润滑油培训-英文版.ppt

VolvoConstructionEquipmentLubricants LubricationTraining BacktoMarketingProgramoverview ModuleOverview LubricationPrinciplesEngineLubricationTransmissionLubricationAutomaticTransmissionFluidsGreaseLubrication BacktoMarketingProgramoverview LubricationPrinciples SectionOverview RefiningProcessRefineryProductsfromCrudeOilLubricantBase stocksKeyLubricantFunctionsKeyLubricantPropertiesViscosityViscosityClassificationSystem SAE Mono gradeVs Multi gradePourPoint FlashPoint VolatilityConventionalVs Syntheticlubricant SyntheticLubricantsLubricantAdditivesAdditiveTypes Backtomoduleoverview RefiningProcess TwoMainProcesses SeparationProcessesSelectsDesirableComponentsfromtheCrudeIncludesDistillation SolventExtraction SolventDewaxingConversionProcessesConvertUndesirableElementsintoUsefulLubeOilComponentsAromatics Sulfur Wax etc IncludesHydrotreating Hydrofinishing HydrocrackingandCatalyticDewaxingToachievedesiredproperties Backtosectionoverview RefineryProductsfromCrudeOil Backtosectionoverview BASESTOCKSELECTION ADDITIVESELECTION FINISHEDLUBRICANT LubricantBasestocks Backtosectionoverview LubricantBasestocks MineralOilBasestocksRefinedfromCrudeOilTrueSyntheticBasestocksareDerivedfromChemicalReactionsSomecompaniesnowconsiderveryhighlyrefinedmineraloilas Synthetics Backtosectionoverview KeyLubricantFunctions SeparatemovingsurfacesCoolingSealingWearprotectionRust corrosionandfoaminhibitionAntioxidationDispersancyDetergency Backtosectionoverview KeyLubricantProperties ViscosityPourPointFlashPointVolatility Backtosectionoverview Viscosity Measureofafluid sresistancetoflowChangeswithTemperature highertemperature lowerviscosityPressure higherpressure higherviscosityShearRate highertheshearrate lowerviscosityViscosityIndexEffectofchangeoftemperatureontheviscosityofanoil Backtosectionoverview ViscosityClassificationSystem SAE Backtosectionoverview Mono gradeVs Multi grade Mono GradesMeetstherequirementsofoneSAEviscositygradee g SAE15W WinterGrade orSAE40 SummerGrade Lowtemperatureviscositycriticalforwintergrades hightemperatureviscositycriticalforsummergradesMulti GradesMeetstherequirementsofmorethanoneSAEviscositygrade Bothwinter summergrades Combine summer and winter SAEgradesinoneoile g SAE15W 40hasthelowtemp propertiesofSAE15W thehightemp propertiesofSAE40HigherVIthanMono Grades Backtosectionoverview PourPoint FlashPoint Volatility PourPointDefinestheTemperatureatWhichFluidnoLongerFlowsHasDirectEffectonFluidPumpingTemperatureGivesanindicationofcoldflowpropertiesFlashPointTemperatureatwhichvaporfromaheatedoiligniteswhenexposedtoanakedflameIndicatesthefirehazardVolatilityAmeasureofanengineoil stendencytoevaporateathighenginetemperatures Backtosectionoverview ConventionalVs Syntheticlubricant SyntheticLubricantProducedfromChemicalFeedstocksBasestockisEngineeredThroughaCatalyticProcess Creatingasynthesizedmaterial ConventionalLubricantProducedfromCrudeOilBasestocksareObtainedbyREMOVINGUndesirableComponents Synthetic Conventional Backtosectionoverview SyntheticLubricants AdvantagesReplacesVolatileLightMineralOilReducedLubricantConsumptionImprovedFuelEconomyImprovesLowTemperaturePerformanceOxidationStability Backtosectionoverview LubricantAdditives ChemicalCompoundsWhichareAddedtoLubeOilStockstoImproveTheirPerformancePropertiesSupplementorReinforceWell refined High qualityBasestocksPerformTwoCriticalFunctions