高一英语辅导讲义.docx

以turn为中心的词组givea new turn to 对予以新的看法in ones turn 轮到某人做某事out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的take ones turn to do 轮到做turn a blind eye to 对视而不见turn against背叛，采取敌对态度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turn into 走进；变成，变为turn to for help 求助于turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn ones attention to 把注意力转向turn out培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策turn to 变成；着手于turnupside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.1.According to the passage, Elias Howe was_.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really workedD. the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was_.A. what kind of thread to useB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needleD. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because_.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howes best friendsD. he also had difficulty in falling asleep4.Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because_.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningD. only specially trained people can understand themBLanguage learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners .Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these cant be said to show the babys intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .5.Before children start speaking_.A.they need equal amount of listeningB.they need different amounts of listeningC.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructionsD.they cant understand and obey the adults oral instructions6.Children who start speaking late _.A. may have problems with their listeningB. probably do not hear enough language spoken around themC. usually pay close attention to what they hearD. often take a long time in learning to listen properly7.A babys first noises are _.A.an expression of his moods and feelingsB.an early form of languageC.a sign that he means to tell you somethingD.an imitation of the speech of adults8.The problem of deciding at what point a babys imitations can be considered as speech_.A.is important because words have different meanings for different peopleB.is not especially important because the changeover takes place graduallyC.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with ageD.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because childrens use of words is often meaningless高中英语写作开头写法：1）对立法：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。1 When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.当被问及道.的话题，大多数人认为，但是我却持有一点反对意见。2 When it comes to ., some people believe that. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.一提到.一些人相信.然后另一部分人却不这么认为。这两种观点都有相对正确的地方，但我更倾向于前者（后者）3 Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that. They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.现在，普遍的观点认为.他们坚信.但我对此却表示怀疑.2）现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。1 Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.近来有个现象（问题）不断发生.并且已经受到公众广泛关注。2 Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of .has been brought into focus/into public attention.最近关于.的现象（问题）已经进入了公众的视线。3 Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.通货膨胀（腐败、社会不平等社会问题）已经成为了新的可怕的真相，使我们不得不持续地面对。3）观点法：开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。1 Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.现在越来越多的人已经开始意识到.2 Now there is a(n) growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.越来越多人已经意识到.的必要性3 Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .现在人们已经不断地密切关注.的重要性4 Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.是时候应该对用一种新的观点（态度）来看待.了4）引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点！1 Knowledge is power. This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.“知识就是力量”这是培根的名言，正被越来越多的人分享。2 Education is not complete with graduation. This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.“教育不应该随着毕业而结束。”这是一个著名的美国哲学家的观点，现在越来越多人分享着他的名言。3 . We often hear statements/words like those/this.我们经常听到这句名言.4 We often hear such traditional complains as this .我们经常听到这句古训.5）比较法：通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。1 For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ., people .多年来，普遍认为的观点是.但是现在人们正用一种新的眼光看.随着.的