高中状语从句及练习.docx

时间状语从句一、常见的从属连词有： when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如：Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.（1）when, while, as以及的区别：1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）2)while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rangThey were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldnt .注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中： was/were doingwhen（正在做突然） was/were about to dowhen（刚要做突然） was/were on the point of doingwhen(刚要做突然) had just donewhen.(刚一就) Hardly/Scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就)(2)before与afterbefore引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就)2.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就)3.We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才)4.Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就)当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back. Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced. After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. (3)till (until) 和nottill (until)1） till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到为止“如：He remained there till/until she arrived.2） nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到才”如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.3） notuntil还有强调式和倒装式：强调句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.倒装句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed.（部分倒装）(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：I have been in Beijing since you left. Where have you been since I last saw you? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.其他句型：1） It was +时间点+when（当的时候时间是）It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.2） It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才)It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.3） It is /has been +时间段+since（自从以来有）It is/has been 3 years since we last met.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了)（5）as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.(6)由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. (7)every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当.，每次.；下次”等。Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie. You grow younger every time I see you. 练习题1. It was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless2. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4.We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5. I recognized you _ I saw you at the airport.A. the moment B. while C. after D. once6. He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang.A. while B. as C. before D. when7._I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until8. _ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) _ they saw the guard.A. the moment B. after C. before D. as10. No sooner had I arrived home _ it began to rain.A. when B. while C. as D. than11. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.A. as B. before C. since D. when12. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be ; know D. is; know13. What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving15. _ got into the room _ the telephone rang.A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; then D. Not had he; when16. No sooner had he finished his talk _ he was surrounded by the workers.A. as B. then C. than D. when17. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once18. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time19. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate20. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered.A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared答案：CBBBA DACAD BCDBB CBCCD地点状语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地点状语从句常用的引导词有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等。 Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.注意：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需用先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.（where引导地点状语从句）Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.（where引导定语从句，修饰village）Youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.（状语从句）Youdbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.（定语从句）where引导的地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句，只要在where前加上 “to/in/from+theplace/places/anyplace(s)等”结构即可。练习：考题1 Mom, what did the doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where考题2 In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering.A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever考题3 If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A. in which B. what C. when D. where答案：DDD原因状语从句1、 because、why引导的原因状语从句，because“因为”，表示直接的原因，语气最强；why提问的句子，必须用because回答。because的从句常放在主句之后。because不能与so连用。because+从句；becauseof+名词短语。ImissedthetrainbecauseIgotuplate.Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.-Whydidnthecomeyesterday?-Becausehewasill.2、as“因为”，语气较弱，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogotherewithouthim.Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.3、since/nowthat“既然”，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。Since/Nowthatthismethoddoesntwork,letstryanother.Since/Nowthatyoufeelill,youdbetternotgotowork.4、for引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析并列连词for“因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.练习一、选择恰当的答案1.Themancantgetonthebus_thereisnoroomonit.A.thoughB.becauseC.untilDsothat2._herdaughterhadntcomeback,_shelookedworried.A.Because,/B.Because,soC.Though,butD.Though,/3._youvegotachance,youmightmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas4.Hefounditdifficulttoread,_hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or5.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,_achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.soB.butC.andD.for二、填入恰当的连词1._youdonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.2._Janewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.3.Hemustbeill,_heisabsenttoday.4.Theteachermustbestrictwithyou_theywantyoutomakegreatprogress.5._yourfatheriswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout.6.Thedaybreaks,_thebirdsaresinging.7._youareill,you hadbettergotoseethedoctor.8._shewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.答案1、选B。引导原因状语从句的连词：because,as,since，nowthatB、because,as,since和nowthat的区别：1、because：“因为”，表示直接的原因，语气最强。1）why提问的句子，必须用because回答。2）because的从句常放在主句之后。3）because不能与so连用。4）because+从句；becauseof+名词短语2、选A。as：“因为”，语气较弱，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。3、选A。since/nowthat：“既然”，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。4、选B。for引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析：并列连词for“因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。5、选D。