MaximizeBeneficialPropertiesMinimizeDestructiveProcessesOxidationWearRust CorrosionShear Combustion Backtosectionoverview AdditiveTypes DispersantsDetergentsAnti WearAgentsFrictionModifiersOxidationInhibitorsRustInhibitorsViscosityIndexImproversPourPointDepressantsFoamInhibitors Backtosectionoverview EngineLubrication SectionOverview MainEnginePartsGasolineVs DieselDieselEngineDesignsTurbochargerEngineOilFunctionsEngineOilComponentsMajorInternationalEngineOilSpecificationsAPIClassificationAPIDieselOilQualityLevelsACEAClassificationOtherClassificationsEngineBuilderTrends Backtomoduleoverview MainEngineParts Backtosectionoverview GasolineVs Diesel Section2 EngineLubrication Backtosectionoverview GasolineVs Diesel GasolineQuieterLighterFasterBetteraccelerationLowerinitialcostCatalystemissionscontrol BetterfueleconomyHeavierLongerlifeGoodreliabilityCatalystandparticulatetrapemissionscontrol Backtosectionoverview DieselEngineDesigns Backtosectionoverview Turbocharger Backtosectionoverview EngineOilFunctions Friction WearReductionCoolingSealingDetergent DispersantRust CorrosionInhibitorDiagnosisFoamInhibitor Backtosectionoverview EngineOilComponents BaseOil 70 to95 offinalproductAdditives 30 to5 offinalproduct BaseOil Additives FinalProduct Backtosectionoverview MajorInternationalEngineOilSpecifications API AmericanPetroleumInstitute ACEA AssociationdesConstructeursEurop ensd Automobiles VDS Volvo MBMANScaniaRVI Renault AllisonCAT Caterpillar ZF Backtosectionoverview DieselCA Obsolete CD 1965 CE 1988 CF HeavyDutyOffHighway CF 2 TwoCycle 1994 CF 4 1990 CG 4 1994LowEmissions CH 4 1998LowEmission CI 4 2002LowEmission GasolineSA Obsolete SG 1989 SH 1993 SJ 1996Introduced APIClassification Backtosectionoverview APIDieselOilQualityLevels Backtosectionoverview ACEAClassification GasolineA1 98A2 98A398 HeavyDutyDieselE1 98 obsolete E2 98E3 98E4 98E5 99 PassengerCarDieselB1 98B2 98B3 98B4 98 Backtosectionoverview OtherClassifications VolvoVDSVDS 2VDS 3 HeavyDutyDieselMAN270MAN271MAN3275MAN3277 MB227 0228 1228 3228 5 Backtosectionoverview EngineBuilderTrends HigherHorsepowerupto600HPHigherInjectionPressuresNewmetallurgyincomponentsNewtimingmaps ExpecthighersootlevelsDevelopmentofEGREnginesGreatlyextendedserviceintervalsAlternatefiltrationsystemsNewenginedesigns Backtosectionoverview TransmissionLubrication SectionOverview ManualTransmissionTypesOfGearsSynchromeshGearsDifferentialLimitedSlipDifferentialFunctionsofaGearLubricantGearOilPropertiesGearOilSpecifications API OEMRequirements MercedesOEMRequirements ZFOEMRequirements Volvo ScaniaOEMRequirements MANCommercialVehicleTrendsOEMDrainPeriodsComparativeViscosityClasses Backtomoduleoverview ManualTransmission Allowsthedrivertoselectthegear andthereforethepoweroutputoftheenginethatisneededforthespeedandcontrolofthevehicleAsthedriveleavestheengine itpassesthroughtheclutchItentersthegearboxAndleavestothewheels Backtosectionoverview TypesOfGears SpurGears HypoidGear Backtosectionoverview SynchromeshGears Whenchanginggears thegearsarerotatingatthespeedofeitherthedriveshaftsortheengineTopreventdamagethesynchromeshequalizesthespeedsofthegearshaftsbeforeengagingthegears Backtosectionoverview Differential WhenavehicledrivesroundacornertheouterwheeltravelsfurtherthantheinnerTodothistheyneedtotravelatdifferentspeedsThisiscalleddifferentialortheequaldistributionofturningpower Backtosectionoverview LimitedSlipDifferential Iftractionislostononewheel