六年级英语复习资料.doc

冀教版六年级英语复习材料语法复习要点归纳不规则动词的一些变化规则不规则动词的变化规则作了归纳整理，分为以下几类，便于同学们更好地记忆。1 三种动词形式变化（即原形，过去式，过去分词）一致的cast-cast-cast cost-cost-costcut-cut-cut hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt let-let-letset-set-setshut-shut-shutbroadcast-broadcast-broadcastbet-bet-betburst-burst-burst putput-putshed-shed-shedrid-rid-ridspread-spread-spreadread-read-readread这个单词的过去式和过去分词虽然形式上和动词原形是一致的，但是发音有所变化，/ri:d/-/red/-/red/。2. 省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-tweep-wept-weptsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-sweptcreep-crept-creptfeel-felt-feltkneel-knelt-kneltsmell-smelt-smeltdwell-dwelt-dweltspell-spelt-speltspill-spilt-spilt这一类动词也有一个特点，那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll；同样的，也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则，我们把它归入此类，不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d例外的动词也有，比如:swell-swelled-swelled/swollen3省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个，speed-sped-spedfeed-fed-fedbleed-bled-bledmeet-met-metshoot-shot-shotlead-led-ledmislead-misled-misledplead-pled-pled这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾，中间的字母组合多数是-ee，当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。4. 把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-tsend-sent-sentlend-lent-lentbend-bent-bentrend-rent-rentspend-spent-spentbuild-built-built这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词5动词原形中有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的，过去式中把这些组合改成-ew，过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-nblow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-throwndraw-drew-drawn 这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是，flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词，而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词，而动词flow是一个规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed:fly-flew-flownflow-flowed-flowed另外，有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed，过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如：show-showed-shownsow-sowed-sown hew-hewed-hewnmow-mowed-mownsew-sewed-sewn6原形动词中含有字母组合-ind的，在过去式和过去分词中都变成-oundfind-found-foundwind-wound-woundbind-bound-boundgrind-ground-ground当然，这一类动词中也有一些例外，比如，mind就是一个规则变化的动词。7动词原形中有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink，过去式中把字母-i变成-a，过去分词中把-i变成-ubegin-began-begunsing-sang-sungring-rang-rungspring-sprang-sprungsink-sank-sunkdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum 这里，我们把swim也归入了此类动词，而像link这个动词也是例外，是一个规则变化的动词。而think是另一种变化的不规则动词，可以参看第九点。此外，以-ing结尾的不规则动词，还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u，过去式和过去分词一致,例如：cling-clung-clungfling-flung-flungsting-stung-stungstring-strung-strungswing-swung-swungsling-slung-slung 另外，动词shrink既可以归入此类中的上面一种情况shrink-shrank-shrunk，也可以归入后一种情况shrink-shrunk-shrunk，而slink只属于后一种情况，slink-slunk-slunk8不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的，过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-dmean-meant-meantleanleant-leantlearn-learnt-learntdream-dreamt-dreamtburn-burnt-burntdeal-dealt-dealtspoil-spoilt-spoilthear-heard-heard这类动词大多有两种方式变化，既可以在词尾加-t，也可以加-ed,例如：learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned过去式和过去分词都有-ought的think-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtseek-sought-sought另外有两个动词，原形动词以-ch结尾的，过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught10. 动词原形是以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的，一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o，过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-narise-arose-arisenrise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenwrite-wrote-writtensmite-smote-smittendrive-drove-drivenstrive-strove-strivengive-gave-given这里我们把give也将就归纳入内了。