2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲：专题8定语从句（北师大版）.doc

专题八 定语从句一、概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。The old man who / whom / that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.其中所饰名词即the old man 称为先行词， 引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词(如上句中的who / whom / that)。关系词的用法与选择须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。下面分类讲解它们的用法。二、用法 定语从句常用引导词有：that, which, who, whose, as, where, when, why。1that 指人或物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.The student that won the first prize is our monitor.2which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)These are the trees which were planted last year.Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?3who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown.He is the man who I want to work with.4whose 指人或物，作定语，表示“的”，可转换为“of 关系代词”。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.I saw some trees whose leaves were black.5注意that和which的区别(1)先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, something, no, some, any, few, one等时，关系代词只能用that。We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.(2)先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，用that。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.(3)先行词被序数词或者the only(唯一的)，the very(正是那个)，the last修饰时，用that。The first book that I read last night was an English novel.(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.(5)以疑问词(who, which, what)开头的疑问句，为避免重复，用 that。Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?(6)关系代词放在介词之后，指物时只能用which，不能用that。This is the factory in which we once worked.(7)非限制性定语从句中，指代物或一种情况时，用which，不能用that。This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried.6关系副词 when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词， 在定语从句中充当时间状语。Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.7关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.8关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.高考预测限制性定语从句(介词which / whom) “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which和whom。先行词是物时，用介词 which；是人时，用介词 whom。介词后面的关系代词不能省略。1注意介词的选取： (1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。I called him by the wrong name, for which I should apologize. Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? (2)根据定语从句意思的需要，不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。We depend on the land from which we get our food.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? (3)根据意思也可用复杂介词，如：by means of，as a result of，in front of，in the back of，all of，most of，none of，the taller of等。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a difficult problem in mathematics.2注意代词的选取： 在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指代事物就用which；如果指代人则用whom。This is the reason for which he was put in prison.Tom has three brothers, one of whom is a singer. 3注意关系代词的可替换性： 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。This is the factory in which I once worked.(in which可where替换)I have forgotten the exact date on which this country became independent.(on which可when替换) 4注意“介词 where”引导的定语从句： 有时我们可以见到“介词 where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city.5“复合介词短语关系代词which / whom”引导的定语从句作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓常需倒装。They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat a small boy.I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.6名词 of which，或者of which 名词，代替whose 名词，在定语从句中作定语。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which( whose price) was very reasonable.7介词 which (指物)/ whose (指人)名词。该结构中，只能用关系代词which，不能用whom。which单独起形容词作用，修饰它后面的名词。He might be ill, in which case we can not wait for him.The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【考点】考查非限定性定语从句。【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【2011上海卷) 39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【考点】此题考察定语从句的引导词。【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【答案】C【考点】考察定语从句【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。【2011福建卷）33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhenCsinceDberore【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，2011。【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【考点】考察定语从句。【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。【2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案】C【考点】本题考察定语从句中复合关系代词的用法。【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose2答案B考点定语从句解析先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which答案A考点考查定语从句。解析该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what答案A考点考查定语从句。解析先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What答案C考点本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。10山东Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which答案C考点此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句解析考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that答案C考点考查定语从句。解析句意：你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barbers 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。10四川After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where答案B考点考查定语从句。解析此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”10全国As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that答案A考点此题考查非限定性定语从句。解析句意：还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。