unit3高级阅读6.doc

Text 1: WALLS AND BARRIERSTeaching objectives1. Writing with inductive reasoning. 2. Exposition/argumentation through comparison and contrast.3. Philosophical significance in architecture. Teaching procedures I. Warming-up Ask questions to elicit students responses to the following:1. General impression of the text 2. Information about the author (c.f. John Ruskin) 3. General knowledge of architecture (e.g. from the internet)4. Definitions of walls and barriers; and the logical connections in betweenII. Understanding the main idea of the textAsk students to generalize the authors message. Encourage students to use alternative expressions such as: Main Idea of the Textn Architecture is an expression of peoples thoughts/ ideas/ mentality.n Architecture is a medium for the expression of human beliefs and attitudes. n The change of the architectural style reflects peoples changed view of the world n Human outlook is reflected in architectural styles etcIII Relevant information about the author and architecture 1. The Author: Eugene Raskin (1909-US architect, playwright, composer:n interests ranging from music and playwriting to architectural scholarship;n adjunct professor at Columbia from 1936 to 1976;n author of Architecturally Speaking, Sequel to Cities, and Architecture and People. n Composer of hit song Those Were the Days, (from a Russian folk melody in 1968), hit No. 1 on the British charts and No. 2 on the American charts.n died at 94 in Manhattan2. The bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue and other glass buildings (Power-point presentation)IV. Analyzing the organization of the textAsk students to analyze the structure of the text and to underline the cohesive devices that establish the link between paragraphs. Para 1-2:Starting with the fathers reaction to the bank building style, thus raising the topic of architecture Para 3-5: Analyzing HOW the changed architectural style of a bank is a reflection of peoples changed attitude toward money. Call students attention to the expository means of. comparison and contrast employed in this section with the following chart. Focus of comparison Contrasting Points Past Present conception of money - tangible commodity,- cash - product of imagination- credit, book-keeping banks function - to provide a “safe” - to offer service banks architectural design -appearing impregnable, with heave walls, barred windows & bronze doors;- enclosed - cubical cage of glass, lighted interior, with window displays from door to vault;- open Conclusion: The architectural style of a bank is not simply a matter of aesthetic concern; it is a reflection of peoples prevailing conceptions of money. Para 6-10: Moving from the building style of the bank to the architectural style in general, to illustrate HOW the architectural style reflects peoples mentality. Call students attention once again to exposition through contrasts. ocus of comparison Contrasting Points Primitive Modern conception of universe large, fearsome, hostile, uncontrollable controllable, relying on law & order expected functions of walls to limit space for human protection to separate undesirable air, resulting architectural style heavy walls of huge boulders thin sheet metal or glass as walls Focus of comparison Contrasting Points Primitive Modern conception of privacyconception of man - cherished greatly;-dirty, prying, vile , dangerous,- introspective, - seeking solitude -proud to be seen/admired-reasonable, -respecting law and order- seeking public life resulting architectural features -heavy walls;- inward style - thin metal or glass walls- open plan, unobstructed view Conclusion: The heavy walls express mans fear of the outer world and his need to find protection; while the glass wall expresses mans conviction that he can and does master nature and society. Para 11: Re-stating the thesis: Architecture as a means of expressing human mentality.Outline of organization Presenting the topic para 1-2 Elaboration (para 3-5) (Thesis: The changed bank building style is a reflection of peoples changed conception of money) Further elaboration:(para 6-10 )from specific bank building style to architecture in general (Thesis: Architecture is a reflection of human mentality) Conclusion (para 11)(Re-stating the thesis)V. Text study and language points1. Comprehension questions:General:n How do you define “walls”, and how do you define “barriers”? Are they connected in any sense?n What is the main idea of the text? Are there any sentence/s or paragraph/s in the text that tell you the thesis/ central message of the author?Para 1:n How does the bank at 43rd St. and 5th Ave look like? Are there many modern buildings constructed in the similar style?n How did Raskins father react to the bank? Whats the thing that he disliked? Why so? n Why does Raskin begin his article with his fathers response to the bank?Para 3 -5:n Why was it necessary for banks in the past to have heavy walls and bronze doors? n What changes have occurred in peoples notion of money, in the function of the bank, and, accordingly, in its architectural features?n How do you understand the observation “a deficit economy, accompanied by huge expansion”? Is this situation true to the Chinese context?