中学生VOA英语阅读之研究显示巴基斯坦女性未成年婚姻高于男性.docx

中学生VOA英语阅读之研究显示巴基斯坦女性未成年婚姻高于男性Study: Underage Marriage Higher for Females Than Males in PakistanRaeena was 14-years-old when she was married to a man 21 years her senior.Raeena在14岁时嫁给了一个比她大21岁的男人。She moved in with her husbands family with little idea of what a marriage means or what was expected of her.他搬进了他丈夫的家，对婚姻意味着什么，或者对婚姻的期盼没有多少想法。In a society where a familys honor is often linked to female sexuality, her mother felt pressured to marry her off early.在这个社会里，家族荣誉经常在性别上和女性相连，她的妈妈觉得备受压力，很早就把她嫁了出去。“I was worried about my honor.”It was not her age to be married, but I was worried about her fathers honor as well. That is why I got her married off.”“我很担心我的名声。”“这还不是她嫁人的年龄，但是我也担心他父亲的名誉。这也是为什么我把她嫁出去的原因。“Her case is not unique. Hundreds of thousands of girls across the country are getting married every year before they are physically or psychologically ready for it.她的情况并非个例。全国有成百上千的少女每年都在生理或者心理尚未发展成熟时结婚。While child marriage is an issue for both sexes, a recent research study carried out by the child advocacy group Plan International suggests females in Pakistan marry at a significantly younger age than males, sometimes they are married off as early as their first menstrual cycle.虽然童婚对男女两性都是问题，一份由国际儿童宣传计划组织最近的研究显示，巴基斯坦的女性结婚年龄比男性早很多，有时她们在第一次月经来临时就嫁人了。Getting accurately data on how many brides or grooms are underage is difficult in a country where birth records are often manipulated. UNICEF posts the figure of under 18 marriages at 21 percent.获得关于未成年新郎新娘数量的准确数据是困难的，尤其是在出生记录经常被操纵的国家中。联合国儿童基金会发布的数据显示十八岁以下的婚姻占21%。But Local activists insist the true figure particularly in rural areas is as high as 60 or 70 percent, especially for girls.但是当地的活动家坚持真实的数据-尤其是在农村地区-高达60%或者70%，尤其是女孩。Activists blame the practice on a lack of awareness, poverty and perceptions about a females role in society.A son is considered a potential wage earner while a daughter is considered a financial burden.活动家指责缺少意识，贫穷还有认知女性在社会中地位的行为。一个儿子被认为是潜在的收入者，而一个女儿则被认为是一种经济负担。They say little thought is given to problem early marriages can create down the road.他们说质疑早婚的观点很少。“Often the girl, the mother, dies during child birth.” The poor thing is often herself only 13 or 14 years old and not capable of becoming a mother. Then dealing with the mother-in-law, the sister-in-law, the extended family system. She is not capable of handling all of this.”“女孩，母亲经常在生育时死亡。”“可怜的是她们自己经常只有十三四岁，而且没能力成为一个母亲。之后处理婆婆，妯娌，大家庭的关系。她没能力处理所有这些。”Awareness campaigns by the government and non-government organizations have helped, but child rights advocates say real long term change is not possible without easier access to education and employment for girls.政府和非政府组织的意识活动起到了作用，但是儿童权利拥护者表示真正的长期改变在没有更便利的女性教育和雇佣途径条件下是不可能的。单词及例句详解1 married mrid已婚的；与结为夫妻的；婚姻的；例句1.A buxom widow must be eithermarried,buried or shut up in a convent.寡妇门前是非多。2.He hadnt beenmarriedfor long when he realized he had caught a tartar.他结婚不久，就察觉到娶了一个泼妇。3.Its beyond me why hemarriedher.他怎么会娶了她，这我就不懂了。2 senior si:nj（级别、地位等）较高的；资深的；年长的；美最高年级的；例句1.Honours were automatically awarded toseniorofficials just because they weresenior.荣誉顺理成章地授予资深官员，就因为他们资格老。2.Lying north of the church is a girlsseniorhigh school.位于这座教堂以北的是一所女子高中。3.He is myseniorby two years.他比我大两岁。3 marriage mrid结婚；婚姻生活；密切结合；合并；例句1.Amarriagehas been announced between Mr. White and Miss Brown.怀特先生和布朗小姐已宣布结婚。2.His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since hismarriage.他结婚之后性格判若两人。3.Hismarriageis full of happiness.他的婚姻生活很幸福。4mean英 mi:n 美 min v.表示的意思; 意思是; 打算; 产生结果adj.吝啬的; 刻薄的; 破旧的; 残忍的n.