另一种情况是，过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e，然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的，例如：hide-hid-hiddenbite-bit-bitten2 |动词slide的变化又有点不一样，slide-slid-slid。11.动词原形中有-ea或者-ee或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词，动词过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o，然后在词尾加-e，过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如：break-broke-brokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenweave-wove-woventread-trod-troddenfreeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosenwake-woke-wokenawake-awoke-awoken这里我们把wake和它的同根词也归入其中。动词leave是一个例外leave-left-left12.动词原形中有字母组合-ay的，过去式和过去分词改成-aid,例如：say-said-said pay-paid-paidlay-laid-laid当然，may是一个例外，may-might-might13.情态动词只有过去式的变化will-wouldcan-couldshall-shouldmay在这一类中还是一个例外,may-might-might14.变动动词原形中的元音字母的win-won-wondig-dug-dugspin-spun-spunstick-stuck-stuckhang-hung-hung(悬挂)hold-held-heldsit-sat-satspit-spat-spatshine-shone-shone15.另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合，变化相同的，因为例子较少，我们把它们列在一起，作为一组一组来记忆。shake-shook-shakenforsake-forsook-forsaken(make是例外，make-made-made，take-took-takenbake是规则变化）mistake-mistook-mistakenwear-wore-wornbear-bore-borntear-tore-torn(例外的动词fear, hear等)swear-swore-swornsell-sold-soldtell-told-toldstand-stood-stoodunderstand-understood-understoodmisunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstoodcome-came-comebecome-became-becometovercome-overcame-overcomeget-got-gottenforget-forgot-forgottengo-went-goneundergo-underwent-undergon要补充说明一点的是，不规则动词加了前缀之后，它的变化和它的同根词变化相同。例如：do-did-doneoverdo-overdid-overdone还有一点建议给大家，在记忆不规则动词时，最好把三个形式作为一个整体来记忆，这样印象会比较深刻，在做题目和自己运用时才不会出错。而且尚有一些还无法归类的动词，只能靠大家死记硬背了lie-lay-lain (tie,die规则变化)run-ran-runbeat-beat-beatenstrike-struck-struck一、名词复数规则变化：1) 一般在名词词尾加s， mapmaps地图，birdbirds鸟，orangeoranges 桔子，bikebikes自行车；2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es， boxboxes盒子，classclasses班级，watchwatches手表， dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具；3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es photophotos相片 radioradios收音机 zoozoos动物园tomatotomatoes西红柿 potatopotatoes土豆4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i+es babybabies婴儿 familyfamilies家庭；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s boyboys男孩 toytoys 玩具；5) 以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为ves knifeknives小刀wifewives妻子leafleaves树叶。名词复数的不规则变化不规则变化1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形 如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japaneseli，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. news 是不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼动词第三人称单数和名词变化相同。但是以“o”结尾的一半加“es”动词过去式：直接加ed : looked played直接加d : decided united变y加ied : carried cried双写辅音字母：stopped begged其他为不规则变化：begin - began / see - saw一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping四、be going to1be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2肯定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形？如：What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形？如：Who is going to play football?五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-satLesson 1 At the airport一、能按要求写出下列单词：suitcase(复数)suitcases, arrive(过去式)arrived, live(单数第三人称)lives, want(单数第三人称)wants,come(现在分词)coming,five(序数词)fifth二、 课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. at 表示“在某处”，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。如：at school 在学校，at home 在家2. This is “这是某某”这句型在这里用来介绍他人。常用于第一次见面中。如：Hi! Lynn! 嗨！林！This is my friend, Wang Lin. 这是我的朋友，王林。3. want 想要 want to do sth. 想干某事 如：I want to see him./ I want to go home.4. What time是特殊疑问词，用来提问时间，特指具体几点钟。What time is it? Its 11:30.5. Did you have a good trip? Yes,thanks.6. Lets go home./ Let me help you.7. learn EnglishLesson 2 Jennys house一、会说会读会写单词：kitchen, room, bathroom, bedroom, living room二、 课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. This is / That is / These are/ Here is/ Here are2. Whats in the bedroom?3. 