完形填空整体理解学案.doc

潍坊市高三复习研讨会交流材料完形填空的整体理解学案 学案特点：1. 注重完型填空的思路考察，重点针对语篇整体理解。2. 重视细化文章的题材及篇章结构分析。3. 选材典型，重点突出训练项目。课前延伸完形填空（Cloze Test）完形填空题是一种集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题，旨在测试学生的综合应用语言能力，同时又检测他们的分析判断能力和连贯性思维能力。一、命题特点1考查目的完形填空是对一篇语意完整的短文有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在重新理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个空格的被选选项做出尽可能合理的分析判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。2选材要求1）250-350词的文章；2）体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议的文章居多，同时也会考查到议论文和说明文；3）从题材上看，多选用贴近学生实际，贴近生活实际的事例或道理；4）短文逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，文章具有知识性的同时有时含有较深的寓意、哲理，容易使习惯于字面理解的考生失误。3考查特点1） 突出语篇的理解，强调语言运用。20个小题中有三分之二的选项考查语篇理解，正确理解文章大意是解题的基础；2）首句一般不设空，选项设计独具匠心；3）辨析词义，以考查实词为主。4题目类型 (Types)1）联系文章主题或上下文信息；2）联系生活常识或背景知识；3）根据文章行文结构或行文逻辑（转折、对比、让步、因果、递进、比较等等）；4）词义或短语辨析；5）习惯用法或固定搭配；6）语法或句子结构的理解。5命题预测1）题材、体裁、题型设置以及选项设置将继续保持以前的特点；2）材料将继续选用英语文化背景下的文章；3）纯语法题将会继续减少，对语法的考查将体现在考生对长难句和一些语言现象的理解上；4）生词量保持稳定，对词汇的考查将体现在文章中或选项中的生词障碍上，同时文章中和选项中都会体现一些常用词义的延伸和拓展的考查，还会加大结合上下文情景及背景知识进行词义辨析的题目；5）对理解能力的考查将体现在正确的英语思维能力、合理的推理判断能力、高度的概括大意能力及准确的把握论点从而解决词义辨析题的能力上。二、解题步骤 1. 细读首句，预测主题 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视篇尾句前后呼应的作用。2. 跳读全文，领会大意 要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，跳过空格，快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。这是正确选择的基础，也是做题的关键。切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。这是因为完形填空主要考察对语境的理解，若是在没有弄清短文大意的情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备选项的干扰而偏离主题，一错到底。3. 通读全文，试选答案 根据全文大意，以全文为背景，把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在的句子中试填，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示转折或对比；besides, moreover, what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理结果。平时练习中要注意分辨这类词的细微差别，这样才有利于保证选项的准确性。要弄清空格处待填的是什么词、起何作用，同时也要注意习惯表达，语法知识等，从而筛选出符合文意的选项。4. 细读全文，推敲难题 有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法”。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误 。课内探究本节学习目标：通过学习完型填空的几个策略，学会准确掌握文章大意。养成做完型填空的良好习惯，“在用中学，在学中用”，积累词汇和短语。 学生感悟，总结提升，体验成就感。实战演练解题方针： （上下求索，前呼后应，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼 ）完形填空所选文章叙述灵活，重语境，经常出现作者态度与观点的跳跃和变换，增加了情景的干扰性和迷惑性，强调对语境的依赖。因此，要找准作者的记叙方向，体会人物的心理、态度与观点，把握细节，在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，做出选择。课内探究自主学习与合作探究（一）I. Read the passage and try to answer the questions:(2006年山东高考)One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm. At 16, I like 36 better than driving our truck, 37 this time I was not happy. My father had told me Ive to ask to credit (赊帐) at the store.Sixteen is a 38 age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly 39 of racial discrimination was 40 a fact of life. Id seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while the store owner 41 whether they were “good for it”. I knew black youths like me who were 42 like thieves by the store clerk each time they went into a grocery.My family was 43.We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us?At Daviss store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded 45 I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I brought my 46 to the cash desk, I said 47, “I need to put this on credit.”The farmer gave me an amused, distrustful 48. But Bucks face didnt change. “Sure,” he said, 49. “Your daddy is 50 good for it.” He 51 to the other man . “This here is one of James Williams sons.”The farmer nodded in a neighborly 52 I was filled with pride. James Williams son. Those three words had opened a door to an adults respect and trust. That day I discovered that the good name my parents had 53 brought our whole family the respect of our neighbors. Everyone knew what to 54 from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself 55 much to do wrong.Questions:1. Is the writer a black boy? How do you know the fact?2. Why was the writer not happy to drive the truck this time? 3. Whats the meaning of “racial discrimination” in paragraph 2？