Unit 2辅导材料.doc

Unit 2 Poems重点、难点及考点解析一、重点单词1. convey 1)传达, 表达(感情, 意见, 思想等) He was sent to convey a message to the U.N. Secretary General.convey sth to sb.向某人传达, 表达(感情, 意见, 思想等) convey a sense/an impression/an idea etc I want to convey to children that reading is interesting.2)传送, 运送(可与from, to连用) Wires convey electricity from power stations to the users. Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.2. delight 1)u 欢喜, 高兴, 愉快 I read your new book with real delight. 2)c乐事; 讨人喜欢的人, 爱好的事物 Your little dog is a real delight. 3) Vt. 使喜欢, 使高兴 He delighted the audience with his performance.相关短语be delighted with对感到高兴 be delighted to do 乐于做某事take delight in 嗜好, 乐于, 喜欢 to ones delight 令某人高兴的事 with delight高兴地, 欣然 _. 他爱好绘画。Keys: He takes great delight in painting.3. score v. 得分, 刻划, 划线 n. 得分, 刻痕, 二十 He scored high/well in the test. Arsenal scored in the final minute of the game. I recorded the score in a notebook. score意为二十, 它与dozen, hundred, thousand, million等词一样, 前面有确定 数字时, 不加s, 但可以与介词of连用, 但hundred, thousand和million前面 有确定数词时, 不能跟of短语。没有确定数词时加s及of表示许许多多。The bus can hold two score and ten people. 这辆汽车可以容纳50人。 Scores of people took part in the game. 许多人参加了这次比赛。 4. tease v. 取笑, 招惹, 戏弄 tease sb. /sth. 取笑, 招惹, 戏弄 某人/某物 At school the other children always teased me because I was fat. They teased her about her laziness. Dont take it seriously he was only teasing. Stop teasing the cat! n. 爱开玩笑的人, 爱戏弄别人的人 Hes a terrible tease.5. transform vt. 改变 (的形状,外观,品质或性质)transform sth (into +sth) 把.变成.1. Success and wealth transformed his character.2. A steam-engine transforms heat into energy.3. He transformed the garage into a recreation room.6. translate翻译, 能译, 把.用另一种形式表达出来 n. translation A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. Most poems dont translate well. 译得不好 The sentence wont translate. 译不出来 Its time to translate your idea into action.7. appropriate adj.恰当的, 合适的 I think this is an appropriate moment to raise the question of my promotion. The government has appropriated a large sum of money for building hospitals. The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 8. pattern 1)模式, 方式, 形式 The illness is not following its usual pattern.不循常规 Does the poem have a rhythmic pattern?这诗遵守了押韵的规律吗? 2)图案 She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it. 3)模范; 榜样 The company set a pattern for others to follow. 4)v.模仿, 用图案装饰 He patterned himself upon a man he admired. 9. load n. 担子, 负担, 工作量They work under the load of responsibility.He climbed the hill with a heavy load on his shoulder.My work load is more than forty hours a week. 2) v. 装货, 将货物装上They loaded the ship quickly.The truck was loaded with bananas.10. inspire inspire vt. 鼓舞,激励,驱使(+to) inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事赋予.灵感,给.以启示 inspire sb. 赋予某人灵感激起,唤起(感情,思想等) inspire sth. in sb. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情 inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情inspired adj.受到鼓舞的inspiring adj.令人振奋的 inspiration n.灵感 His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。His speech inspired us to try again. 他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. 他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。The beautiful scenery inspired the composer. 美丽的景色使作曲家灵思泉涌。The sound of martial music is always inspiring. 军乐声总是令人振奋的。二、重点短语1. take it easy 沉住气, 不紧张, 慢慢来 Sit down and take it easy. Just take it easy and tell us exactly what happened. 知识拓展take things/ it easy 不着急, 放松, 不要紧张 take ones time 慢慢来, 不急, 或拖拉, 慢吞吞 The doctor told me to take things easy and stop working so hard. Theres no hurry; take your time.2.run out of 意为”用光; 耗尽”。如: It is very important that this organization does not run out of money. 这个组织没有用光钱, 这是很重要的。疑难辨析 run out, run out of run out是动副型短语动词, 作不及物动词, 表示”被用完了(become used up)”的被动含义, 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。例如: run out of 是三个词组成的短语动词, 作及物动词用, 后接宾语, 表示”用完(use up)”的主动含义, 主语只能是人。 run out of还有”从(某处)流出(跑出)”的意思; run out也有”流出, 跑出”的意义, 但其后不能接宾语。His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。I ran out of money after I finished shopping. 逛完街我用光了钱。He ran out of the room. 他跑出了房间。3. make up 形成、弥补; 补偿; 补足; 补(考)(2)拼凑成; 配制; 包装(3)编辑, 编制(4)虚构; 捏造(5)缝制(6)组成(7)调停; 和解(8)结算(帐目); 整理(房间等); 准备(床铺等); 包装(9)化装; 打扮辨别各句make up的意义1. They quarreled (with each other) but soon made up. _2. She made up her face to look prettier. _3. The boy made up a story; it was not true. _4. We need one more player to make up a team. _Keys: 1. 和解; 和好2. 化妆; 化装3. 虚构; 捏造4. 补足; 凑足 知识拓展make up for 补偿How can we make up to you for what you have suffered? 我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害? make up for lost time 补回失去的时间They hurried on to make up for lost time. 他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。4. hold onThey managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Hold on to your glass, Bob! 使劲抓住你的杯子, 鲍勃!知识拓展hold back 阻挡, 抑制 hold down 压制, 限制 hold forth 大发议论, 夸夸其谈 hold onto 紧紧抓住不放, 保住hold to 坚持, 信守, 忠于 hold sth. / sb. up 推迟, 使耽搁5. try out 试用, 试验His brothers example inspired him to try out for the football team. 他哥哥的榜样激励他去接受足球队的选拔测试。Please try out red wine. 请试试我们的红葡萄酒。