extratorqueistransmittedtotheoppositewheelFittedtooff highwayvehiclesandsomesportcarsRequiresfrictionmodifiedlubricant Backtosectionoverview FunctionsofaGearLubricant Preventmetal to metalcontactProvidegoodshiftabilityatalltemperaturesDissipateheatPreventrustingCarryawayweardebrisReducefrictionImprovefueleconomy Backtosectionoverview GearOilProperties Loadcarrying antiwearOxidationresistanceCorrosionprotectionThermalstability cleanlinessFrictionalpropertiesFoamsuppressionSealcompatibility Backtosectionoverview GearOilSpecifications API GL 1 ForsomemanualgearboxeswhereuntreatedoilsmaybeusedGL 1 ForsomemanualgearboxeswhereuntreatedoilsmaybeusedGL 3 Formanualgearboxesandspiralbevelaxlesoperatingundermoderateconditions MildEPAdditiveGL 4 Forspiralbevelandhypoidgearsinaxlesoperatingundermoderatelysevereconditions MediumEPGL 5 Forhypoidgearsoperatingunderhighspeedorlowspeed hightorqueconditions HighEPGL 6 ObsoleteFordonlyNewAPIserviceclarificationsMT 1 PreviouslyknownasPG 1 Fornon synchronizedbusandheavydutytruckgearboxeswithimprovedthermalstability cleanlinessandsealcompatibilityPG 2 maybeknownasGL 7 Heavydutyrearaxleapplicationwithimprovedthermalstability cleanlinessandspallingresistance Backtosectionoverview OEMRequirements Mercedes Specification235 1235 0235 5235 6235 4235 10 ApplicationHeavyDutyManualGearBoxesHeavyDutyRearAxlesHeavyDutyManualGearBoxesHeavyDutyRearAxlesOff HighwayGearBoxesOnlyMediumSized Sprinter VansandPassengerCarManualTransmissions ApprovedViscosityGrades80W 80 85W80W 85W 85W 90 9080W 80 85W80W 85W 85W 90 90 Backtosectionoverview OEMRequirements ZF SupplycomponentstoOEMse g MB MAN Volvo DAFComponentsusuallysupplieddryApprovallistsforeachspecificationwhichmayhaveseveraldifferentpagesTE ML01ConstantMeshGearboxesTE ML02SynchromeshGearboxesTE ML05RearAxles includeslimitedslip TE ML07HydrostaticandMechanicalDrives ReductionGears TE ML08Non PowerAssistedSteeringGearsExtendedDrain 300 000km Sheet TE ML02 Page4 Backtosectionoverview OEMRequirements Volvo Scania VolvoNewExtendedDrain 400 000km Specifications STD1273 07 HDManualTransmissionsSTD1273 12 HDRearAxlesProgramInitiated7YearsAgoCandidatesChosenforFieldTrialEvaluationInterim180 000kmApprovalforFieldTrialProducts ScaniaNewSTO 1SpecificationIssuedforFactory ServiceFillofGearBoxandRearAxlesAPIGL 5 OxidationTest Shear FilterabilityAchievablewithallmineralproductsAllowsupto180 000kmODIDependantonService Backtosectionoverview OEMRequirements MAN UseEatonorZFGearboxes IssueOwnApprovalLists Backtosectionoverview CommercialVehicleTrends FuelEconomy IncreasedH P EnginesReducedComponentSizeReducedAirFlow NoiseAttenuationIncreasedUseofRetarders Environmental SynchromeshMetallurgy ExtendedDrain Shiftability LowerViscosity Friction IncreasedThermal OxidativeStabilityNeedforAlternateChemistry ReducedChlorine FuelEconomy LessCO2 SealCompatibility MetalCompatibilityFrictionalProperties IncreasedDurabilityShear friction wear oxidation LowTemperatureFluidity Backtosectionoverview OEMDrainPeriods Backtosectionoverview ComparativeViscosityClasses Backtosectionoverview AutomaticTransmissionFluids SectionOverview AutomatictransmissionsFluidFunctionsFluidPropertiesAutomaticTransmissionTrendsAutomaticTransmissionFluidTrendsU S ATFSpecificationsEuropeanATFSpecificationsKeyEuropeanOEM s MercedesKeyEuropeanOEMs Backtomoduleoverview AutomaticTransmissions