10江苏The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which答案D考点定语从句解析定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙100陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose答案D考点考查定语从句。解析所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。10全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what答案B考点定语从句。解析不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。10湖北My mother was so proud of all _（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)答案that I had done考点定语从句解析先行词是 “all”的时候, 定语从句只能由 “that”引导, 又因为主句是一般过去时, “我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情, 所以要用过去完成时。10湖北_(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)答案As we have stressed考点非限定性定语从句解析当句子以整个主句作为先行词, 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导, 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语10北京Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 答案B考点本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。解析不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。10重庆In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that答案C考点考查定语从句。解析development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是：在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。10浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those答案A考点本题考查定语从句引导词。解析由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。09山东Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 答案B考点本题考查连词的用法,解析不论何时遇见她, 她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼,这是非常经常的事。考查非限制性定语从句, 从句_ was fairly often插在主句中的时间状语从句后, 关系代词which可代替主句整个句子的意思并在从句中作主语。答案B。09全国IShe brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these答案C考点考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。解析句意为：她带着她的三个朋友, 他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示 “部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。09江苏Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since答案B考点考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。解析由于金融危机, 当地五星级酒店一晚收费6000元的日子不复存在了。when引导的从句做days的定语。09天津A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever答案C考点考查定语从句,解析如果一个人的邮箱帐户满了, 就不能收发邮件。根据句意判断, 关系代词whose替代先行词a person作从句中主语的定语。答案C。09陕西Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which答案C考点考查定语从句,解析枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。先行词是Gun control, 指物, 关系词在从句中做介词的宾语, 介词前置, 介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth, 选C。09上海Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now Ks5uA. where B. when C. there D. which Ks5u答案A考点考查定语从句的用法。解析句意为：莫扎特出生的地方和他作曲“魔笛”的房间现在都是博物馆了。先行词the house在句中作地点状语, 需加介词in, wherein which。答案A。09江西The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案B考点本题考查定语从句。解析我小时候住过的那房子已经被推倒, 取而代之的是一幢办公楼。I grew up _作主语the house的定语从句, 省略了关系代词that或which, 因此判断空格处该填介词in；若把空格移到I前, 则D（in which）是正确答案。答案B。09安徽Many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the villageAtheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom答案B考点本题考查定语从句。解析许多父母离家在大城市工作的小孩在村里得到很好的照顾。先行词是children, 关系代词whose引导定语从句并在从句中作定语。答案B。09四川Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 答案D考点考查定语从句。解析她永远也忘不了她在那儿逗留期间, 在那时她找到了两年前走失的儿子。先行词her stay与介词during搭配在从句中作时间状语。答案D。09辽宁Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 答案D考点考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。解析此处意思是 “他们赢得了最后的三场比赛, 我觉得这确实有点让人意外”, which代替上句 “Theyve won their last three matches”做find的宾语, 选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中, B, C此处没有他们的意思。09福建Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 答案D考点考查定语从句。解析先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。09浙江I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why答案B考点考查定语从句。解析我已经达到人生的一个转折点, 在这转折点, 我得自己拿主意。考查定语从句。先行词是point, 与介词at搭配在从句中作状语。whereat this point。答案B。09重庆Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 答案D考点考查定语从句。解析人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。先行词race在定语从句中作地点状语需加介词in, 因此用where。答案D。09湖南I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose答案D考点考查定语从句。解析我出生在路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良市, 这是一个看到它的名字就会在我们脑海里浮现出一副绿树成荫、青草萋萋的画面的城市。先行词city在从句中作name的定语, 因此填whose。答案D。09全国My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 答案A考点考查非限制性定语从句解析我朋友带我参观这小镇, 他这么做真是一个好人。这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。09北京What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 答案A考点考查定语从句。解析鲍勃, 你觉得教书怎么样？我觉得这是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。先行词job与介词in搭配在从句中作地点状语, in whichwhere。答案A。08全国The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that答案C考点考查定语从句。解析句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的, 这超出了我们的想象。which引导非限制性定语从句, which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。08北京Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where答案D考点考查定语从句。解析由于先行词是home address表示地点, 故定语从句中的关系词应为where。08安徽All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that答案B考点考查非限制性定语从句解析句意为：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已, 在这个家庭里, 父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。family后跟非限制性定语从句, 此处缺少地点状语, 故用where。08江西Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which答案A考点考查定语从句。解析这个从句应是定语从句, 先行词是前面的cases, 空白处在从句中作状语, 应用where引导, 指抽象的地点, 意为 “在这些案例中”。08湖南The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are bey