平均数; 中间; 几何平均; 等比中数变形复数：means过去式：meant过去分词：meant现在分词：meaning第三人称单数：means比较级：meaner最高级：meanest例句1.When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。2.What do you mean? I asked, offended on Liddies behalf.“你什么意思啊？”我问，替利迪感到愤愤不平。3.This will mean more remand prisoners being held in police cells.这将意味着更多候审犯人会被拘押在警局拘留室。5 honor n(r)尊敬；敬意；荣誉；光荣；例句1.The dictionary authorizes the two spellings and quot;honor and quot; and and quot;honour. and quot;.字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。2.I consider it a greathonorto be invited to dinner.我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。3.The soldiers brave deeds brought himhonorand glory.士兵的勇敢事迹为他带来了荣耀和赞美。6link英 lk 美 lk n.环，节; 计算机链接; 关联，关系vt.连结; 挽住，勾住vi.用环连接; 联系在一起变形复数：links过去式：linked过去分词：linked现在分词：linking第三人称单数：links例句1.He suggested a link between class size and test results of seven-year-olds.他认为7岁大的学生的测试分数和班级的规模有关系。2.Something must have gone wrong with the satellite link.卫星连接一定出了毛病。3.Theres a good British Rail link at Clapham Junction.在克拉珀姆枢纽站有条很不错的英国铁路线。7sexuality英 sekulti 美 skulti n.性别，有性状态; 性欲; 性生活; 性兴趣例句1.In Britain, the growing discussion of womens sexuality raised its own disquiet.在英国，对女性性欲的讨论日趋高涨，使得这一讨论本身就开始引起了不安。2.He believes he has been discriminated against because of his sexuality.他认为他的性取向令他一直备受歧视。3.Melanie Griffith seems to smoulder with sexuality.梅拉妮格里菲思显得很性感。8pressure英 pre(r) 美 pr n.压（力）; 压力; 气压（或血压）（的缩略形式）; 压（迫）感vi.施加压力; 迫使; 使（机舱等）增压变形复数：pressures过去式：pressured过去分词：pressured现在分词：pressuring第三人称单数：pressures例句1.The government wilted in the face of such powerful pressure.政府面对如此大的压力，失去了信心。2.He is being constantly monitored with regular checks on his blood pressure.他被实时监测，定时量血压。3.He was under pressure to resign and was about to be sidelined.他承受着被迫辞职的压力，很快就要被排挤出去了。9 case keis（实）例，事例；情况，状况；诉讼（事件），案件，判例；容器（箱，盒）；例句1.Acasein point is the recent events.最近的事件就是明证。2.In yourcase, we are prepared to be lenient.根据你的情况，我们拟予从宽处理3.The goods have beencasedup for transport.货物已装箱待运。10 unique jni:k唯一的，仅有的；独一无二的，独特的；不平常的，特别的；超绝；例句1.All rare and unique items were scanned for duplicates.答：所有rare,unique的装备将被检查是否被复制过。2.The episode could reasonably serve as auniqueepic of royal espionage!这一事件理所当然地堪称是国王间谍活动的的独一无二的史诗。3.The elephants trunk is auniqueappendage.象的鼻子是一种独特的附肢。11 physically fzkl体格上，身体上；物理上； and lt;非正 and gt;完全地；例句1.It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.从生理结构上而言，猪是不可能抬头看天的。2.A LAN is a system of computers and associated peripherals such as Printers that arephysicallyconnected by cable within a limited geographical area-typically in an office building or on a college campus.局域网就是在一个有限的地域范围内，典型的如在办公大楼或校园中，将计算机及相关外设(如打印机)用电缆进行物理连结而组成的一个系统。3.Woman isphysicallybut not mentally weaker than man.女子在体力上而不是智力上比男子弱。12psychological英 sakldkl 美 sakl:dkl adj.心理的; 精神上的，精神（现象）的; 心理学（上）的; 关于心理学的例句1.John received constant physical and psychological abuse from his father.约翰不断遭到父亲身体和心理上的双重虐待。2.Psychological twists perk up an otherwise predictable story line.心理转折使原本老套的故事情节变得生动有趣。3.Even minor head injuries can cause long-lasting psychological effects.即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。13 issue u:问题；（报刊的）期，号；发行物；流出；例句1.The Special issue managing is associated with issue creating and issue querying.专刊管理实现创建专刊、查询专刊。2.The leadership of the movement are in agreement on thisissue.这一运动的领导层对这个问题的看法一致。3.The government adopted an uncompromising posture on theissueof independence.政府在独立的问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。14advocacy英 dvksi 美 dvksi n.支持; 辩护; 辩护术; 辩护业变形复数：advocacies1.I support your advocacy of free trade.我支持你自由贸易的主张。