定语从句讲座教案.doc

2011年全国中学生英语能力竞赛赛前培训培训内容：主从复合句之定语从句培训时间：2011年11月7日主讲教师：英语组 姜玉敏主从复合句之定语从句一、句子的种类：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：由一套主语和谓语构成；并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列构成，常用and ,but, so 等并列连词连接。复合句：是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，往往可以独立存在；而从句仅是句子的一个成分，故不能独立存在，必须有一 个关联词引导。二：主从复合句的分类和比较 名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句）三、引导从句的关联词共有七类：1） 从属连词 ：有 whether ,when, although, because, if 等。I dont know if he will come.2) 疑问代词 ： who ,whom, whose, which ,what 等。I dont know what you mean .3) 疑问副词 ：when ,where ,how ,why等。I asked him where he was going to stay. 4）关系代词：who, whom , whose, which, that what 等，主要引导定语从句。The young man who is standing there is my English teacher.5) 关系副词：when, where, why.也可以引导定语从句。That was the time when we stayed together.6) 复合连接代词：what ,whatever, whoever, whichever 等。You can do whatever you like.7) 复合连接副词：wherever, whenever, however 等。You can come whenever it is possible.四、定语从句讲解（一）、.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. It is a kind of household appliances that can keep food fresh.2. Its a kind of red flowers, which can represent love.1 关系代词：主格宾格所有格指代人Who that Whom who that Whose 指代物Which that Which that Whose / of which 注：1. 关系代词为宾语时可以省略。 2. 关系代词紧跟在介词后，只能使用whom或which。2关系副词：在从句中充当状语When（时间）:in which, on which 等 where（地点）: in which , on which等 why（原因）: for which （方式） 介词+which/ whom引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下：主格宾格所有格指代人whoWhom who whose指代物Which Which Whose of which 4. 非限制性定语从句可以指代整个主句, 连接词只可用which或as（二）、that的特殊用法1先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词（last）或表示强调的词(only/ very/ just/ right)2先行词为不定代词 （all、 much、little、 few、none、some、 something、anything、 everything、nothing） 3先行词被every、each、all、any、little 、few、no、some等修饰时 4先行词为人和物的词组 5引导词在从句中做表语。 6句中有which、 who、 注：当先行词是代词he、they或不定代词anyone、those等时,关系代词用who.（三）、关系副词的用法 （四）、介词+关系代词结构:1) 名词+ of which/ whom =whose+名词 表示一种所属关系（在名称前通常有定冠词修饰）2) 数词+ of which/ whom（数词还可以被some , many, most , each等不定代词替换）表示一种部分与整体的关系。 3) 非限定从中 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom （指人）4) which，whose还可修饰一个名词，作这个名词的定语。（五）、几个特殊先行词后的定语从句（situation, occasion, point）We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to.（六）、as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别：Many people, as you know, are learning foreign languages.The weather turned out fine, as we had expected.Mary didnt pass the driving test, Which made her very sad.as非定中,谓动通常是表感觉和心理活动的词：see, hear, know, expect,guess, hope, remember（七）、几组相似结构： the same +先行词+as 和the same+先行词+ that的区别such+先行词+as 和such that 的区别：（八）、定语从句与强调结构的区别 定语从句与状语从句的区别 定从与同位语从句的区别（九）、特殊定语从句及其与其他句式的对比五、定语从句阅读材料（一）、.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. It is a kind of household appliances that can keep food fresh.2. Its a kind of red flowers, which can represent love.(二)、that的特殊用法I will tell you something that happened one night. I felt lonely at home, so the only thing that I could do was to see a film, which is very meaningful. Although this is not the first English film that I have ever seen, this is the most moving film that has been shown in the cinema. The things and persons that I saw in the film will be unforgettable. I can remember almost every scene that appeared in the film. After seeing the film, I have learned a lot. I feel that I am not the person that I used to be. The film is very famous, which is known to us. Do you want to know the name of the film about which I told you just now? Which is the film that you like most (三)、关系副词的用法1. Ill never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.2. Ill never forget the days when (on which) I joined the army.3. This is the reason which he gave me for doing it.4. Do you know the reason why he came late?5. You can see the way in which his mind works when he reads his books.6. Is there any way that can be found to solve the problem?7. It is the house that was built two years ago.8. It is the house where I was born.(四)、介词+关系代词结构1) The house , the gate of which faces south, belongs to the Smith.= The house , whose gate faces south, belongs to the Smith.Mr Smith, the house of whom was robbed, reported it to the police.= Mr Smith, whose house was robbed, reported it to the police.2) The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.= The buses, of which most were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.I met some foreigners yesterday, two of whom are from the US.= I met some foreigners yesterday, of whom two are from the US.3) Mr.Green, for whom money is not a problem now, still lives a simple life. They arrived at a small town, from which it is only a short way to Shanghai.4) He got to the station at five yesterday afternoon, by which time the trains to Beijing had all left. This is Mr Brown, by whose car I came to New York.(五)、几个特殊先行词后的定语从句（situation, occasion, point）We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to.(六)、as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别：Many people, as you know, are learning foreign languages.The weather turned out fine, as we had expected.Mary didnt pass the driving test, Which made her very sad.(七)、几组相似结构：I bought the same coat as he presented to you. （同样的 ）He is the same person that you are looking for. （同一个）They talked in such simple English that children could understand it .They talked in such simple English as children could understand.(八)、定语从句与强调句型及其他从句的比较It is Shanghai where you were born.（定） It is in Shanghai that you were born.