She is raring to try out her new skates. 她很想试试她那双新溜冰鞋.6. let outIf the fuel is burnt, just heat is let out. 燃料如果被燃烧, 就放出热。The prisoners were let out to work in the garden. 囚犯们被放出到花园里去劳动。When the land was seen, the sailor let out a whoop of joy. 当看见陆地时, 那水手发出一声欢呼。三、重点句型1. What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.the way 引导定语从句有3种表达方式: the way that /The way in whichthe way (that)2. Where there is a will, there is a way.where 引导地点状语从句, 如:This is where I disagree with you. Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one_ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 答案解析: C you know是插入语; the one 先行词, where在定语从句中做地点状语。3.After you have done your homework, you can go out to play.本句中用现在完成时态代替将来时,强调动作的结果。四、 疑难辨析 区别ordinary /common/ usual /normal/ /universal/average1. Although Chairman Mao made great contributions to our country, he still claimed to be a/an_ person. 2. Thecriminalissaidtobe of _height. 3. Its_sense that water will become frozen under zero. 4. In _ cases, females live longer than males. 5. Whatsthe _ ideaofthe passage?6. Its _ true that parents care for their kids a lot.辨析ordinary多指普通的, 是相对于伟大的而言的, 我们说的 ”普通人” 只能用ordinary people, 相对于伟人而言的。common更多用于表示”常见的、经常发生的”这个意思。 例如: Pine trees are common plants in North Africa. Cold is a common disease in winter. “常识”这个词我们应稳中有个固定搭配common sense可以表示。usual指的是时间上从过往到现在一直如此, 其形容词形式usually常用于一般现在时中表示日常性的动作。in usual cases是个固定搭配, 表示在一般情况下。normal这个词修饰人时表示这个人生理上是正常的, 没有缺陷, 它是相对于disabled people而言的, 反义词是加否定前缀”ab, 构成abnormal一词。universal是从空间上讲的, 常用来修饰某个理论或想法等是”放之四海而皆准的”, 普遍真理是universal truth, 英文中有个句型是It is universally true that 傲慢与偏见中的第一句话就是: It is universally true that a wealthy man will have a wife.average指的是数字上平均, 例如平均分叫average score, 有三个词组应该掌握: on average(处于平均水平), below average(均分以下), above average(均分以上)。答案: (1)ordinary (2)average (3)common (4)usual (5)genera l(6)universally虚拟语气归纳第一部分: 语气的定义和种类1语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式, 表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2语气的种类、陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的, 用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊!、祈使语气: 表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Dont forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。、虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实, 而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟, 我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed! 祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。第二部分: 简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时, 表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中。如: . Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?. It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用”may+动词原形”表示祝愿, 但愿, 此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。、May good luck be yours! 祝你好运!、May you be happy! 祝你快乐!、May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就!、May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快。、May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。、May you be happy.(注意那个be)祝你幸福。2、用动词原形。例如: (1). Long live the people!人民万岁!(2). ”God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说: “愿上帝保佑你!”(3). Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形, 第三人称单数也不加”s”)(1). God save me. (2). Heaven help us. 四、表命令1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you), 而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号: !3. 虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(SimplePresent), 如: work, be, go4. 否定形式的命令语气, 可用助动词do, 加上not。(1). Work!(2). Work harder!(3). Be more alert!(虚拟语气动词Be)(4). You go out!(5). Do not work so hard. (do not表示否定的虚拟语气)(6). Dont be afraid.(口语中常用dont代替donot)五、在一些习惯表达中。如: (1). Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2). Id rather not tell you the secret. 我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第三部分: 名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节: 宾语从句(SubordinateClasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气, 常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为: 宾语从句的谓语be和were(was), 实义动词用过去式。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同) I knew the answer to the question. (wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. (wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird. (wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home. (wished, 过去虚拟动词were) (事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. (wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国, 他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us. (will wish, 过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为: 宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时, 或would,could,might+现在完成时。