(Reference answer: The prevailing policy of stimulating the economy by spending in excess of income, together with the tremendous growth/expansion of business has led us to regard money as something intangible, something that can be created by imagination. In other words, it seems that a lot of business can be conducted without the presence of money.) 目前流行的超前消费以刺激经济的政策以及商业的高度发展，使得人们觉得钱是一种想象创造的产物。(赤字经济，虚拟经济) 融资所最重要的并不在于拥有多少现金，而在于具有多少胆略以及创造大数目的能力。Para 6-8:n How did people in primitive society conceive the universe? Why did they build heavy walls? What function did people expect from walls?n Why did people in some Mediterranean cultures attach great importance to privacy? What is the underlying philosophy ?n How does Raskin contrast “classical”with “new” theories of architecture?Para 9-10:n What is peoples attitude towards possible hostility and privacy in the modern time? How is this attitude different from that prevailing in the primitive society? n What, according to the author, is the primary function of todays walls？Do you agree? Why are heavy walls obsolete to the modern eye?n What is the decisive factor that affects the style of architecture, technology or human attitude?2. Language points:Para 1:to catch sb doing sth / to catch sb at sth e.g. n Any staff member in this tobacco company will be sacked if he is caught smoking.n Dont let him catch you at it.n Ive caught you at your tricks again. Para 2:unnerving: causing (sb) to lose self-control, confidence or courage, e.g.n She found the whole interview rather unnerving. 她觉得整个面试让人气馁。not so much as / not so much but (the fact that) (c.f. not because but because ) Refer to n (paragraph 8 )“ it was not so much the world of nature that was feared, but the world of man”n (paragraph 9) “We place greater reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so much by physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social practice.”n It was not so much for the low salary that I quit the job but for the humiliation I felt. Para 3:tangible + progress / benefits etc. To mean sth substantially real, material, be easily seen/felt/noticed, e.g. n The opposition party criticized that his rule as the Prime Minister had brought few tangible benefits to the poor.反对派批评说他在任总理期间，并没有给穷人带来多少实质性的利益。n The Xiamen Municipal Government has planned to do ten things which they believe will bring tangible benefits to the local people. 为民办10 件实事.n The evidence tangibly supports his claim. (有力地、大大地)custom U business patronage, regular support given to a trades man by those who buy his goods, e.g. n A lot of corner shops in Britain depend on the neighborhoods custom. n I shall withdraw my custom from that shop. 我将不再去那家店铺买东西了。n The new gas station would like to have your custom. 新加油站竭诚欢迎你经常惠顾。impregnable: unassailable, sturdy, e.g.n an impregnable stronghold 坚不可摧的堡垒n be militarily impregnable to direct assault 是任何军事力量无法从正面攻破的institution: building of a social or public organization 社会公共机构的建筑物n The institution was under guard when the art exhibit was there. 艺展举行时，展馆是有人看守的。dwell in: exist inn There dwells in me a strange feeling that all is not right. 我心中有一种奇怪的感觉，似乎事情并不全对头。Compare: “to dwell on/upon”, e.g.n So far we have dwelt on the negative elements in the situation. (考虑)Para 4:excepting (You use “excepting” to introduce the only thing or person that prevents a statement from being completely true. - CO-B ) e.g. n He was the only human male for miles around excepting an old handyman. Compare: except, except for, except that dash: vigour in style and actionn All his activities showed the same dash and spirit.他的一切活动都表现出同样的干劲和气魄。n The general had both skill and dash.这位将军智勇双全。Compare: dash used as a noun as inn Give a dash of pepper powder before serving it. n Some soups are served cold with a dash of cream.flair: ingenuity and vitalityn to have a flair for music (language) 有学音乐（语言）的天分n have (show) no flair for complicated calculations不会作复杂的计算n be impressed by sbs political flair对某人的政治才干有深刻印象 Para 6: depart from: turn aside, deviaten to depart from normal procedure (from social norm) 违反正常的程序n Tell your story without departing from the truth.n (The Bible) Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old, he will not depart from position: arrangement into proper proportion or relation. into artistic formn This painting has a graceful composition. 这幅画构图雅致。Para 7:illusory: deceptive; based on illusionn illusory security 虚假的安全感n illusory hopes 不切实际的希望preclude: make impossible, preventn This should not preclude a search for a better hypothesis. 这不应该妨碍我们去寻求一个更好的理论。n Such a regulation sets limit on the powers of the government officials and precludes them from acting illegally. 这一规定限制了官员们的权利，使他们无法违法乱纪。n The suicide note precluded the possibility of murder.那封绝命书排除了他杀的可能。n These conditions preclude our taking part in the negotiation. 这些条件使我们无法参加谈判。Para 8:intricacies (pl): intricate things, events, etc.n unable to follow the intricacies of the plot 难以理解情节中复杂的关系n the technical intricacies of modern industry 现代工业的方方面面Para 9:solitude: being alone without companionsn She enjoys the solitude of her own flat. 她喜欢独自在自己的公寓里。