名词性物主代词mine, yours的用法。Lesson 3 Making breakfast一、 会说会读会写单词：stove, refrigerator, sink,二、能按要求写出下列单词：make(现在分词)-making, dish(复数)-dishes，cook(现在分词)-cooking三、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Time for breakfast.= Its time for breakfast.2. Its time for sth./ Its time to do sth.3. Would like sth./ Would like to do sth.4. What would you like for breakfast / lunch/supper? I would like5. Breakfast is ready.6. in the kitchen / refrigerator /sink on the stove / table7. wash dishesLesson 4 In the bathroom一、 会说会读会写单词：bathtub, mine, yours, shower, clean, dirty二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. A is mine. / B is yours.2. Where is Li Ming? He is in the living room. / Where are the dishes? They are on the table.3. help sb(to) do sth. 如：Can you help me learn English?/ Lets help Mum make breakfast.4. on 用于特指的某一天（上午、下午等）。如：on Sunday / on Friday / on Monday morning5. in the bathroom6. take a shower / take a bath7. brush teethLesson 5 Making supper一、 会说会读会写单词：dry, wet,二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Time for supper. / Time for lunch. / Time for class./ Whats for supper?2. What are you doing? / We are washing hands. / She is making supper. / We are drying dishes.3. You can dry your dishes. / The dishes are dry.4. Lets wash the dishes.5. May I help you? Sure.Lesson 6 In the living room一、能按要求写出下列单词：watch(现在分词)-watching, sit(现在分词)-sitting, read(现在分词)-reading, write(现在分词)-writing, quiet(副词)quietly, loud(副词)-loudly, do(现在分词)-doing, play(现在分词)-playing, couch二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. What are you doing? / What are they doing?2. watch TV / read the newspaper3. Whats in the living room?4. What else can you find in the living room?5. Do you see a book?6. in the corner.7. Everyone in the living room is quiet.Lesson 7-Lesson8一、 句型：1. Is this a bathtub or a shower? Its a shower.2. Are these shoes yours or mine? They are mine.3. Lets make cards./ Lets make lunch.4. I am writing a letter.(play cards / wash dishes / dry the dishes)(前面已出现过的知识点，在这里不再重复。)Lesson 9 On the school bus一、能按要求写出下列单词：always,usually, sometimes, never, bus stop, bus driver, school bus二、能按要求写出下列单词：boot(复数)boots, umbrella(复数)umbrellas, wet(反义词)dry,三、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. 祈使句：Dont go there./ Dont forget your boots and umbrellas.2. 频率副词用法：一般都放在行为动词之前，助动词和情态动词之后。如：He never wears dresses./ I never walk.4. I live too far from school.5. on the school bus.6. Do you usually go to school by ?7. 注意下列动词的单三形式：do-does, go-goes, wash-washes, watch-watches, teach-teachesLesson 10 Li Ming meets Jennys class一、能按要求写出下列单词： kilometer(复数)kilometres, same(反义词)different二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Where are you from?I am from China.2. Is that far from?3. Do you like?4. Whats the name of your city?5. at home6. When did you come to? I came on Friday.7. Can you speak English?Lesson 11 Mr.Wood teaches a lesson一、会说会读会写单词：temperature, shape, line, circle, square, triangle,二、能按要求写出下列单词：degree(复数)degrees,hot（反义词）cold,outside（反义词）inside三、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Hows the weather today? Its rainy.2. Whats the temperature? Its ten degrees.3. Whats your favourite shape? My favourite shape is a circle./ I dont have a favourite.I like all the shapes.4. How many lines make a triangle?Lesson 12 How many are there?一、能按要求写出下列单词：pencil(复数)-pencils, stamp(复数)-stamps, dress(复数)-dresses, dish(复数)-dishes, bus(复数)-buses, man(复数)-men, woman(复数)-women, child(复数)-children二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. This is a / These are (some/many) 2. Here is a / Here are (some/many) 3. How many pens are there?Lesson 13 Always do your homework!