HowitworksDriveentersthetorqueconverterPassestothegearsetAndouttothewheels Backtosectionoverview FluidFunctions LubricatethegeartrainTransmitpowerinthetorqueconverterActashydraulicmediumLubricatethefrictionclutchesActasaheattransfermedium Backtosectionoverview FluidProperties AdequateloadcarryingperformanceGoodfoamingresistanceLowviscosity buthighviscosityindexCorrectfrictionalcharacteristicstomatchclutchmaterialsanddesignCorrectseal SwellcharacteristicsGoodoxidationstabilityGoodcorrosioninhibitionThermalstabilityLow temperaturefluidity Backtosectionoverview AutomaticTransmissionTrends Transmissionswithelectroniccontrols Improvedlowtemperaturefluidity Compactsdesigns BetterAerodynamicsofretarders Thermal Oxidativestability Enginepoweroutput Frictioncapacity Durability Shearstability Wearprotection Shear Wear Thermal Oxidativestability Frictiondurability Extendeddrainintervals Backtosectionoverview AutomaticTransmissionFluidTrends ATF Dexron IIIExtendedDrainSyntheticsPart syntheticsPart Hydrocracked OEMspecificfluidsFill for lifeSpecialbasestocksMinimalservicefill Backtosectionoverview U S ATFSpecifications GeneralMotors PassengerCar CurrentSpecification DexronIIIAllison GeneralMotors HeavyDutyDivision CurrentSpecification AllisonC 4Ford PassengerCar CurrentSpecification Mercon 1993 Mercon V Backtosectionoverview EuropeanATFSpecifications RequireDexronIIapprovalasbasisImportantOEMsMBZFOthersRenkVoithRenault Backtosectionoverview KeyEuropeanOEM s Mercedes Approvedproductslist Sheet236 X In HouseEvaluationRequiredSheetlistingdependantonchemistryusedMB236 1MB236 6MB236 7MB235 8 Synthetic MB236 6 coversmostapplications DBNoLongermanufactureHDtransmissions Backtosectionoverview KeyEuropeanOEMs MAN Renk MANApprovedProductsListMAN339A T A S A MAN339D DexronIID IIEMAN339F DexronIIILessstringentapprovalrequirementsRenkApprovedProductsListforDoromatTransmissionsT A S A Fluids 30 000kmDrainDexronIIDFluids 15 000kmDrainDonotapproveDexronIIIproducts Backtosectionoverview GreaseLubrication SectionOverview WhatisaGrease LubricatingGreasesVs OilsKeyGreaseFunctionsWhentoLubricatewithGrease PenetrationandNLGIClassesGreaseApplicationsSemi FluidGreasesRe greasingintervalsWorkingLimitsofGreasesBalanceofPropertiesGreaseTrendsSelectionChartofGreases Backtomoduleoverview WhatisaGrease Asolidtosemi fluidproductconsistingofafluidlubricantandathickenerItusuallycontainsadditivestoenhanceperformanceTypicalgreasecontentsoil80 87 thickener8 15 additives5 Backtosectionoverview LubricatingGreasesVs Oils OilsFluidRunawayremoveheat cool removedebris clean removeparticles clean ClassificationViscosity SAE GreasesSemi fluid semi solidStayinplacesealnocooling nocleaningClassificationConsistency NLGI Backtosectionoverview KeyGreaseFunctions ReducesFriction Wear HeatAssuresaLubricantReserveSealsFromContamination Backtosectionoverview WhentoLubricatewithGrease TodecreasedrippingandsplatteringoflubricantTodecreasefrequencyoflubricationTosealoutcontaminantsForintermittentoperationTosuspendsolidadditivesUnderextremeoperatingconditionshightemperaturehighpressureshockloadinglowspeed highpressureMachinebadlywornWhennoisereductionisveryimportant Backtosectionoverview PenetrationandNLGIClasses WorkedPenetration445to475400to430355to385310to340265to295220to250175to205130to16085to115 NLGIGrade000000123456 GreaseConsistencySemi FluidSemi FluidSoftSoftCommonSemi HardSemi HardHardHard Geargreasesforsmallborecentralize