宾语从句教学案(NEW)-底板.docx

宾语从句 说出两个句子的宾语：He knew you.He said that he knew you.第一个句子的宾语是一个单词构成的，第二个句子的宾语是一个句子，我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由连词（从属连词，连接代词或连接副词）来引导。一、宾语从句中的主句和从句练习1：说出下面4个句子中的主句和从句。A. He said that he knew you.他说他认识你。 B. He asked me why I had come here.他问我为什么来这里。 C. I asked him what he wanted.我问他要什么。 D. Could you tell me if/whether they are all League members?你是否能告诉我他们都是团员吗？ 总结：宾语从句的结构：主句+连接词+从句二、宾语从句中的引导词。1从属连词that：由that引导的宾语从句，（陈述句）在口语正式文体中常省略that。 例如： He said(that) he would be back. 他说他将回来。 We knew (that) he had made a mistake. 我们知道他犯了一个错误。 在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。 例如： I am sure that I have posted the letter.（be sure that+宾语从句）我的确把那封信寄了。 I am afraid that you are right. （be afraid that+宾语从句）恐怕你是对的。 结构：主句+that+从句（陈述句语序）2由从属连词whether 或if引导的宾语从句。 （翻译“是否”，原句是一般疑问句）I dont know whether/ if this bike is hers. 我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。 Can you tell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990? 你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？ 一般情况下两者可以互换，（区别weather,if不是“如果”，而是“是否”）但如果有以下情况只能使用weatherI dout know whether or not it rains.I dont care of whether he is handsome.Please tell me whether to go or stay.结构：主句+whetherif+从句（陈述句语序）3. 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。（这些词一般有：who，what，which，when， why， where，how long，How much） 练习2：找出下列句子中引导词。a) Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? 你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？ b) Do you know whose child he is? 你知道他是谁的孩子吗？ c) I cant find out why the machine doesnt work well. 我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。 d) Do you remember what the teacher said at the class meeting yesterday. 你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗？ e) Could you tell me how long it will take me to get to the hospital from here? 你能告诉我从这里到医院需要多长时间吗？ f) I want to know which medicine he has taken. 我要知道他服了哪种药。 g) Please tell me who called me just now. 请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。 h) I dont know whom they are speaking to. 我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。 i) He asked me where they were born. 他问我他们出生在哪里。 j) Do you remember how much you paid for the coat? 你记得你买这件外衣付了多少钱吗？ 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station?Do you knoe when he will come?三宾语从句中的语序： 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife?” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.总结：宾语从句中从句必须用陈述句的语序，即主谓宾结构。四宾语从句中的时态：宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致。1、当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。 例如： He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor. 他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。 Ill tell you what I am doing (did/shall do). 或将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。 2、当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)1） 从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。 例如： I thought he was old. 我认为他老了。 He wanted to know who she was waiting for. 他想知道她在等谁。 2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。 例如： He said that he had finished reading the book. 他说他看完了这本书。 3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。 例如： She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. 她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。 I wasnt sure if it would rain. 我没有把握是否会下雨。 3、从句表示普通真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. 老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。 五、宾语从句中的否定前置现象。在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。 例如： I dont think you are right.（不用I think you are not right.）我认为你不对。 I dont believe she will take part in the English evening.（不用I believe she will not take part in the English evening.）我相信她不会参加英语晚会1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she livesC. where did she liveD. where she lived（北京市中考试题）2. Would you please tell me _?（上海市徐汇区中考试题）A. when did he come homeB. where he w