一、能按要求写出下列单词： wear(同音词)where二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Do you always? / Does he usually?2. walk to school / help his mother / ride my bike / do your homework3. the same questions4. Lets putfor/ Lets putinLesson 14 Lets sing a new song!一、掌握短语：play the guitar, play the piano, go inside to play, down the street二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. I like/love to sing.2. Who likes to sing? / Who can ?3. Time to sing.4. I didnt know that.5. I want you to sing softly.6.掌握形容词loud、soft和副词loudly、softly的用法。Lesson 15 - Lesson16一、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Lets play a game.2. Are you ready for?3. How did you do?4. in Canada / on a rainy day / make a chart / read a book / sing a song5. How many triangles do you see?6. by bus / take the bus7. I know.8. There is a/ There are (some/many)9. My family lives in an apartment.10. many people(前面已出现过的知识点，在这里不再重复。)Lesson 17 Seasons一、会说会读会写单词： spring, summer, fall, winter, scarf, ice, sun ，rain ，wind ，snow ，winter jacket / winter clothes二、能按要求写出下列单词：season(复数)-seasons, leaf(复数)-leaves, rain(形容词)rainy, wind(形容词)windy, sun(形容词)sunny, snow(形容词)snowy三、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. What a hot, sunny day!2. put on / take off3. put on 表示穿的动作，wear表示“穿着”的状态。如：Please put on your sweater. / He wears a red jacket today.4. There are four seasons in a year.5. I like the rain, but I dont like to get wet.6. What do you wear in winter / spring / summer / fall?Lesson 18 Snow! Its winter!一、会说会读会写单词：mittens / mitts,二、能按要求写出下列单词：skate(现在分词)skating, ski(现在分词)skiing, teach(对应词)learn， nine(序数词)ninth二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. November ninth2. Jenny and Li Ming are getting ready for school.3. Snow is falling.4. What a cold ,snowy day!5. Look out (of) the window! 朝窗外看！6. Look out! 当心，小心！7. What do you like to do in winter?8. I like to skate on the ice. / I like to ski on the snow.9. Can you skate? / Can you teach me?10. I want to learn.Lesson 19 Dannys winter clothes一、能按要求写出下列单词：outside(反义词)inside, like(单三)likes, love(单三)loves, forget(过去式)forgot, put(现在分词)putting，take(现在分词)taking二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. I am going to 2. I want to go outside to play in the snow.3. Why? Because its cold outside.4. Lets go outside! / Lets go inside!5. There he comes.吆，他来了。/ There! 瞧Lesson 20 Winter fun一、 能按要求写出下列单词：snowman(复数) snowmen, snowball(复数)snowballs, stick(复数)sticks, rock(复数)rocks, small(比较级)smaller二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Do you know what a snowman is?2. make a face / make a big ball of snow / make snowmen / make a snowman3. puton/ puton top4. I think I can.5. What else do you do in winter in China?6. I have two sticks for his arms.7. A is smaller than B.Lesson 21 A skating lesson一、会说会读会写单词：think, skate二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. a skating lesson / a skiing lesson.2. Can you skate forwards? / skate to sb.3. a pair of skates. / put on your skates. / put them on.4. Danny is walking forwards / backwards.5. turn around6.Li Ming skates backwards slowly.7.stand up / come on / fall down8. teach sb to do sth.9. You learn fast.Lesson 22 I like winter一、会说会读会写单词：wind, rain, sun , snow, splash, fun, favourite二、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Whats your favourite ?2. Is winter your favourite season?3. I like to do sth.4. ski on the snow. / splash in the rain. / sit in the sun./ play in the wind.5. Do you like to do sth?6. run in the park. / ride a bike down the street. / fly kites in the wind.7. I love spring,do you?8. Temperatures are cool.9. I see my friends at school.Lesson 23- Lesson24一、课文重点、难点、疑点解析：1. Are you ready to listen?2. What season is this?(前面已出现过的知识点，在这里不再重复。)Lesson 25 Christmas is coming一、会说会读会写单词：Christmas, Christmas tree(s), Christmas lig