主谓一致的定义.doc

主谓一致的定义主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。主语若是复数，谓语也采用复数形式。主语若是单数或是不可数名词，谓语采用单数形式。主谓一致的分类主谓一致分为两大类：就近一致原则和意义一致原则。就近一致原则指的是，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。意义一致原则指的是，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。就近一致原则（1）连词not only.but also/ neither.nor/ or/ either.or/ not.butNot only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.同学们和老师对此都一无所知。Neither he nor they are wholly right.他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。Either he or I am right.或者他对，或者我对。就近一致原则（2）副词here/ thereHere comes the bus.瞧，公共汽车来了。Here is a pencil-box for you.这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。Here are my replies to your questions.这些是我针对你的问题的回答。There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。主谓一致：andand的两边分别是不同的可数名词。John and Mary are my friends.约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。Both rice and wheat are grown in China.中国有种水稻也有种小麦。and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。Fish and chips is a popular supper here.炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。（鱼和土豆片作为整体）The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。（同一个人既是诗人又是作家）each(every) + 单数名词 + and + each(every) + 单数名词谓语动词用单数Every hour and every minute is important.每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。主谓一致：with.“主语 + 后置定语”谓语动词只看主语，不看后置定语部分。引起这种后置定语的单词有：with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but,except, besides, including, in addition to。The teacher with two students was at the meeting.那位老师还有两个学生参加会议。I as well as they am ready to help you.不仅他们乐以帮助你，我也乐以帮助你。A woman with two children is over there at the bus stop.一个妇女还有两个孩子在公共汽车站那儿。主谓一致：to do, doing主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。To learn a foreign language is not easy.Its not easy to learn a foreign language.学外语不容易。Working with you is pleasant.Its pleasant working with you.同你一块工作是令人愉快的。The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.我们从这儿就能看到屋顶的那座楼房就是旅馆。主谓一致：policepolice 警察/ militia民兵/ people人们/ vermin 害虫/ cattle 牲畜/ poultry 家禽这类集体名词的后面常接复数的谓语动词。The police are questioning everyone in the house.警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef, and hides.家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。主谓一致：familyarmy军队/ data 数据/ jury 陪审团/ audience 观众/ enemy 敌人/ media 媒体bacteria 细菌/ family 家庭/ navy 海军/ committee 委员会/ flock 羊群nobility 贵族/ community 共同体/ firm 商号/ party 政党/ company 公司gang 一群/ press 新闻界/ council 理事会/ government 政府/ public 公众couple 对、双/ group 组/ staff 全体职员/ crew 全体人员/ herd 牧群/ team 队这类集体名词可以用作单数也可以用作复数。如果把family看成家庭成员，谓语用复数。如果把family看成一个整体，谓语用单数。His family are waiting for him.他的家人正在等他。（把family看成家庭成员）Ive got to make it clear that my family was very poor.我得说清楚，我的家是很穷的。（把family看成一个整体）主谓一致：furnituremankind 人类/ furniture 家具/ foliage 植物clothing 衣服/ machinery 机械/ merchandise 货物这类集体名词只能用作单数形式，因为它们属不可数名词。Our clothing protects us from cold.衣服保护我们免受寒冻。Then the furniture was moved in.然后家具被搬进来。主谓一致：trousersglasses眼睛/ spectacles眼睛/ scissors剪刀/ shorts短裤/trousers裤子/ pajamas睡衣Where are my pajamas? 我的睡衣在哪里？My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。shoe鞋子/ glove手套/ sock袜子/目前的教辅把shoes归入和trousers同一类，这样作对于高考没有大碍。不过两者的不同之处在以后的大学课堂中还需明辨。主谓一致：the old名词化的形容词作主语时要看主语的具体情况。一. 看作复数The wounded were sent home.伤员被送回家。（指一批人，动词用复数。）The old are taken good care of here.这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。（一批人）二. 看作单数The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必须辨明。（抽象的概念，看成单数。）The accused was punished to prison.那个被告被判入狱。（一个人）主谓一致：two years时间、金钱、路程的名词虽是用复数形式作主语，谓语动词仍然要用单数形式。Two years is enough.两年就够了。A hundred miles is a long distance.一百英里是一段很长的距离。主谓一致：percent分数和百分数的词作主语时，以“of 短语”中的名词为判断标准。Thirty percent of the grain is used to feed animals.百分之三十的粮食用来饲养牲口。Ninety percent of the smokers are male.百分之九十的吸烟者是男性。主谓一致：each以下列不定代词作主语的句子谓语动词用单数：either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,somebody, someone, somet