东华大学纺织专业外语试题3.doc

Test Paper 2-AnswerScore_ Name_Class_Part 1. Translate the following words into Chinese (15 points)1. acetate 醋酸纤维，醋酸酯16. twist 捻度2. aging老化，熟化17. ply 合股，纱线股数3. linter 棉籽绒，棉短绒18. intertwine 捻合，缠结4. flow chart流程图19. staple/spun yarn 短纤维5. ripen 熟化，使成熟20. worsted count精纺毛纱支数6. hydrolysis 水解21. cohesion 内聚力，抱合力7. disperse-dyed分散染料染色的22. strand （绳、线的）股，缕；单纱，须条8. qualitative analysis定性分析23. fancy yarn花式纱线，花式丝线9. staining表面着色，染斑，沾色24. carding梳理，粗梳，梳棉（毛、麻、绵）10. analytical balance分析天平25. woolen yarn粗纺毛纱11. disinfectant消毒剂，杀菌剂26. rotor spinning转杯纺纱12. microtome 切片机，切片刀27. traveler 钢丝圈13. anisotropic 各向异性的28. break stretching牵切 14. resolving power分辨能力，分辨率29. fibrillation 原纤化作用15. extinguish 熄灭，消除30. tape 扁丝Part 2. Translate the following words into English (15 points)使商品化，把变成商品commercialize捻系数twist multiplier催化剂catalyst单纱，单丝single yarn免烫，洗可穿wash and wear精纺毛纱支数worsted count起球pilling棉结，毛结，麻粒nep浆纱，上浆sizing包芯纱core-spun木材，木料timber绞纱，绞丝skein三醋酸纤维triacetate细绳，粗线cord燃烧试验burning test精梳combing定量分析quantitative analysis并条，牵伸drawing阻燃整理flame-retardant finish环锭纺纱ring spinning各向同性的isotropic开松opening吸光度，吸收（光）辐射能力absorbance梳条，条子，纱条sliver防腐剂antiseptic锭子spindle烧杯beaker络筒winding着色试验staining test喷气纺纱air-jet spinningPart 3. Translate the following sentences into English (10 points)1 对大多数的消费者而言，对纤维的组成只需要有一个定性的分析即可。而对于某些人来说，定量的分析也很重要。For most consumers, the only information needed is a qualitative analysis of fiber content. For others, a quantitative analysis of the product is also important2 定性鉴别的方法主要包括：燃烧试验、显微镜观察、密度测定、回潮率测定、着色试验、化学溶解性测试、熔点测定等。Methods for qualitative identification of fibers include such procedures as burning tests, microscopy, density determination, moisture regain analysis, dye staining, chemical solubility, melting point determination, and so on.Part 4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (60 points)1. The three major spinning, or extrusion, processes are wet spinning, dry or solvent spinning, and melt spinning. A fourth type, emulsion spinning, can be used for polymers for which the other processes are not practical. Gel spinning is a newer process that is being used for a few high-tenacity fibers. 三大的纺丝或挤出工艺包括湿法、干法或溶液纺丝，以及熔体纺丝。第四种纺丝工艺乳液纺丝，主要用于那些利用上述三种纺丝方法无法进行纺丝的聚合物。凝胶纺丝是一种新兴的纺丝方法，主要用于少量的高强纤维的生产。2. Wood pulp and cotton linters are the two major sources of purified cellulose for manufacturing acetate and rayon. Wood pulp is produced from timber. After the bark is removed, the wood is chipped into very small pieces. The wood chips are treated with calcium bisulphite and then steamed under pressure for several hours. The wood decomposes, and a purified form of Cellulose is produced. 木浆粕和棉仔绒是用于生产醋酯纤维和人造丝的纯净纤维素的两大主要来源。木浆粕是用木材制造的。首先将树皮剥离，然后再将木材切成小片。这些小木片经过亚硫酸钙处理以后，在压力下蒸几个小时。这样木材就会降解产生纯净的纤维素。3. The burning test is a good preliminary test for categorizing fibers. Observation of burning provides information on behavior in a flame, smoke generation, odor during burning, and ash or residue. It never should be used as the only method of identifying a fiber, but it provides valuable information that may be used with other evidence to make a positive identification of an unknown fiber.在鉴别纤维时，燃烧试验是一种很好的初步检测方法。观察燃烧时火焰的燃烧状态、烟的产生、燃烧时的气味、燃烧后的灰烬能提供很多有用的信息。但是，在鉴别某种纤维时，决不能只选用燃烧试验来下结论。这种方法必须和其他检验方法一起使用才能对一个未知纤维进行准确地鉴别。4. ASTM D 123 defines yarn as a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or other-wise interwining to form a textile fabric. ASTM D 123 将纱线定义为由纺织纤维、长丝，或者以适合于针织、机织或其他捻合方式形成织物的形式存在的材料构成的连续须条。5. Fibers are usually twisted together by the process of spinning to produce a yarn that will withstand the rigors of weaving or kniting. The direction in which the fibers are twisted and the amount of twist inserted affect the properties of yarns and the products that can be made from the yarns. Twist affects strength, luster, abrasion resistance, hand, absorbency, and flexibility.通常将纤维经过纺纱工艺进行加捻形成纱线以经受机织或针织过程中剧烈的冲击。加捻的方向和数量会影响纱线的性能，并对该纱线所制成的产品性能产生影响。加捻会对纱线的强力、光泽、耐磨性、手感、吸湿性，以及柔韧性产生影响。6. Ring spinning is essentially a discontinuous process in which the short raw fiber goes through a series of machines that transform it into a continuous strand of yarn. The major production stages