Para 10:screen: conceal, protect or shelter sth./sb with a screenn The camera lens must be screened from direct sunlight。照相机的镜头不可受到阳光的直射。n The wall screens us against the wind. 这堵墙能给我们挡风。to have qualm about: i.e. to worry that something is not right. - I sometimes feel/have qualms about out teaching methods. 3. Paraphrase of difficult sentences:1. Of course my fatherbut I suspect-I more than suspect, I am convinced-that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money: The answer in Teachers Book is: his objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty sure, is not a result of his strong dislike or the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.I think it is better to paraphrase this way:Of course my father stands for those who were brought up in the old tradition. To them, a lot of modern architecture is simply not solid enough. I guess, no. Im quite sure, my father disliked the bank not because he thought the building itself is unpleasant but because the architectural style of the bank goes against his conception of money.2 If a buildings design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: If a building was made to look invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money. (i.e. The significance of the heavy walls does not exist in its aesthetic value but in its functional ability to provide a safe place for people to put money in.)3. Even the fear of the cast stone has been analyzed out of us: Teachers Book: “The modern man studies “the fear of the cast stone” with the result that he dismisses the fear. ” I think the paraphrase provided in the Teachers Book is rather confusing. Perhaps we can explain the implication this way:n In the modern age, man is in a position to control nature; any problem can be solved by reason and science.n With science and legal resources, man in the modern era has nothing to hide, nothing to be afraid of.” VI. Assignment1. Do exercise in Work Book. 2. Prepare for discussion: Do you think the Chinese architectural style also reflects Chinese mentality? How? Give examples to illustrate. (Forbidden City, etc.)TEXT II BARRIER SIGNALSTeaching Objectives1 To develop students awareness of cultural differences in body language. 2 To learn exemplification in expository writing.3 To appreciate descriptive writing.Teaching procedures I. Warm-up questions:1. On seeing the title, what do you think the barrier signals may refer to? 2. What are the occasions when we tend to feel uneasy, nervous or even frightened? Can you give examples?3. What do you usually do when you feel nervous? Are there any “small ways” in which you try to hide your nervousness?4. Do you think the subject of “barrier signals” interesting and worthy of our serious study? Why or why not?5. How do you like the writing style of the text? Do you enjoy reading, or are your bored to some extent? II. Relevant informationThe Author Desmond MorrisDesmond Morris (Desmond John Morris), author of The Naked Ape and The Human Zoo, was born in the village of Purton, near Swindon, Wiltshire, England on January 24th, 1928 as the son of an author of childrens fiction and as the great-grandson of William Morris, the pioneering founder of the Swindon Advertiser - Britains first penny paper - who was also a keen amateur naturalist. During his younger childhood Desmond Morris developed a strong interest in writing and in natural history. As a teenager his interest in natural history developed towards an interest in Zoology, whilst he also became more interested in art. In 1946 he was obliged to put in two years of National Service as a military trainee but also functioned as a lecturer in Fine Arts at the Chisledon Army College. He developed sufficient expertise as an artist to warrant his holding a one-man exhibition in Swindon Library. In the autumn of 1948 he was enrolled as an undergraduate at the Zoology Department of Birmingham University following his release from National Service. During his undergraduate course he continued to be involved in painting and became involved in film-making as a writer and director. His paintings were exhibited in London and in Belgium. In 1951 he graduated from Birmingham with first class honours and moved to Oxford to pursue doctoral studies in animal behavior. Here he was placed under the tutorship of Dr. Niko Tinbergen. In 1952 he married Ramona Baulch. His studies on the Reproductive Behaviour of the Ten-spined Stickleback (a small freshwater fish) led to his being awarded a doctorate in 1954 and then to post-doctoral research at Oxford on the reproductive behaviour of birds. From 1956 he became seriously involved in the making of films and television programmes about animal behaviour and began studying the artistic abilities of apes. This was followed by the authorship of a number of natural history books and by the hosting of a popular TV program Zootime over several years. In 1959 he was appointed Curator of Mammals at London Zoo. Between 1959 and 1967 he was responsible for the authorship of quite a few natural history books, sometimes in co-authorship with his wife. In 1967 he became a rather more controversial figure in that his authorship