高一英语状语从句基础过关整理.doc

英语必修3状语从句基础知识过关状语从句： 指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 一、时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当。的时候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.while当。时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as在。的同时；一边。一边。He smiled as he stood up.4.after在。之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在。之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一。就。We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since 自。以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr. Green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark./ Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.9. by the time 到。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. / By the time I got to school, the class had already began.难点as .when .while的辨析as .when. while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。一边的意思as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时用于发生时间较段时:when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。2、whenand then; at that moment (正在那个时候) while 1、用于时间较长时 2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。It was raining hard when (as) I got there.( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he called me. ( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when ) / When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. (从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态) / He was about to leave, when the telephone rang. ( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替 ) 考点 : She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. (while表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它) 考点While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)考点Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away. (此时as ,when, while可通用)知识扩展1. it is since从。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last time.2. it is +before(。才) It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。 It was an hour before(until) the police arrived.过了一个小时，警察才来。二、条件状语从句要点： 表示条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2. You will get good grades if you study hard.3. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.4. You will be late unless you leave immediately.(=if you dont leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.一般将来时， 一般现在时They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week.一般将来时, 一般现在时 考点三、原因状语从句要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导1. I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.4. I asked her to stay to tea, for i had something to tell her.难点because , since , as , for,辨析在语气上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 时只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 进一步说明.(译为：由于，既然). for 被认为是复合句的并列连词(常用于推断),表示理由.四、地点状语从句要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导.知识扩展1. Where there is a will , there is a way.(谚语)1. It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled. (在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)2. Wherever you go, I go too. (wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。3. Wherever there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4. While she was wondering where to go, she met a policeman. 疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语. 考点五、目的，结果状语从句要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。结果状语从句由连词( so )that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat引导。1.sothat 如此以至于The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.He always studied so hard that he made great progress.2.so that 以至, 以便Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)3. suchthat 如此。以至 Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.4.in order that=so that:为了 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. (目的)难点 : So+形容词或副词such+形+a(an)+单数可数名词so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +thatso+much或 little+不可数名词 So that ,suchthat 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 (见例句 2, 5 ) so +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. The weather is so nice that Id like to take a walk. / Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.(=mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 考点There are so few notebooks that i cant give you any. / It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk. 考点六、让步状语从句要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.难点：though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. although,(though)but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)yet(still)的格式是正确的.Although he is rich but he is not happy.() Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.()Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children. ()Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. ()although, though 辨析although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.He is looking fit, though. 考点Even though I didnt under a word, I kept smiling. / He is quite experienced, he is young, though.七、比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级1. asas 和。一样Jack is as tall as bob. 2. not so(as)as 和不一样She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.比较级morethan (更 ) This book is more instructive than that one.最高级1.the mostin/of This book is the most interesting of the three. 2. the + 形容词+estof/in This road is the busiest street in our city. 知识扩展no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。Its no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。not more than不如。；(前者不如后者)Jack is not more diligent than john.捷克不如约翰勤奋。 one of the + 名词(复数).之一(用于最高级)John is one of the best students in our school. 练习一、用when , while ,as soon as, notuntil 填空1. The car hit the man _ he was crossing the road.2. Ill tell you the good news_ I get there.3. He _ go to bed _11oclock last night.4. The accident happened _ I was on my way to work.5. Sports build the body_ reading builds the mind.6. I used to be rather quite_ I was young.二、用although , though, however填空1. They got to the airport on time_ the traffic was bad.2. We had a wonderful time _ the food was terrible.3. Some people think winter is a bad season. _, for me its a good time because I like cold, rainy weather.三、用because, since, so that, if填空1._ were young, we shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.2. The weather was _ nice _ I spent the whole day in the park.3. He couldnt come to your party_ he was ill.4._ I were you, I would wear that earrings.四、填入适当的引导词1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America.2. He wont be here _ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. We found the key _ she had left it.5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left.7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. She sang _ she went along.五、 改错1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had to s