（强）It was 1949 when new China was founded（定） It was in 1949 that new China was founded.（强）She kept everything where she could find it. （状语从句）Shanghai is the place where you spent your childhood. （定语从句）Youll tell me the news that youve been admitted to key universities.（同位语从句）Youll tell me the news that can make me excited. （定语从句）(九)、特殊定语从句及其与其他句式的对比1. He is one of the boys who play the piano very well.He is the only one of the boys who plays the piano very well.2. As is known to us, Bell invented the telephone.It is known to us that Bell invented the telephone.3. Mr White has three sons, all of whom are doctors. Mr White has three sons, and all of them are doctors.4. This is so touching a story as I have read three times. This is so touching a story that I have read three times.六、定语从句巩固练习：练习（1）1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years. A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14.This is Mr. Smith, _I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. asB. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _interested me most was the Gnat Wall. A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. thatC. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _the judge gave a prize is the teacher _I have been taught painting for two years. A.from whom; by whom B.to whom; who C.from whom; who D.to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours. A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue. A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. tha C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and _ could help him to kill the time. A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, wed brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the very bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. which45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you would fail A. when B. that C. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where50. She was not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. who C. that D. where练习（2）1、 “Who Moved My Cheese?”, is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson. （2002海淀） A. which B. that C. it D. what2、Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. （2000全国）A. who B. which C. this D. what3、A football fan is has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something thatC. a person who D. what4、The train she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that5、- Have you read the books? - Yes. Ive read all the books you gave me.（2003东城）A. which B. that C. what D. who6、Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others, of course, makes the others unhappy. （2003长春） A. who B. which C. she D. that7、The writer has written quite a few books now, his teachers and parents didnt expect. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 8、Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?（2002上海春季）A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained9、In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m. , many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which10、They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom11、The buses, were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most12、- I want to choose a university to study here. Would you should look at the support the university that youre interested in as an overseas student. （2003东北三校）A. what can offer you B. can offer you what C. can offer you D. what you can offer13、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, was true. （2001北京春季）A. he B. this C. which D. who14、 , the compass was first made in China. A. It is known to all B. As is known to all C. We all know D. As is known to all15、It is the very place the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago. （2003重庆） A. that B. which C. where D. there16、Only those knew well could be let in.（2003连云港）A. who B. that C. what D. he17、The famous basketball star, tried to make a come back, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who18、I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who19、Is this the museum you visited the other day? A. thatB. what C. in which D. the one20、America has more than fifty states, , Kentucky, is the place Abraham Lincoln was born. （2003黄冈）A. one of them; where B. one of which; where C. one of that; which D. one of which; which21、In that supermarket on sale is a new type of computer, makes it attractive to the students from poor family. （2003南京）A. which B. whose cheap price C. what D. the low price of which22、He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been23、I dont like you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which24、The Second World War millions people were killed ended in 1945. A. when B. during that C. in which D. which 25、Whenever I speak to him, was fairly often, he would talk on and on without giving me a chance to speak. （2003东北三校）A. which B. what C. that D. when26、The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries. （2002朝阳）A. as B. that C. so D. it27、He was very rude to the Customs officer, of course made things even worse. （1999上海）A. he B. Whom C. what D. which28、A child parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which29、We found some precious jars and vases in an ancient tomb, , you know, are valuable. A. even the pieces of which B. which even pieces C. even the pieces of it D whose even pieces30、I dont like you speak to her. （1996上海）A. the way B. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which31、Is this museum some German friends visited last Wednesd