2.She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名.3.He is insistent on the advocacy of new scientific methods.他坚持提倡新的科学方法.15significant英 sgnfknt 美 snfknt adj.重要的; 有意义的; 有重大意义的; 值得注意的n.有意义的事物; 象征，标志例句1.Todays Security Council resolution will be a significant success for American diplomacy.今天的安理会决议对于美国外交而言是一次重大的成功。2.The learners attention needs to be directed to the significant features.需要将学习者的注意力引向那些着重点上。3.The company looks poised to make a significant breakthrough in China.这家公司看来很有把握在中国取得重大突破。16 males melz男人，雄性动物，雄性植物( male的名词复数 )；例句1.The female images convert from traditionally looking upwards males to looking flatly, overlooking and overstepping males.女性形象则由传统的仰视男性向平视、俯瞰、超越男性的转变。2.The customer profile shows our average buyer to bemale, aged25-30, and employed in the service industry.顾客简介表明我们的普通买主是在服务业工作的，年龄在2530岁的男性。3.Sterile. Used ofmales.不能生育的。指雄性17 menstrual menstrul月经的；每月的；例句1.Gynecology: Menopause barriers, menstrual cramps, menstrual flow, and milk secretion insufficiency, high prolactin hyperlipidemia.妇科：更年期障碍、经痛、月经不顺、乳汁分泌不全、高催乳激素血症。2.Abnormally heavy or extendedmenstrualflow.月经过多异常多或长时间的月经来潮18cycle英 sakl 美 sakl n.循环，周期; 自行车; 时代，一段时间; 整套vi.周而复始，循环; 骑自行车; 轮转vt.运转，循环; 使轮转变形复数：cycles过去式：cycled过去分词：cycled现在分词：cycling第三人称单数：cycles例句1.Eddie parked his cycle against a lamp post and padlocked it.埃迪把他的自行车靠在路灯柱上，用挂锁锁好。2.There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along.有很多可以骑车的宁静小路。3.The figures marked the final low point of the present economic cycle.这些数据显示了目前经济周期的最低点。19 accurately kjrtl正确无误地，准确地；精确地；如实；例句1.I dont play accurately-any one can play accurately-but I play with wonderful expression.音不在准，准不为精，精在传神。2.It is virtually impossible to predict the futureaccurately.精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。3.His work is difficult to labelaccurately.他的工作很难准确归类。20 data deit资料，材料；datum的复数；计算机数据，资料；从科学实验中提取的价值；例句1.Data processing is the series of operations that are carried out ondata.数据处理是按照数据而进行的一系列运算。21bride英 brad 美 brad n.新娘，即将（或刚刚）结婚的女子; 姑娘变形复数：brides例句1.The bridesfamily were scheming to prevent a wedding.新娘家人正密谋阻止婚礼。2.Brian winked at his bride-to-be.布赖恩向他的准新娘使了个眼色。3.a toast to the bride and groom向新娘新郎祝酒22groom英 gru:m 美 rum, rm vt.使整洁; 使（动物）清洁; 准备n.新郎; 马夫; 王室侍从官; 古男仆vi.打扮变形复数：grooms过去式：groomed过去分词：groomed现在分词：grooming第三人称单数：grooms例句1.a toast to the bride and groom向新娘新郎祝酒2.The bride and groom drink cross - cupped wine from one anothers glasses.新郎新娘喝交杯酒.3.The groom looks very smart.新郎长得很帅.23underage英 ndred 美 ndrd n.缺乏，久缺adj.未成年的，未到法定年龄的例句1.Underage youths can obtain alcohol from their older friends.未到法定年龄的青少年可以从年龄较大的朋友那里弄到酒。2.He was convicted of having unlawful sex with an underage girl.他被判定与一名未成年少女发生非法性行为.3.Im sure adults and underage all have their own share of troubles.我知道不管是成年人还是孩子都有自己的烦恼.24birth英 b: 美 b:r n.出生; 分娩; 起源; 出身变形复数：births1.I had obtained the authentic details about the birth of the organization.我已经掌握了有关该组织诞生的可靠的详细资料。2.The birth of a live healthy baby is a truly blessed event.一个健康活泼的婴儿的出生真是一件可喜的事情。3.Condoms are an effective method of birth control if used with care.如果使用得当，避孕套是很有效的避孕手段。25manipulate英 mnpjulet 美 mnpjlet vt.操作，处理; 巧妙地控制; 操纵; 医 推拿，调整变形过去式：manipulated过去分词：manipulated现在分词：manipulating第三人称单数：manipulates例句1.She was unable, for once, to control and manipulate events.她仅有一次没能控制和处理好局势。2.She uses her charm to manipulate people.她利用自身的魅力来摆布别人。3.The treasurer was arrested for trying to manipulate the companys financial records.财务主管由于试图窜改公司财政帐目而被拘留.26figure英 fg(r) 美 fgjr n.数字; 算术; 人物; 身材vi.计算; 出现; 扮演角色vt.计算在内; 估计; 推测; 认为 变形复数：figures过去式：figured过去分词：figured现在分词：figuring第三人称单数：figures例句1.They had almost reached