例: 1. I wish (that可省略, 下同) I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished, had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish, had + listened)(事实上并不如此)例题分析: I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept动词wish后面接从句, 表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to getup and come,所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以,选项A) could have slept是答案三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词would/should/could/might + 动词原形 (时间上较后) (请注意: 主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例: 1. I wish it would stop raining. (虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2. I wish you would be quiet. (would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3. You wished she would arrive the next day. (would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4. I wish she would change her mind. (would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵, 女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5. He will wish we would join him the following week. (would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起, 实际上还没在一起)四)、注意: 1. 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如: I wished I hadnt spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。2. 如果that从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见, 认为某事应该或不应该怎样, 这些词语后面的”that”从句应用虚拟语气, 且均以”should+动词原形”表示这种语气, 但事实上”should”常被省略, 故此从句中谓语动词用原形, 常用的此类动词有: 表示”要求”的: ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示”提议、劝告、建议”的: move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示”决定、命令”的: decide, order表示”主张”的: maintain, urge表示”同意、坚持”的: consent, insist例如: 1. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.2. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.3. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, ”The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时, 他说”剃刀和水就行了”。)4. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it didwork.(他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据, 直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)5. One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English-speaking country.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍, 其结构如: order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +.(should) do6. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.7. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.但注意: 在insist后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.8. She insists that she is right.9. She insisted that I should finish the work at once.或者说, suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时, 即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。10. The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错) 11. You pale face suggest that you (should) be ill.(对) 12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错) 13. I insisted that you (should) be wrong.(对) 14. I insisted that you were wrong.例题分析: 15. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock atnight.A. were not playedB. not be played C. not to playD. did not play全句意思是: “旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气, 即动词原形或”should动词原形”。本句的主语从句中, 主语radio是谓语动词play的客体, 谓语应当用被动语态。所以, 答案是C)notbeplayed。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气, 所以A)不正确。选项B)nottoplay是动词带to的不定式, 不能在句中作谓语。选项D)didnotplay也是动词play的过去时形式, 同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且, 它是主动语态形式, 而本题要用被动语态。精选练习题1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq.A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. has beenC. was D. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _. A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the SARS soon.A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent8. It is important that we _ wild animals.A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be11. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _. A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain.A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch17. “Have you ever been to Beijing?” “No, but I wish I _”A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _. A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed19. “What will you do during the summer holiday?” “I dont know, but its high time _ something.”A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow?A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow21. If only I _ my watch!A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose22. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made23. We _ the work on time without your help.A. hadnt had finished B. didnt have finished C. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished24. “Where have you been?” “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.”A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here25. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. were B. had been C. are D. should beUnit2单元测试卷第一卷(选择题 共85分)第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)1. Will you join us in the game? Thank you, _. A. but why not? B. but Id rather not. C. and I wontD. and Ill join.2. Could you turn the TV down a little bit? _.Is it disturbing you? A. Take it easy. B. Im sorry. C. Not a bit D. It depends3. Jim did very well. He _ two goals before half-time. A. had scored B. had kicked C. scored D. made4. If only we _ then the disease was curable. A. knew B. could know C. had known D. would have known5. If you _ my advice, you _ your failure now. You _ your victory. A. took. . wouldnt cry over. . would celebrate B. had taken. . wouldnt have cried over. . w