一、1.since2.As3.for4.because5.Since6.for7.Since8.As结果状语从句在主句中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，通常位于主句之后，常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有：that,so,sothat,so.that.,suchthat,such.that.等。1.sothat引导的结果状语从句sothat既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句，在引导目的状语从句时，从句中往往含有一些如can/could/may/might/will/would/shall等的情态动词；而引导结果状语从句时，里面通常不需要用情态动词。Wemovedtothecountrysothatwewereawayfromthenoisyanddullcity.Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothatthestudentsatthebackheardhim.2.so.that.引导的结果状语从句so+形容词/副词+that从句Lisalefthomesohurriedlythatshelefthercellphonehome.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句Tomissokindaboythattheyallliketomakefriendswithhim.so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句Thereissolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup. 3.such.that.引导的结果状语从句such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim. such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswer.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldntfinishtheworkontime.so.that.与such.that.的区别1） so是副词，其修饰的中心词是形容词、副词；such是形容词，其修饰的中心词是名词。Hespokesofastthatnooneunderstandhim.Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.2）名词前有many,much,few,little等修饰时用so。Hegotsolittlemoneythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfare.他的工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。2） 单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时用so或such均可，但在so.that中，不定冠词位于形容词后，在such.that中不定冠词位于形容词之前。Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.注意：为了强调形容词或副词，so/such.that.引导的结果状语从句，可把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒装语序。Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallintosleep. 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether.or.,whether.ornot,whatever,nomatterwhat/how/why等。1.though/although引导的让步状语从句1）although和though意义相同，都意为“虽然，即使”，表示让步，一般情况下可互换使用，区别在于although语气较重，大多置于句首。2）though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更加强调对比性，但不可出现but。注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidnt,though.2.eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，常常意为“再退一步说”。eventhough更强调对“既成事实”的让步：Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.) evenif则强调对“假设”的让步。Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。3.as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首,作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwontbuyit,foritstooexpensive.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。Smartthough/assheis,shedoesntstudyhard.Thoughsheissmart,shedoesntstudyhard. Althoughsheissmart,shedoesntstudyhard.4.whether.or/whether(.)ornot引导的让步状语从句whether.or/whether(.)ornot表示“不论是否”“不管是.还是”之意。该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Youllhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryourefreeorbusy. Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itstrue.5.while引导的让步状语从句while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。WhileIlikethecolor,Idontliketheshape.WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Icantagreewithyou. 6.what-ever类词引导的让步状语从句在英语中，wh-ever类词可作疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。这类词在引导让步状语从句时常可换成“nomatter+wh-词”，但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。Illwaitforyouhowever(nomatterhow)lateitis.Whoever(Nomatter)youare,youmustkeepthelaw.注意：“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而wh-ever类词还可以引导名词性从句或其他状语从句。Illeatwhateveryougiveme.（what引导宾语从句）Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.（whoever引导主语从句）条件状语从句在主句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有：if,unless,as/solongas,once,incase,onconditionthat,supposing(that),providing(that),provided(that),given(that)等。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，现在完成时表示将来完成时。1.if引导的条件状语从句if是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词，表示在某种条件下很可能发生某事。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.2.unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非，若不”。Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier. Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.3.oncondition(that)引导的条件状语从句oncondition(that)引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件，意为“在.条件下”Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.Iwilldoitonconditionthatyouhelpme.4.supposing/provided等引导的条件状语从句supposing/providing/provided/given(that)可以用作连词，意为“如果”，引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。Supposing(that)itrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided(that)youpromisenottotellanyoneelse,Illtellyouthedetails.5.incase引导的条件状语从句incase引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。 Incasehecomes,tellhimtowaitawhile. Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.6.as/solongas引导的条件状语从句，as/solongas意思是“只要”Solongasyourehappy,itdoesntmatterwhatyoudo. As/Solongaswedontloseheart,wellovercomeanydifficulty.7.once引导的条件状语从句once是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦，一.就”，从句可置于主句前或后。Oncevirtueislost,allislost.Onceyoushowanyfear,thedogwillattackyou.方式状语从句在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句常用的引导词有as,asif/though等。1.as引导方式状语从句。YoumustdotheexperimentasIdo. Youarefinejustasyouare.2.asif/though引导方式状语从句。1）asif/though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气：Sheclosedhereyesasifshewastired.（事实，谓语用陈述语气）2）如果从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸张性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。（现在的情况用过去的时态，过去的情况用过去完成时。）Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif/thoughtheyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们从未存在过。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）注意：asif/though也可以引导一个分词短语，不定式短语或无动词短语。Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime. Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.比较状语从句在主句中作比较状语的从句称为比较状语从句，一般位于句尾。比较状语从句常用as.as,notas/so.as.,than等连词引导。“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”结构也可引导比较状语从句。1.同级比较1）同级比较常用“as.as.”结构。HespeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.2）不同级比较常用“notas/so.as.”结构。 Hishandwritingisnotasgoodasyours(is).HedoesntspeakEnglishaswellasyoudo.3.差级或最高级比较差级或最高级比较常用结构.than.。Hewasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.Hecanearnnomoremoneythanyoucan.4.比较关系的状语从句比较关系的状语从句常用结构为“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake. Thesooneryouareback,thebetteritwillbe.注意：what/as也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.Enginesaretomachineswhat/asheartsaretoanimals. 目的状语从句在主句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句。常用来引导目的状语从句的有so,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that),forthepurposethat,lest等。1.inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便.；为了.”，它们引导的状语从句中需要用情态动词如may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.inorderthat常用于正式文体，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后。Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.sothat引导的