4. Were the black youth treated equally as others? How does they feel when they go to the score to buy things?5. Did the writers family have a good reputation in the neighborhood?What did the writer get from the good name of his family?6. Describe the psychological changes of the writer. 7. Which sentence impresses you most/Whats the most important sentence? And why?II. Summary Try to sum up the story in Chinese.自主学习与合作探究（二）III. Choose the best answers according to your understanding:36. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything37. A. and B. so C. but D. for38. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful39. A. intention B. shadow C. habit D. faith40. A. thus B. just C. still D. ever41. A. guessed B. suspected C. questioned D. figured42. A. watched B. caught C. dismissed D. accused43. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest44. A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust45. A. until B. as C. once D. since46. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites47. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully48. A. look B. stare C. response D. comment49. A. patiently B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly50. A. generally B. never C. sometimes D. always51. A. pointed B. replied C. turned D. introduced52. A. sense B. way C. degree D. mood53. A. earned B. deserved C. given D. used54. A. receive B. expect C. collect D. require55. A. very B. so C. how D. too自主学习与合作探究（三）IV. Discussion Discuss the answers in groups and find the evidence to support the idea.教师点拨_.V. Words and phrases accumulation1. credit n.赊购，赊欠 High interest rates make credit expensive. 由于利率高，赊购并不划算。to ones credit 值得赞扬2. charity n.慈善， 慈悲， 慈爱， 慷慨 ，慈善团体Many charities sent money to help the victims of the femine.3. racial discrimination 种族歧视This is a clear case of racial discrimination against blacks.4. grocery store 杂货店5.hardware/ 五金品(锅 钉 锁/ 硬件 software软件6. decent adj 适度的，得体的That dress is not very decent./ That was quite a decent lunch.VI. 学生感悟：.课后提升I. Read the passage and try to answer the questions:My father spending a weekend away with my adult son, I was so impressed by his generous heart that I sent him this letter. Dear son, I want to thank you for teaching me a very 36 lesson in life by the great example you 37 . When we were eating at that caf in Bondi and a person who had 38 his hamburger didnt have enough money to pay for it, without any 39 , you went over and put the 40 $2 into his hand. When we were leaving, you 41 threw a five-cent coin onto the pavement and said 42 like, “Some kid will really enjoy 43 this.” Last week, a young man 44 me in the line at a petrol station didnt have 45 money to pay for his petrol. I asked the money collector, “How much 46 is he?” She told me he had meant to put $15 of petrol in his car 47 he had been looking at the wrong gauge(计量表) and had put in 15 48 , which came to just over 49 . That is an easy mistake 50 both gauges run fast. Something made me think of you and 51 you did that night at the caf in Bondi. I handed the man $6. He was so 52 and said, “But why would you do this for me?” I just smiled as I thought of you. Thank you, son, for teaching me that “its 53 to give than receive”. Now when I see a five-cent coin on the 54 and want to pick it up, I think of you and leave it 55 , just in case some kid will get a kick out of finding it. Love always, Mum1. What kind of person is the writers son? 2. If you eat in a cafe, what will you do before your food is served?3. The man we met in the cafe didnt have any money, did he ?4. Why do you think the writer mentioned her experience after she had seen what her son had done?5. Why did her son throw a five cent coin on the pavement?6. How much did the young man have when he went to add some petrol?7. Why did the writer handed the young man 6 ?8. Why did the young man have to pay 21 ins