各种时态之间的区别.doc

精品文档各种时态之间的区别。一、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：A.过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”，一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。例如：I was reading the book at that time.(未读完，“读”的片段)；I read the book yesterday.(已读完，表整个“读”)。B.一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用。例如：He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复、连续发生，不可用一般过去时)。C.while 引导的时间状语从句中，用短暂动词时只能用进行时。例如：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.二、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)。A.表心理状态、情感的动词：love 、hate、like、care、respect 、please、prefer、know 等。若用进行时则词意改变。例如：Im for get ting it . (=beginning to forget )B.表存在、状态的动词，如：appear、exist、lie、remain、stand、seem等。C.表感觉的动词，如see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste等D.表一时性的动词accept、allow、admit、decide、end、refuse、promise等。示例 考题1 As she _the newspaper，Granny _ asleep.A. read /was falling B .was reading /fellC. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell .分析: 时间从句的动作长，而“入睡”动作短，故前者用过去进行时，而较短动词用一般过去时，选B。考题2 Tom _ into the house when no one _ .A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /lookedC. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked.分析：此题先要理解好when，表“此时”，说明主句中slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，即汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见，故选A为正确。三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态。现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果，与现在的情况有联系，对现在也有影响。需要特别注意的是：A.刚做过的事，用现在完成时态，当说明或者询问做事的时间、地点时，要用一般过去时。例如he has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday. 她看了那场足球赛，她是上周六看的。B.have / has been to a place. 表示某人曾经去过或者到过某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此地，或在去某地的路途中或者已经到了某地。例如：Frank has gone to Tibet. 弗兰克已经去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice. 弗兰克已经去过西藏2次了。经典考题：-Is that Jack speaking? -Sorry， he isnt in right now. He_the cinema with his aunt.A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to (显然Jack不在现场，答案选B)四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别：过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点， 而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，与现在无关，是过去的过去。I have finished my homework. (表示说话时作业已经做完了)By four oclock， I had finished my homework.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在语法上的区别：如ie， arrive， come， go， join， leave， buy， begin， get， start， become， borrow 等均为瞬间动词，在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。He has joined the army.他参军了。He has been in the army for a year.他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)He joined the army a year ago.(用过去时)经典考题：LinLin has come. He_ here for half an hour.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has gone D. has been(把come转化成be here， 答案选D) 五、三种一般将来时的区别1.will +动词原形构成的将来时表示主观意愿，未经事先精心计划或打算.可用于各种人称.Eg1. There is someone at the door. I will go and open it .Eg2. Who will go and help that poor old man ?2.be going to +动词原形强调计划，安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事.Eg1.He is going to buy a new car next week.Eg2.Look at the dark clouds， I think it is going to rain soon.3.shall +动词原形构成的将来时主语通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +动词原形构成的将来时代替，但在疑问句中Shall I./ Shall we.? 常用来征求对方意见.Eg1. Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow?Eg2. When shall we meet?4.用于条件句时， be going to 表将来；will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey， youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes， we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.六、“过去时态”与“宾语从句”(直接引语变间接引语)宾语从句有三个要点：1.语序：一律使用陈述语序，也就是：(主句) 连词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语+.2.引导词：若从句来源于一个陈述句，那么，连词用that，在口语中that可以省略;若从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词则用if 或whether;若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句，则连词就是疑问词(如what，who，where，when等)3.时态：如果主句是现在时，从句则用现在某一时态，甚至可以用过去时；例：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)如果主句是过去时，从句则相应地使用过去某一时态，遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。例：The teacher asked the