everything with you lately? We hope to know more about you and your American students. Hope to keep in close touch.英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自